• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.271-282
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrated pig slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer on the growth and yield of chinese cabbage. The experiment was conducted in a rain-shelter house which was installed in the agriculture farm. Plants were fertilized with concentrated slurry (CS), byproduct fertilizer (BF), mixture of concentrated slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer (CS+BF), combined organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+BF) and chemical fertilizer (CF) as control. 1. The pH level of byproduct liquid was decreased from the 3rd to the 7th day and increased 9 day to 14th day, but pH of concentrated slurry (CS) was not greatly varied. EC of concentrated slurry (CS) and byproduct liquid was increased gradually during the fermentation. 2. The concentrated slurry (CS) was low in phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, rich in potassium and unbalanced as a low nitrogen and high potassium. But byproduct liquid fertilizer was balanced in nitrogen and potassium ratio. 3. The leaf number, head height, head width of chinese cabbage in treatment with organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) showed significant difference compared with control. The plant and head weight of chinese cabbage in treatment of concentrated slurry was severely decreased, but that in treatment organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) were increased 8, 10% compared with control chemical fertilizer (CF), respectively. 4. The content of $K_2O$ in plant tissue and in soil was increased after using concentrated slurry. On the other hand, mineral content of except $K_2O$ did not differ significantly between any of the treatments. In conclusion, organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) could improve growth and head weight of chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1999

Nutrient balance during rice cultivation in the paddy of a local area under the environmental protection for drinking water supply was investigated. To compare nutrient balance in the paddy soil applied with different types of fertilization, 7 treatments were selected as followings : Recommended level of chemical fertilizers(R), Conventional fertilization(CF), Fresh cow manure(FCM), Cow manure compost(CMC), Straw compost+reduced chemical fertilizer(SCF), Fresh straw+recommended level of fertilizers(FSC), and no fertilization as control(C). Here, FCM, CMC and SCF were applied at the same level of total nitrogen as recommended in R. Rice yield was the highest in the recommendation(R) and fresh cow manure (FCM) treatments with $6,730kg\;ha^{-1}$(index 100), and followed by SCF (index 98), FSC (index 98), CMC(index 94), and CF(index 94). But statistically significant difference was not recognized among treatments except the control. Nitrogen infiltration loss was high in the simple chemical fertilizer treatments with $63kg\;ha^{-1}$ in CF and $58kg\;ha^{-1}$ in R during rice cultivation, respectively. Nitrogen infiltration loss was decreased below half level of chemical fertilizer treatments with cow manure treatments ($23kg\;ha^{-1}$ in FCM and $27kg\;ha^{-1}$ in CMC) and with reducing chemical fertilizer treatment by adding straw compost ($25kg\;ha^{-1}$). Phosphate was not leached during rice cultivation in paddy soil of a fluvial deposit type, in which oxidation horizon was developed broadly under around 15 cm depth of surface soil. Phosphate balance (A-B) was closed to 0 in all treatments except cow manure treatment (CMC), in which it was $+30kg\;ha^{-1}$ and show the possibility of over accumulation of phosphate by continuously replicated application of cow manure compost. Potassium balance was negative value in all but straw recycling treatment (FSC). It means that potassium was continuously supplied from soil minerals, uptaken by plants or eluted out of soil. In conclusion, by substituting inorganic fertilizer for organic fertilizer or reducing application rate of chemical fertilizer through mixing organic fertilizer, it would be possible to achieve the same rice yield as in the recommendation treatment and to decrease nutrient leaching below half level in rice paddy soil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

This research examined the effects of different liquid manure based anaerobic digestate on the growth and yield of rice compared to chemical fertilizer. The liquid manure was produced by aerobic fermentation from swine with cow or apple pomace anaerobic digestate and treated at different concentrations. The number of grains per panicle increased in both the liquid manure-treated and chemical fertilizer treated rice. The yield index did not vary significantly between the liquid manure and chemical fertilizer. An increased concentration of liquid manure did not correlate with increases in unhulled rice. However, pH and exchangeable K in the soil increased with an increase in liquid manure. In summary, we suggest a properly applied 100% liquid manure fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizer to reduce our excessive use of inorganic fertilizer.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

Poultry manure compost (PMC) as the organic fertilizer sources has a high nutrient content such as nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, and its properties been affected by bulking agent. This study was conducted to evaluate properties of mixed organic fertilizer (MOF) containing PMC composting with sawdust and peat moss as bulking agent, and to measure a characteristics of plant growth by their application. The MOF containing 10~30 % PMC had a coincidency with its guideline in Korea. As applied with MOF containing PMC composting with sawdust (PMCS) or MOF containing PMC composting with peat moss (PMCP), dry weight of plant was increased in MOF treatments blending with 10~30 % PMCS or 10~30 % PMCP. In correlation coefficient between blending ratio of PMC in MOFs and plant growth indexes, PMCS was not significantly different, but its PMCP a positive effect (P<0.05). These results indicated that PMC was able to blend about 10~30 % as mixed organic fertilizer source, and its application increased in plant growth.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 2003

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate effect by split-application of slow-release fertilizer on the tea plant. The yield of the 2nd harvested tea leaves was not different to the slow-release fertilizer of two time split manuring had been doing Sep. or Mar. compared with the traditional manuring had been doing four time split manuring, but that of the slow-release fertilizer to one time split manuring in Sep. had decreased $12.5{\pm}1.5%$. In case of the 2nd harvested leave, the contents of chemical components related to quality such as total nitrogen, total amino acid were somewhat higher in the slow-release fertilizer (two time split manuring) than in the traditional manuring, but those of tannin, and caffeine were low, and those of chlorophyll, vitamin C, free sugar and theanine were not different to out of treatments. In scoring test, appearance and quality of green tea were more excellence in the two time split manuring compared with one time split manuring of slow-release fertilizer and with the traditional manuring (four time split manuring). Therefore, I thought that use of slow-release fertilizer be increased yield and quality of tea leaves, and improved efficiency nature of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium out of soil fertilizer components.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.290-295
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• 2002

