• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to propose a new method to determine the drought event and the design drought severity. In order to define a drought event from precipitation data, theory of run was applied with the cumulative rainfall deficit. When we have a large amount of rainfall over the threshold level, in this study, we compare with the previous cumulative rainfall deficit to determine whether the drought is relieved or not. The recurrence characteristics of the drought severity on the specific duration was analyzed by the conditional bivariate copula function and confidence intervals were estimated to quantify uncertainties. The methodology was applied to Seoul station with the historical dataset (1909~2015). It was observed that the past droughts considered as extreme hydrological events had from 10 to 50 years of return period. On the other hand, the current on-going drought event started from 2013 showed the significantly higher return period. It is expected that the result of this study may be utilized as the reliable criteria based on the concept of return period for the drought contingency plan.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.359-383
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• 2011

One of the representative prudential regulations is the capital regulation. The current regulation and international criteria are just simply adding up the market risk and credit risk. According to the portfolio theory due to diversification effect the total risk is less than the summation of market and credit risk. This paper investigates to verify the existence of diversification effect in measuring the integrated risk of financial firm by the copula function, which is combine the different distribution maintain their propriety. The result of the test shows that in measuring the integrated risk not only the correlation and but also the proprieties of market and credit risk distribution are very important. And the tail of risk distribution is important when measuring the economic capital, especially the external impact to the financial market. This paper's contribution is that the empirical evidence in considering the relationship between market and credit risk the integrated risk is less than sum of them.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.2339-2344
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• 2014

of a microstrip transmission line, this transmission line can operate as the microstrip line or the coplanar line according to open or short connection between the ungrounded copper plane and grounded plane on the base plane. Two different type operation of the transmission line means that one transmission line can have two different characteristic impedances. This paper proposes and fabricates the circuit to be operated 2-ports power transmission line or 2-way power divider with the stable input matching characteristic by using this dual-impedance transmission line. The proposed circuit operates 2-ports power transmission line in case of the coplanar line or 2-way power divider line in case of the microstrip line. The fabricated circuit shows $S_{21}$ > -0.2 dB and $S_{11}$ < -15 dB above 700 MHz when the circuit operates 2-ports power transmission line. And, it is $S_{21}$ > -3.8 dB, $S_{11}$ < -10 dB and $S_{21}/S_{31}$ < ${\pm}0.3dB$ above 700 MHz when the circuit operates 2-way power divider.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.523-534
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• 2021

Meteorological drought originates from a precipitation deficiency and propagates to agricultural and hydrological droughts through the hydrological cycle. Comparing with the meteorological drought, agricultural and hydrological droughts have more direct impacts on human society. Thus, understanding how meteorological drought evolves to agricultural and hydrological droughts is necessary for efficient drought preparedness and response. In this study, meteorological and hydrological droughts were defined based on the observed precipitation and the synthesized streamflow by the land surface model. The Bayesian network model was applied for probabilistic analysis of the propagation relationship between meteorological and hydrological droughts. The copula function was used to estimate the joint probability in the Bayesian network. The results indicated that the propagation probabilities from the moderate and extreme meteorological droughts were ranged from 0.41 to 0.63 and from 0.83 to 0.98, respectively. In addition, the propagation probabilities were highest in autumn (0.71 ~ 0.89) and lowest in winter (0.41 ~ 0.62). The propagation probability increases as the meteorological drought evolved from summer to autumn, and the severe hydrological drought could be prevented by appropriate mitigation during that time.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2017

Reliability analysis of a mechanical system has been developed in order to consider the uncertainties in the product design that may occur from the tolerance of design variables, uncertainties of noise, environmental factors, and material properties. In most of the previous studies, the reliability was calculated independently for each performance of the system. However, the conventional methods cannot consider the correlation between the performances of the system that may lead to a difference between the reliability of the entire system and the reliability of the individual performance. In this paper, the joint probability density function (PDF) of the performances is modeled using a copula which takes into account the correlation between performances of the system. The system reliability is proposed as the integral of joint PDF of performances and is compared with the individual reliability of each performance by mathematical examples and two-bar truss example.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2010

