• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.626-631
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• 2005

The effects of Pleurotus (P.) eryngii on the weight gains, food efficiency ratios, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations were investigated in male rats fed the high fat diets. Twenty one week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were given three different types of diet for 10 weeks, respectively: a control diet (high fat; $20\%$ lard), two kinds of P. eryngii diet supplemented with $3\%\;or\;5\%$ of dry P. eryngii powder in substitutes for the same amounts of cellulose in the control diets. The body weight gains and food efficiency ratios of the rats fed $3\%\;and\;5\%$ P. eryngii diets were significantly lower than those of the rats fed the control diet. The concentrations of hepatic total lipid and triglyceride in the rats fed the P. eryngii diets were significantly lower than those in the rats fed the control diet. But the hepatic cholesterol contents of the rats fed the P. eryngii diets were similar to those of the rats fed the control diet. The concentrations in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly lower in the rats fed the P. eryngii diets compared to those fed the control diet. The HDL-cholesterol/total- cholesterol ratio was significantly higher in the rats fed the P. eryngii diets compared to those fed the control diet. There were no significant difference found in the serum triglyceride, phospholipid and HDL-cholesterol concentrations among the experimental groups. These results showed that feeding of P. eryngii powder feeding decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum of the rats fed high fat diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.673-678
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• 2001

To investigate effects of ethylacetate fraction of onion(EFO) on serum lipid metabolism in rats fed high cholesterol diet, four groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 100 g were given a high cholesterol diet of 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate and EFO containing three concentrations (1%, 3% and 10%), respectively for 6 weeks. growth rate of the hypercholesterolemic group (control group) was higher than the normal group, whereas the groups given EFO showed a decreasing trends, compared with the control group, especially the most excellent effect in 10% of EFO, but any differences were not found between groups in feed efficiency ratio. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lower, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in EFO suplemented-grups than control group in dose dependent manner. EFO increased HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and lowered atherogenic index. Free cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not decreased significantly with in 6 weeks, but cholesteryl ester concentration was significantly decreased in EFO suplemented groups than control group, and in case of serum phospholipid concentration, EFO was not showed significantly effect, but it gradually increased the level, compared with the control group. Therefore, it might be expected that ethylacetate fraction of onion is believed to be a possible protective or curative effects for the fatty liver and hyperlipidemia-induced by a high cholesterol diet.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-58
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 국내산 몰로키아 잎에서 추출한 mucilage의 이화학적 특성, 동물실험을 통한 콜레스테롤 대사에 미치는 영향가 임상실험에서의 비만 및 체지방대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 몰로키아 잎은 식이섬유의 함량이 37.4%, 단백질의 함량은 24.4%를 차지하고 있으며, 칼슘의 함량이 2,000mg% 이상으로 대단히 높았다. 몰로키아 앞에서 추출된 mucilage의 경우 단백질의 총당에 대한 비율이 $50^{\circ}C$에서 57.6%를 차지하였으며, 구성다당류의 분자량은 약 500,000 dalton의 크기를 나타내었고 40,000 dalton 이하의 것도 일부 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 동물실험에서는 혈장의 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 대조구인 셀룰로오스 첨가군과 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 간에서의 지방 농도는 몰로키아 분말과 mucilage 첨가군이 유의적으로 감소되었고 변으로의 콜레스테롤 배설량도 몰로키아 분말 첨가군과 mucilage 첨가군 순으로 높았다. 몰로키아의 섭취가 다이어트와 변비개선에 미치는 효과를 검토한 결과, 체중의 감소는 아주 낮은 유의성을 보였고, 혈액 내 생화학적 수치에서 초기치와 8주 후의 값에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 체지방율의 경우에는 현저히 줄어들었다. 또한 몰로키아의 섭취로 배변이 2배 이상 증가하였으며, 배변시의 통증도 상당히 완화시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2008

Although beef provides high quality proteins as well as vitamins and minerals, its concentrations of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol give negative impression to some consumers on the other hand. Excess fat, especially cholesterol contents in beef is related with metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Unfortunately, the data for the relationship of marbling degree and cholesterol contents in Hanwoo beef is very limited. The objectives of the current study were to provide basic data about cholesterol contents in Hanwoo beef and to compare those among beef cattle breeds using 61 Hanwoo and 15 each of Angus and Wagyu crossbred steers. Samples were collected from M. longissimus area and cholesterol concentrations and fatty acid compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography. Cholesterol concentrations in Hanwoo beef ranged from 32.36 mg/100g to 75.42mg/100g depending on individuals. In Angus, cholesterol contents in lowest marbling degree of “Practically devoid” was 56.84mg/100g, whereas it was 72.85mg/100g in the highest marbling degree of “Abundant” showing increase in cholesterol concentrations as the marbling degree increases. For Wagyu crossbred steers, it was 69.23mg/100g and 78.93 mg/100g for marbling degree of “Practically devoid” and “Abundant”, respectively, showing similar cholesterol concentrations to Angus steers but still much higher than Hanwoo steers. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids for Hanwoo, Angus and Wagyu Crossbred were 1,48, 1.08 and 1.17, respectively. And the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids : saturated fatty acids were 1.41, 1.03, and 1.10, respectively showing significantly higher ratios in Hanwoo steers. In conclusion, cholesterol contents and saturated fatty acids in M. longissimus of Hanwoo steers were significantly lower while unsaturated fatty acids were higher comparing to those in Angus or Wagyu Crossbred steers. Further studies, however, considering genetic backgrounds, feeding conditions, slaughtering age, number of samples and location of sampling of experimental animals are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.479-483
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• 1994

