• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.20
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• pp.47-61
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• 2010

The Uncanny Valley is a hypothesis introduced by a roboticist, Masahiro Mori. The theory holds that as robots and other facsimiles of humans look and act more human-like, the emotional response from a human spectator to them will become increasingly empathic, until they approach realistic similarity to humans but not quite exactly like them, when those images stop being likable and instead become repulsive and "uncanny." Although the scientific validity of this hypothesis is still debatable, it is true that many spectators has tendency to reject hyper-realistic animation. For that reason, the great success of the recent movie Avatar is remarkable. Computer animations that try to represent humans in hyper-realistic way fall into a paradox: successful result images would look too mundane and unsuccessful ones look "wrong". On top of that, audience would expect from hyper-realistic animation to see same level of acting of live-action films, which is usually not the case. The subtle differences between digital characters and real actors irritate spectators and hinder them in absorbtion. The biggest difference between Avatar and other hyper-realistic animation is the referent of their representation. While Avatar pursues a similar hyper-realistic visual style, the referents of the representation shown in this movie are totally alien to us thus impossible to compare with the real counterparts. Unlike characters in other hyper-realistic animations who had to fight an uphill battle with great actors in real life, those in Avatar have criteria of their own. That is why this movie can be free from the dreadful valley and let the audience absorb into the spectacle.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.48
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• pp.249-269
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• 2017

Promotion and marketing, which are essential to lower the investment risk and maximize commercial profit in the video game market. Game developers and publishers set up public relations strategies to encourage potential consumers' needs. Considering characteristics of video game, the trailer, which is the animated image advertisement material, could occupy a key position in its promotion and marketing plan. Cinematic spectacles and attractive narratives are essential ingredients for game trailers, which are usually produced in 3D animation. Dead Island is an open world first person shooters (FPS) game released in 2011. When launched, it grabbed a great attention with a trailer, awarded the Golden Lion Prize for the best internet film at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. The game was a commercial success and several spin-offs were producted. In 2014, its publisher, Deep Silver showed the official trailer of Dead Island 2 at Electronic Entertainment Expo, the world's largest game show. Dead Island 2 was scheduled to be released in 2016, but has been now delayed until 2018. This study compares and analyzes two trailers of Dead Island 1 and Dead Island 2. We examine the narrative structure of the trailer for the sequel promotion of a successful game. The differences between the two could be useful for building a promotion strategy of other game series.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.51-74
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• 2016

Modern society which human rights and woman's right have been risen is asking for equality treatment of women and men in all sectors of society under sexual equality principle. People say that hidden beneath sexual equality's surface is feminism. Feminism had arisen in the directions that rights and opportunities of women and men are equal. But now, feminism has aimed at woman's right acquisition and realization because men have taken the lead in social activities and political participation historically. This study's purpose is to examine feminism through animation which is image media contents. As everyone knows, media is the glass reflecting the times by reflecting the ideology of the times. In that sense, studying the feministic analysis of research trend in animation which is the representative genre in image media is the meaningful research in understanding the trends of the times. As mentioned above, this study analyzed the and which clearly showed feministic trend. The two animations have the character changes which the objectified women as witch meets the subjective women and the women do a self-directed choice and behavior. Use this to find out the trend of subjective and self-actualizing of Postfeminism in our modern society. Also based on this, this study could predict the changing of feminism arising in the future. This study's limit is that this study is hard to find animation research result related feminism. Symposium related to the feminism animation was held in Korea and there are various interpretation on the internet. This is the next study want even deepening.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.299-323
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• 2017

