• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.462-467
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• 2020

대역사전의 구축은 저자원 언어쌍 간의 기계번역의 품질을 높이는데 있어 중요하다. 대역사전 구축을 위해 기존에 제시된 방법론 중 단어 임베딩을 기반으로 하는 방법론 대부분이 영어-프랑스어와 같이 형태적 및 구문적으로 유사한 언어쌍 사이에서는 높은 성능을 보이지만, 영어-중국어와 같이 유사하지 않은 언어쌍에 대해서는 그렇지 못하다는 사실이 널리 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 단어 임베딩을 기반으로 부트스트래핑을 통해 대역사전을 구축하는 방법론을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법론은 소량의 seed 사전으로부터 시작해 반복적인 과정을 통해 대역사전을 자동으로 구축하게 된다. 이후, 본 논문의 방법론을 이용해 한국어-영어 언어쌍에 대한 실험을 진행하고, 기존에 대역사전 구축 용도로 많이 활용되고 있는 도구인 Moses에 사용된 방법론과 F1-Score 성능을 비교한다. 실험 결과, F1-Score가 약 42%p 증가함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 초기에 입력해준 seed 사전 대비 7배 크기의 대역사전을 구축하였다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2012

People receive information through various media, such as newspapers, TV, radio, magazines, or internet, etc. In particular, through the development of the internet and smart-phone they can interact with media and receive information in real time via handheld devices. However the types of information and media could affect the reliability of news information. In this study, it was the main interest how the usability in the new media with the interactivity, such as a desktop, tablet, and smart-phone affects the user's evaluation on the contents displayed by the different new media. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the usability from the different display size of media and the different contents of articles on the reliability of information empirically. The results showed that the contents of the articles interacting with different devices affect the reliability of information. These findings propose the considerations on the effects of characteristic usability of the new media in the stages of the development of the media contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.679-685
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• 2017

Computed tomography has widely been used to diagnose patient disease, and patient dose also increase rapidly. To reduce the patient dose by CT, various techniques have been applied. The iterative reconstruction is used in view of image reconstruction. Image quality of the reconstructed section image through algebraic reconstruction technique, one of iterative reconstruction methods, was examined by the normalized root mean square error. The computer program was written with the Visual C++ under the parallel beam geometry, Shepp-Logan head phantom of $512{\times}512$ size, projections of 360, and detector-pixels of 1,024. The forward and backward projection was realized by Joseph method. The minimum NRMS of 0.108 was obtained after 10 iterations in the regularization parameter of 0.09-0.12, and the optimum image was obtained after 8 and 6 iterations for 0.1% and 0.2% noise. Variation of optimum value of the regularization parameter was observed according to the phantom used. If the ART was used in the reconstruction, the optimal value of the regularization parameter should be found in the case-by-case. By finding the optimal regularization parameter in the algebraic reconstruction technique, the reconstruction time can be reduced.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.6
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• pp.1295-1300
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• 2004

Although model checking has gained its popularity as one of the most effective approaches to the formal verification, it has to deal with the state explosion problem to be widely used in industry. In order to mitigate the problem, this paper proposes an ion technique to obtain a reduced model M' from a given original model M. Our technique Identifies the set of necessary variables for model checking and projects the state space onto them. The model M' is smaller in both size and behavior than the original model M, written M'$\leq$M. Since the result of reachability analysis with M' is preserved in M, we can do reachability analysis with model checking using M' instead of M. The abstraction technique is applied to Push Push games, and two model checkers - Cadence SMV and NuSMV - are used to solve the games. As a result, most of unsolved games with the usual model checking are solved with the ion technique. In addition, ion shows that there is much of time and space improvement. With Cadence SMV, there is 87% time improvement and 79% space one. And there is 83% time improvement and 56% space one with NuSMV.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.505-512
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• 2006

Characteristics of particle holdup and heat transfer were investigated in a liquid-particle swirling fluidized bed whose diameter was 0.102 m and 2.5 m in height. Effects of liquid velocity, particle size and swirling liquid ratio($R_s$) on the particle holdup and immersed heater-to-bed overall heat transfer coefficient were examined. The particle holdup increased with increasing particle size and swirling liquid ratio but decreased with increasing liquid velocity.The local particle holdup was relatively high in the region near the heater when the $R_s$ value was 0.1~0.3, but the radial particle holdup was almost uniform when the $R_s$ value was 0.5, whereas, when the $R_s$ value was 0.7, the local particle holdup was relatively low in the region near the heater. The heat transfer characteristics between the immersed heater and the bed was well analyzed by means of phase space portraits and Kolmogorov entropy(K) of the time series of temperature difference fluctuations. The phase space portraits of temperature difference fluctuations became stable and periodic and the value of Kolmogorov entropy tended to decrease with increasing the value of $R_s$ from 0.1 to 0.5. The Kolmogorov entropy exhibited its maximum value with increasing liquid velocity. The value of overall heat transfer coefficient(h) showed its maximum value with the variation of liquid velocity, bed porosity or swirling liquid ratio, but it increased with increasing particle size. The value of K exhibited its maximum at the liquid velocity at which the h value attained its maximum. The particle holdup and overall heat transfer coefficient were well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups of operating variables.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.393-402
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• 1997

