• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.27-52
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• 2011

The regions of Central Asia have each acquired an elevated strategic importance in the new security paradigm of post-September 1lth. Comprised of five states, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, Central Asia's newly enhanced strategic importance stems from several other factors, ranging from trans-national threats posed by Islamic extremism, drug production and trafficking, to the geopolitical threats inherent in the region's location as a crossroads between Russia, Southwest Asia and China. Although the U.S. military presence in the region began before September 11th, the region became an important platform for the projection of U.S. military power against the Taliban in neighboring Afghanistan. The analysis goes on to warn that 'with US troops already in place to varying extents in Central Asian states, it becomes particularly important to understand the faultlines, geography, and other challenges this part of the world presents'. The Kyrgyz military remains an embryonic force with a weak chain of command, the ground force built to Cold War standards, and an almost total lack of air capabilities. Training, discipline and desertion - at over 10 per cent, the highest among the Central Asian republics - continue to present major problems for the creation of combat-effective armed forces. Kyrgyzstan has a declared policy of national defence and independence without the use of non-conventional weapons. Kyrgyzstan participates in the regional security structures, such as the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) and the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation (SCO) but, in security matters at least, it is dependent upon Russian support. The armed forces are poorly trained and ill-equipped to fulfil an effective counter-insurgency or counter-terrorist role. The task of rebuilding is much bigger, and so are the stakes - the integrity and sovereignty of the Kyrgyz state. Only democratization, the fight against corruption, reforms in the military and educational sectors and strategic initiatives promoting internal economic integration and national cohesion hold the key to Kyrgyzstan's lasting future

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.389
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• pp.52-53
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• 2009

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.185
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• pp.26-27
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• 2018

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.3
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• pp.294-304
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• 2018

Since joining the OECD Development Assistance committee in 2010, the Republic of Korea has been continuously striving to promote its international standing. A new era of cooperation is about to open between Korea and Central Asia, with the $25^{th}$ anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relationship between Korea and Central Asia, and the welcoming the $80^{th}$ anniversary of the Koryoin (Korean) immigration in 2017. Central Asia is also attracting attention with a rapidly growing economy based on the endowed resources. Therefore, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, among others, were investigated in the following statuses: politics, diplomacy, economy, official development assistance and national strategies. In particular, this study suggests the South Korea's Country Partnership Strategy for Forest with the nations by analyzing the forest environment and forest policy regime, and both forest cooperation strategies: 'Ecotourism Projects using a Walnut Forest' in Kyrgyzstan and 'Projects Restoring Forest and Securing Fuel Woods of Degraded Land in Tugai' in Tajikistan.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Large landslide is a type of mass movement that causes drastic landform changesin a short period, and it causes huge human and property damage over a large area. The purpose of this study is to categorize the types and characteristics of large landslides around the Kokomeren River basin, Kyrgyzstan and to discuss the geomorphic development after the large landslides. The topographic analysis about a total of 20 landslides documented collapsed volumes of 0.01 to 1.10 km³, height drops of 180 to 1,770 m, and runout distances of 1,200 to 5,400 m. Rock avalanche and rockslide are identified as major types of large-scale landslides in the study area. Rock avalanches can be divided into P-type, J-type, and S-type based on the features of slope failure and kinematic characteristics of rock debris. Landslide synchronistic landforms such as trimlines, transverse ridges, longitudinal ridges, levees, and hummocks are well developed in the rock avalanche. The pieces of evidence of landslide dam, landslide-dammed lake, and remnant outburst flood deposits are observed in the upstream and downstream where the rockslides occurred. The Ak-Kiol landslide dam is the best example of a geomorphic development due to lake spillover and the large landslides were likely to be triggered by huge paleo-seismic events.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2010