Interests to cultural prototype as a material of cultural contents are getting more increasing nowadays. One of them is myth. The important thing when you are dealing with the myth as the material that how to convert prototype narratives. Today, digital culture is becoming one of the essential elements of mankind, that is a new sociocultural phenomenon and distinguishing differentiation from the past analogue era. In this regard, the combination of mythology and digital culture is effective strategies for transforming storytelling that can resonate with people who are not familiar with myths. puts the view both of this world and underworld, mythical characters, and various elements of the Grim Reaper into the story. And combines them with digital elements. sets the world that the transcendental soul exists as physically transferred data form. and reinterprets the traditional mythology world into the digitally operated world. Soul-Phone from this anime reflects the digital culture such as storage and transmission, and helps enjoying audiences accept the unfamiliar world of myth. And also It symbolically shows dystopian viewpoints through side effects can caused by digital technology development, such as the instrumentalization of human being, the risk of communication through digital media, and ego-loss caused by duplication, etc. In conclusion, forms a consensus with the audience through the transformation strategy of storytelling that converts the world of myth into the digital world. And it reflects the dystopian view and shows a differentiated world view from the narrative of myth.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.677-696
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• 2017

Cartoons and consequently animation are an effective way of visualizing futuristic scenarios. Here we look at how animation is becoming ubiquitous and an integral part of this future today: the cybernetic and mediated society that we are being transformed into. Animation therefore becomes a form of speech between humans and this networked reality, either as an interface or as representation that gives temporal form to objects. Animation or specifically animated films usually are associated with character based short and feature films, fiction or nonfiction. However animation is not constricted to traditional cinematic formats and language, the same way that design and communication have become treated as separate fields, however according to $Vil{\acute{e}}m$ Flusser they aren't. The same premise can be applied to animation in a networked culture: Animation has become an intrinsic to design processes and products - as in motion graphics, interface design and three-dimensional visualization. Video-games, virtual reality, map based apps and social networks constitute layers of an expanded universe that embodies our network based culture. They are products of design and media disciplines that are increasingly relying on animation as a universal language suited to multi-cultural interactions carried in digital ambients. In this sense animation becomes a discourse, the same way as Roland Barthes describes myth as a type of speech. With the objective of exploring the role of animation as a design tool, the proposed research intends to develop transmedia creative visual strategies using animation both as narrative and as an user interface.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.523-538
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• 2007

This study examined effects of gender and empathic emotional expression of an anthropomorphic interface agent on users. assessment of the agent. In addition, it examined effects of gender and emotional expression regardless of whether visual fidelity of the agent. In Study 1, The agents were manipulated by photographs of human face. The agent expressed empathic emotion by making an other-oriented emotional response congruent with another's perceived welfare. Subjects participated in a task with the agent and then they assessed the agent by rating interpersonal assessment scale. The result reported their preference to the female agent. In addition, they tended to make positive assessment to the agent of opposite gender. In the study 2, gender and expressed emotion of the agent with low fidelity was manipulated. Subjects participated in a task with the agent and then they assessed the agent by rating the same interpersonal assessment scale as study 1. The result reported their preference to the female agent. In addition, they preferred the agent expressing empathic emotion to the agent expressing self-oriented emotion or no emotion. Though the agent had low visual fidelity, its gender and expressed empathic emotion could make a significant effect on users' assessment.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2005

Christian Metz, the precursor of cine-semiology, considered cinema as a language in the sense that it is a set of messages grounded in a given matter of expression, and a signifying practice characterized by specific codifications. According to Metz, film forms a structured network produced by the interweaving of cinematic codes, within which cinematic subcodes represent specific usages of the particular code. For Metz, cinematic language is a totality of cinematic codes and subcodes, and history of the cinema is the trace of the competition, incorporations and exclusions of the subcodes. He also suggested a filmic text is not just a list of codes in effect, but a process of constant displacement and deformation of codes. Following Metz' textual analysis methodology, I investigated the formal configuration of Hayao Miyazaki‘s animation, Spirited Away. It is interesting to trace the interweaving of cinematic codes in Spirited Away, i.e. codes of lighting, color, movement, and auteurism, across the animation. I focused on the first scene at the bridge to Yubaba's bathhouse, analyzing each cinematic code and its subcode applied. The first bridge scene is carefully constructed to stand out the confrontation of Chihiro (with Haku) and the bathhouse. The bathhouse is not just a building, it represents the powerful witch, Yubaba, yet to appear on the scene, and functions as an antipode to Chihiro. In each shot, every subcode within the codes of framing, direction, angle, color, lighting and movement is used to maximize the contrast between the dominant bathhouse and the feeble 10-year-old girl. In Spirited Away, the subcodes within each cinematic ode are constantly competing and displacing each other to augment the antithesis between the characters and develop the narrative. As Metz's argument that film constitutes a quasi-linguistic practice as a pluricodic medium, Spirited Away communicates with the spectators with the combination and displacement of these cinematic codes and subcodes.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.379-388
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• 2002