Purpose : When an x-ray beam of small field size is irradiated to target area containing an air cavity, such as larynx, the underdosing effect is observed in the region near the interfaces of air and soft tissue. With a larynx model, air cavity embedded in tissue-equivalent material, this study is intonded for examining Parameters, such as beam quality, field size, and cavity size, to affect the dose distribution near the air cavity. Materials and Methods : Three x-rar beams, 4-, 6- and 10-MV, were employed to Perform a measurement using a 2cm $(width){\times}L$ (length in cm, one side of x-ray field used 2cm (height) air cavity in the simulated larynx. A thin window parallel-plate chamber connected to an electrometer was used for a dosimetry system. A ratio of the dose at various distances from the cavity-tissue interface to the dose at the same points in a homogeneous Phantom (ebservedlexpected ratio, O/E) normalized buildup curves, and ratio of distal surface dose to dose at the maximum buildup depth were examined for various field sizes. Measurement for cavity size effect was performed by varying the height (Z) of the air cavity with the width kept constant for several field sizes. Results : No underdosing effect for 4-MV beam for fields larger than $5cm\times5cm$ was found For both 6- and 10-MV beams, the underdosing portion of the larynx at the distal surface was seen to occur for small fields, $4cm\times4cm\;and\;5cm\times5cm$. The underdosed tissue was increased in its volume with beam energy even for similar surface doses. The relative distal surface dose to maximum dose was changed to 0.99 from 0.95, 0.92, and 0.91 for 4-, 6-, and 10-MV, respectively, with increasing field size, $4cm\times4cm\;to\;8cm\times8cm$, For 6- and 10-MV beams, the dose at the surface of the cavity is measured less than the predicted by about two and three percent. respectively. but decrease was found for 4-MV beam for $5cm\times5cm$ field. For the $4cm\timesL\timesZ$ (height in cm). varying depth from 0.0 to 4.8cm, cavity, O/E> 1.0 was observed regardless of the cavity size for any field larger than about $8cm\times8cm$. Conclusion : The magnitude of underdosing depends on beam energy, field size. and cavity size for the larynx model. Based on the result of the study. caution must be used when a small field of a high quality x-ray beam is irradiated to regions including air cavities. and especially the region where the tumor extends to the surface. Low quality beam. such as. 4-MV x-ray, and larger fields can be used preferably to reduce the risk of underdosing, local failure. In the case of high quality beams such as 6- and 10-MV x-rays, however. an additional boost field is recommended to add for the compensation of the underdosing region when a typically used treatment field. $8cm\times8cm$, is employed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.4B
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• pp.708-714
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• 2000

In this paper, an one-dimensional VLSI array for high speed processing of fractal image compression algorithm based the quad-tree partitioning method is proposed. First of all, the single assignment code algorithm is derived from the sequential Fisher's algorithm, and then the data dependence graph(DG) is obtained. The two-dimension array is designed by projecting this DG along the optimal direction and the one-dimensional VLSI array is designed by transforming the obtained two-dimensional array. The number of Input/Output pins in the designed one-dimensional array can be reduced and the architecture of process elements(PEs) can he simplified by sharing the input pins of range and domain blocks and internal arithmetic units of PEs. Also, the utilization of PEs can be increased by reusing PEs for operations to the each block-size. For fractal image compression of 512X512gray-scale image, the proposed array can be processed fastly about 67 times more than sequential algorithm. The operations of the proposed one-dimensional VLSI array are verified by the computer simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1103-1109
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• 2014

The motion recognition system has been broadly studied in digital image and video processing fields. Recently, method using th depth image is used very useful. However, recognition accuracy of depth image based method will be loss caused by size and shape of object distorted for angle of the depth sensor. Therefore, distortion correction of depth sensor is positively necessary for distinguished performance of the recognition system. In this paper, we propose a pre-processing algorithm to improve the motion recognition system. Depth data from depth sensor converted to real world, performed the corrected angle, and then inverse converted to projective world. The proposed system make progress using the OpenCV and the window program, and we test a system using the Kinect in real time. In addition, designed using Verilog-HDL and verified through the Zynq-7000 FPGA Board of Xilinx.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2015

Horizontally curved bridges are subjected to torsional loads by their vertical dead loads only as well as eccentric loads, which cause negative reactions at supports. In this paper, effects of bridge curvature on vertical reactions at supports are investigated for 48.8 m length simple span steel box girder bridges with elastomeric bearings by varying curvature angle from 0.49 to 1.35 rad. In order to expect magnitude and direction of reactions including possibility of negative reactions, reaction evaluation equations have been analytically developed by separating a superstructure of curved bridge into independent components. Concrete slabs and bottom flanges in steel box section are assumed geometrical annular sectors in area dimension, and top flanges and webs that have very narrow projected areas are assumed geometrical arcs in line dimension. Proposed equations have relatively simple forms and prediction values are on very good agreement with those from finite element analyses by difference of 1% order.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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• v.36T no.3
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• pp.26-31
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a facial characteristic detection algorithm based on knowledge and object segmentation method for image communication. In this algorithm, under the condition of the same lumination and distance from the fixed video camera to human face, we capture input images of 256 $\times$ 256 of gray scale 256 level and then remove the noise using the Gaussian filter. Two images are captured with a video camera, One contains the human face; the other contains only background region without including a face. And then we get a differential image between two images. After removing noise of the differential image by eroding End dilating, divide background image into a facial image. We separate eyes, ears, a nose and a mouth after searching the edge component in the facial image. From simulation results, we have verified the efficiency of the Proposed algorithm.