• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1349-1360
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• 2017

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters for common ketosis indicators (${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate acid, BHBA; milk acetone), feed intake efficiency indicator (energy-corrected milk, ECM), and milk yield (MY) in Korean Holstein. A total of 75,072 monthly test-day records from 14,397 first parity cows were collected, between 2012 and 2016, from Korea animal improvement association enrolled farms. Variance components were estimated using a multiple trait random regression model. The heritability of BHBA and acetone levels ranged from 0.06 to 0.15 at different DIMs. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between BHBA and acetone were between 0.73 and 0.90, and between 0.93 and 0.98, respectively. The phenotypic correlation between BHBA and MY, between acetone and MY, between BHBA and ECM, and between acetone and ECM ranged from -0.18 to -0.05, -0.23 to -0.05, 0 to 0.10, and -0.09 to 0.01, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between BHBA and MY, between acetone and MY, between BHBA and ECM, and between acetone and ECM also ranged from -0.55 to 0.05, -0.62 to -0.04, -0.10 to 0.11, and -0.20 to 0.00, respectively. We hope that these results would greatly assist in the improvement of ketosis disease in the local Holsteins.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.288-290
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• 1986

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.423-430
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• 2007

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

A ketone body (acetoacetic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) increases from blood or urine when bio-energy dependence pays more fatty acid than glucose. However, in case oxidation of fat is greater than the capacity of the citric acid cycle the fatty acid oxidation is made from acetoacetyl CoA to acetoacetate then, again form β-hydroxyburytic acid to acetone, the diffusion take place into the blood. Enzymes that oxidize ketone body in the brain and nerve tissue blood ketone dody is increased during prolonged fasting, brain used it as energy. In this study, we developed the rapid two step derivatization method for sensitive detection of the ketone body by GC-MS/SIM. The plasma was deproteinized and then the hydroxy and carboxyl groups of ketone body are subjected to extraction and drying then, keto-group were derivatized with hydoxylamine at 60℃ for 30 min for oximation. Then it was trimetyl-silylated with BSTFA at 80℃ for 30 min and analyzed using a GC-MS. The linear ranges were in between 0.001 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for β-hydroxy butyrate, and acetoacetate. The method detection limits were below 0.1 pg over each target compound determined. The mean recoveries (%) of target compounds were ranged from 88.2 % to 92.3 % at 1 µg/mL, from 89.5 % to 94.8 % at 10 μg/mL, with RSD of 6.3-9.4 %. This method could be applied to quantification of ketone bodies which are seen in the keto-acidosis in children and adults from a variety of diseases that cause ketones in the blood and urine.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1993

We have examined Raman spectra of cis-peptide model complex, diketopiperazine in water and $D_2O$ with 320 nm through 218 nm excitation. Our study examines assignment of the resonance enhanced amide vibrations and characterizes their enhancement mechanism. Three resonance enhaned cis-peptide marker bands were observed in aqueous solution at 1676, 1533 and $806cm^{-1}$, which were assigned to the cis-amide I, II and S band, respectively. The $1533cm^{-1}$ amide II band, which is almost pure C-N stretching, was most dominant in water and shifted to $1520cm^{-1}$ upon N-deuteration. This band will be probably a potential probe band for cis-peptide moieties in proteins. The excitation profile data and an Albrecht A-term fit indicated that the cis-peptide vibrations derive their intensities from the 188 nm cis-peptide ${\pi}-{\pi}^*$ electronic transition. We Propose that the geometry of cis-peptide ${\pi}^*$ excited state is C-N bond displacement relative to that of electronic ground state.

• Feed Journal
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• v.4 no.10 s.38
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• pp.132-137
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• 2006

목장 경영의 성공과 실패에는 여러 가지 요인이 작용하지만 연중 얼마나 적은 소가 도태되는가 하는 것 또한 아주 중요하게 생각해 보아야 할 사항이다. 낙농에 있어 거의 대부분의 질병이 산욕기에 발병하는데 산욕기(産褥期)란 분만으로 인한 상처가 완전히 낫고, 자궁이 평상시 상태가 되며 신체의 각기관이 임신 전의 상태로 회복되기까지의 기간으로 대개 분만 후 6~8주간을 말한다. 산욕기에 주로 발생할 수 있는 다양한 질병(산욕기 부전마비, 난산, 급성유방염, 제4위 전위증 등)들이 조기에 발견되어 적절히 치료되지 못하고 만성화되면서 전해질불균형, 에너지와 단백질의 섭취부족에 의한 영양장애로 허약과 지방간 및 케토시스 등으로 진행되어 결국 도태됨으로서 목장 경영에 있어 막대한 영향을 끼치는 것이다. 이러한 산욕기 질병의 주 원인은 건유기 사양관리에 있다. 건유기간 동안 체점수(BCS)의 변화를 최대한 줄이면서 분만전의 스트레스를 얼마만큼 줄일 수 있도록 관리하는가에 달려있다. 다시말해 분만 전 마지막 한달간에 건유에서 분만으로의 이행과정을 얼마나 매끄럽게 연결 지어주는가에 따라 산욕기 질병의 발생률이 결정되는 것이다. 본 고에서는 건유기 사양관리 소홀로 발생되는 산욕기 부전마비에 관해서 자세히 설명해 보고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.687-693
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• 2015