The effects of the different protein source on serum cholesterol levels were studied in SD strain male rats. Fish protein prepared by the method of SUZUKI from Alaska Pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) was compared with casein and soybean protein isolate. Each protein source was incoporated into a cholesterol-free diet in order to provide a protein level of 20% for 2 weeks. The result obtained are as followed: Concentration of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in rats fed with fish protein group were significantly lower than those of rats fed with casein and similar to those of rats fed with soybean protein. In addition, it was shown that the ratio of Lys/Arg and Gly/Met+Cys of fish protein was close to that of soybean protein.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.337-349
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• 2013

The objective of this literature review is to prove that egg cholesterol is not related with heart disease based upon research results of the past 50 years. As a result, it was reported that the dietary intake cholesterol did not affected cholesterol levels in blood. Moreover, it was reported that adding two eggs a day to a healthful diet did not significantly increase blood cholesterol levels in young or middle-aged men and women with normal or even moderately elevated blood cholesterol levels. Cholesterol feeding studies demonstrate that dietary cholesterol increases both LDL and HDL cholesterol with little change in the LDL : HDL ratio as an important risk indicator of heart disease. Especially a good indicator in the elderly from increased HDL-cholesterol, so cholesterol intake appeared to be good for the prevention of heart disease. Thus the consumption of eggs is bad for your health is not known as a fact, but rather was found to be effective in preventing heart disease. Also, all consumers may consume without worrying because there are no official standards regarding egg intake. Therefore, these evidences would clear up some misunderstanding and mistrust on egg cholesterol regarding the consumption of egg as well as give some desirable advice on how to maintain healthy life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1151-1158
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Pimpinella brachycarpa (PB) on serum and liver lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia. PB ethanol extract (200 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/kg/day) was also administered orally to rats with high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. We divided 40 rats into five groups; normal diet group (NC), high cholesterol diet group (HC), normal diet and PB ethanol extract (200 mg/kg) administered group (NC-PB), high cholesterol diet and PB ethanol extract (200 mg/kg) administered group (HC-PBL), and high cholesterol diet and PB ethanol extract (400 mg/kg) administered group (HC-PBH). The growth rate and liver weight of the high cholesterol diet group was higher than those of the normal diet group, whereas those of the groups administered PB ethanol extract were gradually decreased. There was a signigicant increase in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the high cholesterol diet group. The administration of PB ethanol extract decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in a dose-dependent manners. The high cholesterol diet group showed increased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, and decreased atherogenic index, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid levels as compared with the normal diet group. PB ethanol extract administrated groups showed increased HDL-C/T-C, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid levels, and decreased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels as compared with the high cholesterol diet group. There were no differences in the concentrations of serum triglyceride, phopholipid, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol between normal diet groups. The hepatic concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride were also lower in PB ethanol extract administrated groups than in the high cholesterol diet group. These results suggest that ethanol extract of PB exerts hypocholesterolemic effect by reducing serum and liver cholesterol contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.512-517
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• 2004

The effects of liquid culture of Coriolus versicolor on the body weight gain, lipid metabolism, protein levels and enzyme activities were studied in growing male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control group (C. versicolor free water), 10%, 20% or 30% C. versicolor groups (10%, 20% or 30% C. versicolor in water) according to the levels of C. versicolor supplementation. The rats were fed ad libitum each of the experimental beverage for 5 weeks. The body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio, and organ weight of the all C. versicolor groups were similar to those of the control group. There were no differences in the concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total protein and albumin, and the activities of GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase of the serum among the experimental groups. However, the atherogenic index of the 30% C. versicolor groups were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the serum HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.874-879
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• 1995

This study was designed to evaluate lipid component of serum and organ in matured rats fed oil extract from ducks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 595g(52-week-old) were divided into 3 groups and fed experimental diets for 8 weeks. Rats were fed soybean oil(control group) diet, duck oil(DO group) diet and duck oil supplemented with 1% cholesterol(DOC group) diet. Serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lower in DO and DOC groups than that in the control group. Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in DOC group than those in the other groups, while serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in DOC group than those in the other groups. Hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations in DOC group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. These studies indicate that the duck oil decreases the concentrations of triglyceride and shows almost same concentrations of total cholesterol compared to the soybean oil supplemented group in serum and liver. But hypercholesterolemic effect of duck oil was not improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2004

Green tea, which is high in polyphenols, is thought to have hypocholesterolemic effects. The present study was performed to further elucidate the hypocholesterolemic actions of green tea, specially the catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for their effects on the diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with green tea-free diet (control), diets containing 4% green tea powder (GTP), 1.0% green tea catechin (catechin) or 0.5% epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for 7 wks. All diets that were provided green tea contained approximately 0.5% EGCG Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to all diets. There were no differences in food intake among groups. The green tea treatments showed significant improvement in the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerides and atherogenic index in the following order; EGCG>Catechin>GTP (p<0.05). The serum HDL-cholesterol level was highest in the EGCG-treated group. The catechin or EGCG diet up-regulated by 5 times the enzyme activity of hepatic cholesterol 7$\alpha$ -hydroxylase (CYP7Al) compared to control diet (p<0.05). Hepatic CYP7Al mRNA level paralleled tile increases in the CYP7Al activity. These results suggest that the EGCG in the green tea may account for the hypocholesterolemic effect by the induction of CYP7Al gene expression.