• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.209-213
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• 2012

Purpose: To assess the repeatability of the monocular spherical endpoints, a test was performed with four methods which are the retinoscopy, the MPMVA (maximum plus maximum visual acuity) method, the R/G duochrome method, and the crossed cylinder method. Methods: The monocular spherical endpoints was measured by four kinds of method (Retinoscopy, MPMVA method, R/G duochrome method, Crossed cylinder method) on 20 subjects (40 eyes) of average age 23.0 year-old men and women. After a week, retest was performed by same procedure and the test-retest repeatability was assessed by using the Bland-Altman plot analysis. Results: The test-retest mean difference of retinoscopy was the smallest diopters of -0.03 and that of R/G duochrome method was the largest diopters of -0.19. The upper/lower 95% limits of agreement for repeatability was the narrowest in retinoscopy and was the widest in crossed cylinder method. When compared the spherical endpoints of each eye between by retinoscopy and by other three methods, the error rate of ${\pm}0.25D$ in total eyes was 85% in MPMVA method, 80% in R/G duochrome method, and 24% in crossed cylinder method. Conclusions: Test-retest repeatability is the highest in the retinoscopy, and the retinoscopy, the MPMVA method, and R/G duochrome method are suitable for monocular spherical endpoints test.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.103-107
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• 2008

Purpose: This research measured the near addition powers of presbyopia in wearing the near spectacle for the first time. Methods: We evaluated age, sex, working group, spherical power and cylindrical power and measured the power of refractive error performed the both eyes (310 eyes) of 155 subjects subjectively noncycloplegic and power of addition using the cross cylinder method. Results: There were measured the near addition powers in the range of +0.75D ~ +1.75D. In case of the average addition, they were measured with +1.06D in subjects under 43 years of age, +1.08D in 44 to 46 years, +1.23D in 47 to 49 years and +1.46D in over 50 years of age. The average age in subjects was 47.6 years old and 74 male, 81 female, 71 near sighted working group and 83 far sighted working group. Conclusions: Near addition was correlated with age, working group and cylindrical power (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.71-75
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• 2007

This research was conducted from 1 March 2005 to 28 February 2007. We collected data from optician stores around Kwang-Ju city, 208 people aged 40 to 80 years using the cross cylinder method to find out age and gender dependence of near addition. 1. Age dependence of Refractive error shows 5% of emmetropia 34% of myopia and 43% of hyperopia. These results reveal that rate of hyperopia is higher than emmetropia and myopia. Mixed Astigmatism rate was 18%. 2. Near addition required to correct Presbyopia is analyzed as functions of gender and ages. In case of man: 40-44 (+0.75D), 45-49(+1.25D), 50-54(+1.41D), 55-59(+1.92D), 60-64(+2.35D), 65-69(+1.97D), 70(+3.12D), In case of woman: 40-44 (+1.08D), 45-49 (+1.38D), 50-54 (+1.67D), 55-59(+2.05D), 60-64 (+2.50D), 65-69 (+2.57D), $70{\leq}(+3.18D)$. Result shows it's Adding power higher than man. 3. Age dependence of Axis of Astigmatism. In case of horizontal astigmatism 61.2%, vertical 2.8% and rest else for 36%. Setting point from Binocular vision tells that average adding power of 40-44 (+0.75D) or (+1.00D), 45-49 (+1.25D) or (+1.50D), 50-54 (+1.50D), 55-59 (+2.00D), 60-64 (+2.50D), 65-69 (+2.50D) or (+2.75D), over $70{\leq}(+3.00D)$ or (+3.25D) of average adding power.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 1999

In this study, It obtained results that the exact spherical diopter to practice test by using Cross cyliner lens and Red Green Card method. In the test used to the 1750 eyes of middle and high school students. The results was as follows ; 1. Using Cross cylinder lens method, I tested a exact spherical diopter after accommodation. At -0.25 Dptr the ratio of spherical Dptr error limits were measured as 58% and at -0.75 Dptr they were oppeared as 1%, at -1.00 Dptr they are not measured. In this method, the error limits of exact spherical Dptr was 91% from 0 Dptr to -0.25 Dptr. 2. Using Red Green Card method, they were measured as 45% at -0.25 Dptr. and measured as 20% at -0.50 Dptr. From the result of these test, Cross cylinder lens method was a better detailed method than Red Green Card method.