Using 378,086 lactation records on dairy cattle, environmental factors influencing acetone and ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate acid contents in raw milk which are used as ketosis diagnosis indicator traits were analyzed in this experiment. Significance testing was conducted on farm, lactation stage, parity, milking time and month of age by traits. The results of this experiment indicated that there was a highly significant (p < 0.01) difference in all factors and lactation stage was the most significant factor. Linear regression coefficients of month of age on daily milk yields and acetone and ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate acid contents were all positive, while their quadratic linear regression coefficients were negative. Least square means for milk yield at second lactation stage (36~65 days) was 19.06kg which was higher than that of late lactation stage by 6.51kg. Least square means for acetone and ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate acid contents at the first lactation stage (5~35 days) were highest (0.1929mM/L and 0.0742mM/L, respectively), and there was a trend that they decreased as the milking progressed, but increased slightly at the late stage of milking. However, least square means for acetone and ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate acid contents at the first parity were 0.1414mM/L and 0.0522mM/L, respectively, which were higher than the average milk yield after the second parity. Least square means for acetone and ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate acid contents of PM milk yield (0.1372mM/L and 0.0534mM/L, respectively) were higher than those of AM milk yield collectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 1996

Ketosis can exist in both clinicla and subclinical forms. Detection of the subclinical form of ketosis by the use of a nitroprusside based test powder gas been shown to be a relatively simple and reliable procedure. Howere, very liffle is known about the indcidence or prevalence of the subclinical ketosis in Korea. In the present study, samples of urine taken from 288 dairy cows in Chonnam area were examined to demonstrate the presence of ketone bodies, using ross test. All the cows were within 4 weeks either before or after parturition. The gerd size was from 10 to more than 100 cows, and the cows did not show any clinical signs of ketosis. Of the 288 cows, 85 (29.5%) were positive to Ross test; of the positive cases 42.4% were +, 44.7% were ++, and the remaining 12.9% were +++. The prevalence increased from 3rd parity, peaked at 6th parity and thereafter decreased. The prevalence was higher after parturition than before parturition, with the highest occurrence during the 2nd week after calving. The prevalence was higher during winter. Also cows kept indoor throughout the year showed higher occurrence of the subclinical ketosis. The subclinical ketosis did not affect the specific gravity of the urine; however, increasing amount of ketone bodies in the urine decreased the pH of urine.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2004

We have studied the effect of polarity, current density, current duration, crosslinking density, swelling ratio, and permeation enhancers on the transdermal flux of ketoprofen from acrylamide hydrogel. Hydrogel was prepared by free radical crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide. Drug loading was made just before transport experiment by soaking the hydrogel in solution containing drug. In vitro flux study using hairless mouse skin was performed at $36.5^{\circ}C$ using side-by-side diffusion cell, and the drug was analysed using HPLC/UV system. The result showed that, compared to passive flux, the total amount of drug transported increased about 18 folds by the application of $0.4\;mA/cm^2$ cathodal current. Anodal delivery with same current density also increased the total amount of drug transported about 13 folds. It seemed that the increase in flux was due to the electrorepulsion and the increase in passive permeability of the skin by the current application. Flux increased as current density, the duration of current application and loading amount (swelling duration) increased. As the cross linking density of the hydrogel increased, flux clearly decreased. The effect of hydrophilic enhancers (urea, N-methyl pyrrolidone, Tween 20) and some hydrophobic enhancers (propylene glycol monolaurate and isopropyl myristate) was minimal. However, about 3 folds increase in flux was observed when 5% oleic acid was used. Overall, these results provide some useful information on the design of an optimized iontophoretic delivery system of ketoprofen.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.915-921
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to estimate the heritability and coheritablity of daily milk yield, acetone and ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations in raw milk. The average concentrations of acetone and BHBA were $135.54{\pm}96.29{\mu}mol$ and $61.08{\pm}66.76{\mu}mol$, respectively, and the differences between high group and low group cows were highly significant (p <0.01). The estimates of heritability of daily milk yield, acetone and BHBA concentrations were in the range of 0.18~0.21, 0.11~0.13 and 0.01~0.02, respectively. The estimate of heritability of $Log_e$acetone did not change much, while that of $Log_eBHBA$ increased to 0.03~0.04. The estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients between acetone and BHBA were 0.44 and 0.48, respectively. In low milk yield group, the coheritability estimates of BHBA and $Log_eBHBA$ when selection was for daily milk yield were 0.26 and 0.32, respectively. These were higher than the coheritability estimate of acetone when selection was for daily milk yield. The same trend was noted in the coherihability estimates from the whole records using both high and low milk yield groups together. BHBA concentration seemed to be more effectively responding than acetone concentration when selection was for daily milk yield.