Fertilizer granulation test was carried out by a small pan granulator. A premixture composed of SOP 60%, urea 22% and RP powder 18% was rolled in the pan granulator while 10% phosphoric acid solution(binder) was sprayed on the rolling powder bed. Granules were developed very fast along with a little amount of binder. Hardness, brittle ratio in water and hygroscopicity of granules were improved enough to evaluate physical properties of the fertilizer. Growth responses of tobacco plant to the fertilizer were investigated at seedling and flowering stage by pot experiment under plastic film roof. Seedlings showed poor growth at nursery pot cell. In virgin soil with deficient available phosphate tobacco plant showed poor growth until budding and flowering stage but good growth in tillage soil with high cumulative phosphate.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the change of rhizosphere microflora in paddy soils of long-term application of same fertilizer by single cropping. Treatments consisted of no fertilizer, NPK, PK, NK, NP and NPK + compost and the same fertilizer has been applied to the soil of each treatment for thirty five years. Any remarkable difference of the microbial population structure was not detected from the rhizosphere of Hwayeongbyeo and that of Hwasambyeo. However, slight difference of dominant microbial species in the rhizosphere was recognized between different fertilization practice. The bacterial population in the rhizosphere was steadily reduced over time after rice plant setting out, while actinomycetal population was increased over time. The increase of actinomycetal population was the highest in the NPK + compost treatment, suggesting the effect of organic matters in the change of actinomycetal population. As for the aerobic culturable bacterial diversity, Bacillus megaterium, B. mycoides, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis were dominants in genus Bacillus, and Streptomyces spororaveus, S. canus, S. tauricus and S. galbus in genus Streptomyces and genus Micromonospora was another dominant in actinomycetes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 1995

The effects of a simultaneous application of KCl and lime on the root uptake of $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co,\;^{85}Sr\;and\;^{137}Cs$ by rice, soybean, Chinese cabbage and radish were investigated through 2 years' greenhouse experiments. At their early growth stages, a mixed solution of the radionuclides was applied to the water or soil surfaces of the culture boxes filled with an acidic loamy-sandy soil for the upper 20cm and $83g/m^2$ of fertilizer KCl and $200g/m^2$ of slake lime were applied to the surfaces. Distribution of radioactivities among plant parts and change in uptake pattern with plant species were not, on the whole, significantly affected by the application. It reduced effectively soil-to-plant transfer factors of $^{85}Sr\;and\;^{137}Cs$ for rice, of all for Chinese cabbage and of $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co,\;and\;^{137}Cs$ for radish without their growth inhibition. In rice, $^{85}Sr$ showed the highest decrease $({\sim}60%)$ while, in Chinese cabbage and radish, $^{54}Mn$ did $({\sim}80%)$. The exprimental results can become valuable reference data to establish countermeasures against a radioactive contamination of farm-land during plant growth.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.610-615
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate fertigation effects of pig slurry (PS) and chemical fertilizer (CF) in tomato by analyzing the growth and yield, nutrient content and uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and soil characteristics in greenhouse cultivation. The treatments compared were; no-fertilizer, two different levels of PS (26 mg $L^{-1}$ and 52 mg $L^{-1}$), and a control treatment of chemical fertilizer. There was no significant difference in growth and yield between PS and CF treatments. however, yield reduction was observed in PS 26 mg $L^{-1}$ treatment. The N-utilization efficiency in CF treatment was similar to that of PS 52 mg $L^{-1}$ treatment. Nutrient utilization efficiency decreased in order of potassium (K), nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) with 29.2~43.3% in K, 15.8~36.7% in N, and 3.0~6.3% in P. In soil chemical characteristics, soil pH in PS treatment was higher than in CF treatment. In contrast, nitrate content in soil was higher in CF treatment than in PS treatment. The content of exchangeable K in soil was higher in PS and CF 52 mg $L^{-1}$ treatments. There was no significant difference in exchangeable Ca and Mg among those treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that chemical fertilizers can be substituted by PS based on soil chemical analysis in tomato fertigation culture.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Organic fertilizers in watermelon cultivation are widely used to supply nutrient and organic matter. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of application rate of organic fertilizer on the watermelon growth and soil chemical properties in greenhouse METHODS AND RESULTS: The organic fertilizers used in this experiment were mixed expeller cake (MEC) and mixed organic fertilizer (MOF). The treatments were conducted with 4 levels (1.0 N, 0.7 N, 0.5 N and 0.3 N) on the basis of soil testing nitrogen fertilization (STNF) using MEC or MOF as the basal dressing, and using chemical fertilizers (CF) as the additional dressing on the rest of STNF. These fertilizations were compared to CF 1.0 N (0.3 N as the basal and 0.7 N as the additional dressing) and non fertilization (NF). The leaf area of watermelon in treatment 0.5 N and 0.3 N using MEC or MOF was similar to CF treatment. The absorbed nutrient amounts by leaf, weight and sugar contents of fruit in the 0.5 N and 0.3 N treatments were higher than other treatments. In 0.5 N and 0.3 N treatments using MEC or MOF on the basis of STNF, soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable K concentrations after experiment showed tendency to decreasing or similar level before experiment. CONCLUSION(s): These results suggest that the MEC or MOF application as the basal dressing at the 30~50% level of STNF and CF application as the additional dressing on the rest of STNF be best to maintain adequate nutrient of soil and to increase marketable yield for watermelon.