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement is an important experimental technique for the study of magnetic dynamics. We designed and set up the vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance (VNA-FMR) measurement system with home made coplanar waveguides (CPW). We examined 10-, 20-, 40-nm thick Py thin films to test the performance of the VNA-FMR measurement system. We measured S-parameter (transmission/reflection coefficient) of Py thin films on a CPW. Resonance frequency is investigated from 2.5 to 7 GHz for a field range from 0 to 490 Oe. The VNA-FMR data shows the resonance frequency increment when the external magnetic field increases. We also investigated Gilbert damping constant of Py thin film using resonance frequency (${\omega}_r$) and linewidth ($\Delta\omega$). After investigating dependence of thickness, we find that an decrease in S-parameter intensity as Py thin film thickness decreases. And the FMR results show that the effective saturation magnetization, $M_{eff}$, increase from 7.205($\pm$0.013) kOe to 7.840($\pm$0.014) kOe, while the film thickness varies from 10 to 40 nm.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1409-1415
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• 2021

The Gysel divider has the advantage of easily setting the resistor in the circuit. If the line impedance in the Gysel divider is set differently, the input signal can be distributed to the two output ports at various distribution ratios. This paper proposes the Gysel divider that can change the power distribution to 1:3 or 3:1 by changing the line impedance. The impedance change of the line can be implemented by placing a floating copper plate on the bottom of the microstrip-line. When the floating copper plate and the ground plane are connected, the line operates as the microstrip-line, and when the floating copper plate and the ground plane are disconnected, the line operates as the coplanar-line. The proposed Gysel divider was fabricated at the center frequency of 1.5GHz. The fabricated 3:1 Gysel divider has a stable value S₁₁ of below -17dB, S₂₁/S₃₁ of 4.8±0.2dB, S₂₁(to high output port) of -1.39±0.12dB and S₃₁(to low output port) of -6.15±0.08dB over 1.3~1.7GHz.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.384-389
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• 2011

This article presents an ultra broadband resistive power divider circuit for smart grid applications. Since the future smart grid system is expected to deploy high speed power line communication, the frequency response of the resitive power divider circuit is naturally of significance. Employing a thin film technology, the resistive power divider was designed, measured, and fabricated. For the circuit design, the conductor-backed coplanar waveguide line was firstly designed and measured. The 3 dB cutoff frequency was 72 GHz and S11 remains <-20 dB upto 70 GHz. The fabricated resistive power divider shows the 3 dB cutoff frequency of 50 GHz. It was experimentally verified that the resistive power divider circuit shows the insertion loss of 6 dB for high-speed input signal (40 Gb/s).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2023

여러 기후변화 시나리오에 의하면 기상재해의 발생빈도 및 강도가 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 그중 가뭄은 강수량 부족, 하천유량 감소, 토양 함수량 감소, 용수 수요량 증가 등의 다양한 요인으로 인해 발생하며, 한 가지 형태뿐만 아니라 복합적인 형태로 발생할 수 있다. 또한, 우리나라는 지역마다 기후 특성의 편차가 있어 기후변화에 따른 가뭄 취약성과 대응 능력이 지역마다 다르게 나타난다. 따라서 가뭄에 대응하기 위해서는 다양한 요인을 고려한 통합가뭄지수를 활용해야 하며, 미래의 기후변화를 고려하여 종합적으로 가뭄을 평가해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 동적 베이지안 분류기(DNBC) 기반의 통합가뭄지수를 활용하여 우리나라 전국에 대해 수문학적 위험도를 분석하고 미래 가뭄을 전망하였다. 기상학적, 수문학적, 농업적 및 사회경제적 요인을 고려한 통합가뭄지수를 산정하기 위하여 DNBC 분류기의 인자로 기후변화 시나리오 기반의 기상학적 가뭄지수 SPI, 수문학적 가뭄지수 SDI, 농업적 가뭄지수 ESI와 사회경제적 가뭄지수 WSCI를 활용하였다. 산정된 통합가뭄지수의 시계열을 기반으로 심도와 지속기간을 추출하고, 코플라 함수를 활용한 이변량 가뭄빈도분석을 수행하였다. 이후, 이변량 가뭄빈도분석에 의해 산정된 재현기간을 활용하여 수문학적 위험도를 산정하였다. 그 결과, P1(2021~2040) 기간이 수문학적 위험도 R=0.588로 가장 높은 위험도를 나타냈으며, 이후 P2(2041~2070) 기간까지 감소하였다가 P3(2071~2099) 기간에 다시 증가하는 추세를 보였다. P1(2021~2040) 기간과 P3(2071~2099) 기간은 영산강 유역이 각각 R=0.625(P1), R=0.550(P3)으로 가장 높은 위험도를 나타냈으나, P2(2041~2070) 기간은 금강 유역이 수문학적 위험도 R=0.482로 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 향후 미래 가뭄에 대한 가뭄계획 수립 시에 기초자료로서 활용성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.343-343
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• 2021