Since the ancient times, animals that can imitate the voices of human beings have been considered extremely special. There are very few such animals, and the parrot is an example of them. For a long time, there had been no reported case of a rooster being able to mimic the voice of a human being, but talking roosters were recently found in Korea and the Kyrgyz Republic, generating much talk. In this study, the vocal characteristics of such roosters were examined, and their pronunciation-related statistics and actual sound sources were analyzed. The analysis results showed that even though the roostets cannot converse with people, they can imitate the human voice, uttering the words "An-dwae," and "A-ni-ya" in Korean, which mean "No" in English, when someone tries to catch their wings. A similar situation 'occurred in the Kyrgyzstan. The results of the listening survey on these sounds made by the roosters showed that most people recognized the words uttered by the roosters and that nobody thought that the words sounded like "cock-a-doodle-doo." It can be said that such roosters can make the sounds of the human voice because of their innate vocal organ and characteristics, which are significantly different from those of the general roosters. Their vocal organ and characteristics cause the sounds that they make to change in their vocal cords due to their high tension when humans try to catch them.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.211-230
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• 2017

This study was carried out to identify what elements affected the satisfaction of high school international students, who were invited for Vocational Education organized by Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) program. They are in vocational high school which located in Jeollanam-do province. The results of the analysis showed that the highest level of satisfaction is 'satisfaction of education level' (M = 4.19) and 'overall satisfaction' (M = 4.19). In general, the average satisfaction of international exchange students at vocational high school was 3.92 points. The High School Exchange Student Program through invitation and scholarship for vocational education is aimed at establishing an international network between Korea and CIS countries and cultivating global talent. This year 10 foreign students were selected and supported the second time. Considering the sustain ability of the program, this study will yield the following results and will be helpful in future mentoring in school or in the management of international students.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is the tooth decay ratio of the children and adolescents in four rural areas of Kyrgyzstan. Methods: Oral examinations were conducted 2,677 children and adolescents in Nizhniy chuy, Bokonbayevo, Chon Tash and Arashan from March 2017 to November 2019. It was investigated decayed tooth ratio(DT), decay permanent tooth ratio(DPT) and missing permanent tooth ratio(DMT) according to ages and areas by direct observation of the oral cavity. Results: In all areas, the rate of all children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 had very high DT of more than 94 percent overall. Furthermore, it was showed that high DPT rates above 78% on average and DMT over 8 years old in Chon Tash and Arashan. Conclusion: These results are higher than the average of DT, DPT and DMT in OECD countries. In order to promote oral health of children and adolescents, increased interest in oral health and policy measures at the Kyrgyzstan government level are considered urgent.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 2017

This paper attempts to investigate FDI Trade have been viewed a power affecting economic growth in Mongolia and five Central Asian countries(Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan) directly and indirectly using the Vector Error Correction Model. The results of empirical analysis based on data from 1995 to 2015 confirmed that FDI had a significant impact on economic growth in the rest of countries expect Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, and Trade was not statistically significant for all countries. Accordingly we've come to below conclusion in consideration of the results of the statistics survey. It is urgently required to implement the policies on promoting foreign investment at first in order to recover economic decline though the international trading is considered important in developing the economics of developing countries. Especially, the landlocked countries, namely the countries having same border should focus on promoting the development of transport and freight forwarding systems between the countries, implementing the policies on trade relationships and foreign direct investments throughout the nation in consideration of the low- level of market economic conditions.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-127
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• 2016

This paper attempts to investigate determinants of foreign direct investment in transition countries of Mongolia and Central Asia five countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. FDI inflows in this transition economies have been far increasing due to their rapid growth, GDP, gross capital formation, wage, labor force, open trading, infrastructure and natural resources as well as the factors demonstrating the economic variables and political variables of these countries by Vector Error Correction Model. The results of empirical analysis based on data from 1993 to 2013 confirmed that FDI and open trade and gross capital formation and political than GDP, wage, labor force, infrastructure and natural resources had a significant impact on Central Asia and Mongolia. In addition, if Mongolia and Central Asian five countries can maintain the country's economic growth, reduce unemployment level, achieve certain improvements in domesticating new technologies and improving skills and knowledge sphere as well as promoting stable domestic price increase, attracting and improving the FDI by paying more attention to the indicators focusing on country's GDP, wage, labor force, infrastructure and natural resource.