Since policies of each local government toward regional development have been focusing on only development of the individual applied items such as a character merchandise, co-regional brand, and developing a speciality for the region, the adverse effects of design have been came out. So we carried out this research to minimize the adverse effect of design and also we would like to give the opportunity of thinking of a new way to activate local economy, to create regional identity and to develop local resources by applying the Cl program which have bean used as the way of business improvement coping with the conceptional change of competitiveness with a comprehensive view. Therefore, for design to play an important role in regional development, as standing on the basis of regional development it is necessary to attain the various goals such as activating administrative organization, improving the administrative image, and making the local in go unique. And also it is necessary to develop the communicational strategy as an innovative and expressive program which can consider human network development as an regional resource. To carry out this communicational strategy effectively, in particular, it is not only inevitable to operate the strategic and comprehensive programs promoting the regional development according to the of 6 stages design develop cent program which consists of region's self-verification and self-recognition, self-determination, development of self-innovation, visibility to unify the regional images, creating the design system, and carrying out and verifying the program, but also it is necessary to apply regional development system which can change the regional basic plan, aiming at regional development, into unique regional trait that has an future image by improving the program with constant management and feedback through verifying the design program.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.163-170
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• 2002

Virtual Reality is the technique which makes the man experience the similar interaction behavior to the experience in the real world through virtual space. The users participating in the 3D virtual space using virtual reality technique can have the various experiences in the space desired without restrictions on time and space and then it has been applied in many application areas such as video industry, entertainment simulator, medical treatment, construction and design. The area of video among them has been highlighted as a high-added value industry. Therefore this study classifies video industry into four including movie, broadcasting, advertisement and internet and is to examine their characteristics, application cases and developmental potential. In the industry using virtual reality technique in video industry, it is implied for special elect in the area of movie and for providing the various graphic virtual word to audiences with the introduction of virtual studio and character in the area of broadcasting. It can give audiences a synergy effect by inserting 3D advertisement into virtual space in the area of advertisement. Also the implementation of 3D virtual reality such as virtual museum, virtual model house, virtual home shopping and entertainment on the web is possible with the emergence of Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and it plays the roles of more entertainments. Accordingly, this study is to seek the application methods using virtual reality technique in video industry.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.171-180
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• 2020

Smart Factory consists of digital automation solutions throughout the production process, including design, development, manufacturing and distribution, and it is an intelligent factory that installs IoT in its internal facilities and machines to collect process data in real time and analyze them so that it can control itself. The smart factory's equipment works in a physical combination of numerous hardware, rather than a virtual character being driven by a single object, such as a game. In other words, for a specific common goal, multiple devices must perform individual actions simultaneously. By taking advantage of the smart factory, which can collect process data in real time, if reinforcement learning is used instead of general machine learning, behavior control can be performed without the required training data. However, in the real world, it is impossible to learn more than tens of millions of iterations due to physical wear and time. Thus, this paper uses simulators to develop grid sortation systems focusing on transport facilities, one of the complex environments in smart factory field, and design cooperative multi-agent-based reinforcement learning to demonstrate efficient behavior control.