• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2010

Mobile harbor is characterized by the lightweight compact structure when compared to the conventional above-ground port container crane. A new concept RORI crane system, which was devised for mobile harbor to satisfy the compactness and light weightness, not only can load/unload containers with high speed on sea but can be completely folded at maneuvering mode. This study is concerned with the tip deflection of the horizontal boom of mobile harbor at container loading operation. Both the theoretical method utilizing the Castigliano's theorem and the numerical approach by finite element method are employed, and the reliability of the latter approach is verified through the comparison with the theoretical results. And then, the effect of the initial cable tension on the tip deflection is parametrically examined by the finite element analysis.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

Since 1960s, a container shipping volume has increased dramatically and continuous on a trend of rapid growth, and so the number of containers handled at the port increases. The position measurement of the yard crane is very important for improving the operating efficiency of the port. This paper describes the method to measure the absolute position of yard crane accurately and rapidly, using both the output pulse of an encoder and infrared sensors. The crane position is calculated by counting the output pulse of an incremental encoder, which is mounted on the wheel in the crane. By the way, the wheel slippage on rail may cause some errors in the crane position information obtained from encoder pulse, and the infrared sensor is used to compensate for errors in the crane position information. The performance of proposed method is verified on experimental results with the simulator of yard crane, the size of which is about 1/10 with the real crane.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2020

The container terminal operators established a re-marshalling plan to reduce the loading operation time and the release operation time. Re-marshalling is to rearrange the containers in the container yard to the advantageous position to shorten the working time using the spare time of the automated yard crane. This study assumed the automated container terminal with a perpendicular layout and deals with the inter-bay re-marshalling planning problem in a yard block. The inter-bay re-marshalling plan determines the container to be moved, the location to be relocated, and the sequence of relocation operations. This study presents a mixed integer programming model that simultaneously determines the storage location and the operation sequence while satisfying the spatial availability during the re-marshalling. Numerical experiments are conducted to understand re-marshalling operation using a beam search method.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 2019

This paper assessed the impacts of the specification of the yard, handling equipment, and operation approaches on the expected number of re-handles during the loading operation for empty containers. When the various types of empty containers from multiple shipping liners are placed in separate spaces from each other, then the storage space cannot be fully utilized. So as to increase the utilization of the storage space, empty containers from multiple vessel liners are stored together incurring additional re-handles during the loading operation. Several formulas are derived for the estimation of the expected number of handles, including re-handles, for empty container retrieval from a bay. Transfer cranes and top handlers are utilized as handling equipment and various retrieval strategies are examined. Numerical analysis was conducted to assess the effects of various designs and operational parameters of the container stacking yard on the expected number of handles.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2014

In container terminals, stacking yard is the place where import and export containers are temporarily stored before being loaded onto or after being discharged from a ship. Since all the containers go through the stacking yard in their logistic flow, the productivity of the terminal critically depends on efficient operation of stacking yard, which again depends on how well the stacking locations of the incoming containers are determined. However, a good location for stacking an incoming container later can turn out to be a bad one when that container is to be fetched out of the stacking yard, especially if some rehandling is required. This means that good locations for the containers are changing over time. Therefore, in most container terminals, the so-called remarshaling is done to move the containers from bad location to good locations. Although there are many previous works on remarshaling, they all assume that the remarshaling can be done separately from the main jobs when the cranes are idle for rather a long period of time. However, in reality, cranes are hardly available for a period long enough for remarshaling. This paper proposes a crane dispatching strategy that allows remarshaling jobs to be mixed together with the main jobs whenever an opportunity is detected. Experimental results by simulation reveals that the proposed method effectively contributes to the improvement of terminal productivity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.35-40
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• 2003

This paper presents a method for designing layout on the yard and evaluating alternative designs of the layout by applying simulation. The method is based on the concepts of the conventional port container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. In general, yard design of the container terminal is consists of the two major parts. One is to divide yard area between the number of sections and the number of runs and the other is to decide the number of equipment that is the yard truck and yard crane. In the past days, this design was depended on the experience of the terminal operator and the structure of the conventional terminal layout because it is a very complex decision problem. In this paper we suggest the method of yard design as a conceptual procedure and estimate the efficiency of the container crane and the optimal the number of equipment using the simulation. Numerical examples are provided in order to illustrate the conceptual procedure. As the example, the suggested method and simulation are applied to the virtual container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. In the results, the number of sections and runs on yard area, the number of yard truck per container crane and the number of yard crane per run are decided. In additional, the traffic among blocks on yard layout is estimated in terms of rate.

• ICROS
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

• Review of Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.51-55
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• 2008

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.515-521
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• 2007

To increase the stevedore efficiency and service level at container terminal, it is essential to reduce working time of container crane which has a bottle neck in the logistic flow of container. The working speed and safety are required to be improved by controlling the movement of the trolley as quick as possible without big overshoot and any residual swing motion of container in the vicinity of target position. This paper presents optimal state feedback control using RCGAs in the case of existing constrained conditions

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.106-111
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• 2002

해상운송에서 규모의 경제 이익을 달성하기 위해 선박의 크기가 대형화되고, 항만이 중심항만과 주변항만으로 양분화 되어감에 따라 컨테이너 터미널의 효율적 운영을 통한 경쟁력 확보가 중요시되고 있다. 컨테이너의 효율적인 적하는 선박의 효율과 양적하에 직접 관여하는 터미널 중심 장비인 켄트리 크레인의 효율을 극대화하도록 계획되어야 한다. 적하 문제는 선박의 크기와 각 터미널에서의 적하량에 종속되는 NP-hard 문제이다 본 연구에서는 컨테이너 적하 문제를 크게 두 개의 단계로 나누어 적하 계획을 수행한다. 무한한 경우의 수를 두 단계로 나눈 계획 시스템에 의해 크기를 줄인다. 첫 번째 단계는 컨테이너를 선박의 각 해치별로 배치하는 단계이고, 두 번째 단계는 각 해치별로 배정된 컨테이너를 특정 슬롯에 배치하는 것이다. 이렇게 분해된 문제의 각 단계에서 유전 알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm)을 사용하여 최적의 적하계획을 세운다. 그리고 정기 컨테이너선의 운항모형을 수립하고, 각 항구에서의 양·적하를 수행하여 구축된 시스템의 적합성을 시뮬레이션하여 평가한다