최근 국내외적으로 발생되는 대규모의 가뭄에 대하여 여러 과학자들은 자연적인 현상의 가뭄이 아니라 인간의 영향으로 변형된 유역 상황으로 증발산과 토양수분량 그리고 하천유량 등이 자연적인 상태와 다르게 변화되면서 지속된 가뭄으로 평가하고 있다. 우리나라는 대부분의 지역에서 댐과 저류지를 중심으로 수자원 관리가 이루어지고 있으며, 자연적인 수문과정에 의한 유출에 따른 수문학적 가뭄과는 차이가 존재한다. 사회경제적 인자(인구밀도, 농업 및 산업 경제규모 등)는 댐 및 저수지의 용수사용에 큰 영향을 미치며, 저류지의 저류량을 활용하여 판단한 인위적 용수사용이 고려된 수문학적 가뭄(인위적 수문학적 가뭄)과 자연 상태로의 수문학적 가뭄의 특성은 크게 다를 수 있다. 하지만, 사회경제적 인자들이 수문학적 가뭄에 미치는 영향에 대하여 비교한 연구는 상관성 분석을 토대로한 연구가 대부분이다. 본 연구에서는 인자들이 인위적 수문학적 가뭄에 미치는 정도를 정량적으로 비교하기 위하여 베이지안 네크워크 모형을 활용하여 사회경제적 인자와 인위적 수문학적 가뭄과의 관계를 분석하였다. 해당 관계를 바탕으로 코플라 함수를 활용함으로써 베이지안 네트워크 내의 결합확률을 산정하였다. 다양한 사회경제적 인자들에 중에서 인과지도를 바탕으로 활용 가능한 인자로 농업용수 사용량, 생공용수 사용량 자료를 구축하였으며, 기상학적 가뭄지수를 추가적으로 고려하여 한강유역 충주댐 유역에 적용하였다. 그 결과 기상학적 가뭄과 농업용수 사용량과 생공용수 사용량은 값이 증가함에 따라 인위적 수문학적 가뭄의 발생확률이 증가하였다. 사회경제적 인자 중에서는 생공용수 사용량(0.39~0.49)이 전반적으로 농업용수 사용량(0.36~0.48)보다 인위적 수문학적 가뭄에 보다 큰 영향을 미치고 있으며, 값이 적을수록 생공용수 사용량의 영향이 보다 더 크다는 것이 확인되었다. 이를 바탕으로 인위적 수문학적 가뭄의 대응을 위해서는 농업용수 사용량보다 생공용수 사용량의 감축이 우선적으로 이루어져야 그 효과가 클 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 제시한 모형은 베이지안 네트워크를 기반으로 하므로, 둘 이상의 인자에 대하여 복합적으로 가뭄에 영향을 미치는 영향에 대한 추가적인 연구가 가능하다.