• Title/Summary/Keyword: 카드 유형

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Algorithm for Correcting Error in Smart Card Data Using Bus Information System Data (버스정보시스템 데이터를 활용한 교통카드 정류장 정보 오류 보정 알고리즘)

  • Hye Inn Song;Hwa Jeong Tak;Kang Won Shin;Sang Hoon Son
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.131-146
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    • 2023
  • Smart card data is widely used in the public transportation field. Despite the inevitability of various errors occur during the data collection and storage; however, smart card data errors have not been extensively studied. This paper investigates inherent errors in boarding and alighting station information in smart card data. A comparison smart card data and bus boarding and alighting survey data for the same time frame shows that boarding station names differ by 6.2% between the two data sets. This indicates that the error rate of smart card data is 6.2% in terms of boarding station information, given that bus boarding and alighting survey data can be considered as ground truth. This paper propose 6-step algorithm for correcting errors in smart card boarding station information, linking them to corresponding information in Bus Information System(BIS) Data. Comparing BIS data and bus boarding and alighting survey data for the same time frame reveals that boarding station names correspond by 98.3% between the two data sets, indicating that BIS data can be used as reliable reference for ground truth. To evaluate its performance, applying the 6-step algorithm proposed in this paper to smart card data set shows that the error rate of boarding station information is reduced from 6.2% to 1.0%, resulting in a 5.2%p improvement in the accuracy of smart card data. It is expected that the proposed algorithm will enhance the process of adjusting bus routes and making decisions related to public transportation infrastructure investments.

Comparative Analysis of ViSCa Platform-based Mobile Payment Service with other Cases (스마트카드 가상화(ViSCa) 플랫폼 기반 모바일 결제 서비스 제안 및 타 사례와의 비교분석)

  • Lee, June-Yeop;Lee, Kyoung-Jun
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.163-178
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    • 2014
  • Following research proposes "Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa)" which is a security system that aims to provide a multi-device platform for the deployment of services that require a strong security protocol, both for the access & authentication and execution of its applications and focuses on analyzing Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service by comparing with other similar cases. At the present day, the appearance of new ICT, the diffusion of new user devices (such as smartphones, tablet PC, and so on) and the growth of internet penetration rate are creating many world-shaking services yet in the most of these applications' private information has to be shared, which means that security breaches and illegal access to that information are real threats that have to be solved. Also mobile payment service is, one of the innovative services, has same issues which are real threats for users because mobile payment service sometimes requires user identification, an authentication procedure and confidential data sharing. Thus, an extra layer of security is needed in their communication and execution protocols. The Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa), concept is a holistic approach and centralized management for a security system that pursues to provide a ubiquitous multi-device platform for the arrangement of mobile payment services that demand a powerful security protocol, both for the access & authentication and execution of its applications. In this sense, Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) offers full interoperability and full access from any user device without any loss of security. The concept prevents possible attacks by third parties, guaranteeing the confidentiality of personal data, bank accounts or private financial information. The Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) concept is split in two different phases: the execution of the user authentication protocol on the user device and the cloud architecture that executes the secure application. Thus, the secure service access is guaranteed at anytime, anywhere and through any device supporting previously required security mechanisms. The security level is improved by using virtualization technology in the cloud. This virtualization technology is used terminal virtualization to virtualize smart card hardware and thrive to manage virtualized smart cards as a whole, through mobile cloud technology in Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service. This entire process is referred to as Smart Card as a Service (SCaaS). Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service virtualizes smart card, which is used as payment mean, and loads it in to the mobile cloud. Authentication takes place through application and helps log on to mobile cloud and chooses one of virtualized smart card as a payment method. To decide the scope of the research, which is comparing Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service with other similar cases, we categorized the prior researches' mobile payment service groups into distinct feature and service type. Both groups store credit card's data in the mobile device and settle the payment process at the offline market. By the location where the electronic financial transaction information (data) is stored, the groups can be categorized into two main service types. First is "App Method" which loads the data in the server connected to the application. Second "Mobile Card Method" stores its data in the Integrated Circuit (IC) chip, which holds financial transaction data, which is inbuilt in the mobile device secure element (SE). Through prior researches on accept factors of mobile payment service and its market environment, we came up with six key factors of comparative analysis which are economic, generality, security, convenience(ease of use), applicability and efficiency. Within the chosen group, we compared and analyzed the selected cases and Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service.

A Study on Type of Location Characteristics of Transfer Stations Using Data on Traffic Cards - Focused on Daegu City - (교통카드자료를 이용한 환승정류장의 유형별 입지특성에 관한 연구 - 대구시를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Ki-Hyuk;Lee, Seung-Cheol
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.4D
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    • pp.519-526
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    • 2011
  • In this study, the characteristics of transfer station are analyzed using the data of public transportation. The traffic card of Daegu does not include boarding information. The boarding data are calculated using traffic card data and the BMS data. It is found that transfer has increased by the distance from CBD and the numbers of routes, and decresed by the waiting time. Oneway ANNOVA are carried out to find the optimal number of clusters. Three clusters are chosen in this study. The center of the first cluster shows 2.99, so it has a characteristic of CBD. The second is 6.73, the outskirts of town, and the third is 12.78, the outlying areas.

Investigation of elementary teachers' perspectives on science inquiry teaching (과학 탐구 지도에 대한 초등학교 교사들의 인식 조사)

  • Jeon, Kyungmoon
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.267-277
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    • 2015
  • This study explored elementary school teachers' perspectives on science inquiry teaching. First, an open-ended questionnaire was administered to elicit teachers' experiences of their approach to inquiry teaching. These self-reported approaches revealed three conceptions of teaching for inquiry learning in science: 'science process skills-centered' category focused on observing, classifying, measuring, and fair testing; 'generating scientific questions' category focused on students' question-generating; and 'illustrate concept and/or content' category focused on science content demonstration by making use of experimental procedures to obtain expected results. Second, teachers were asked to place 18 activity cards either close to or further from an 'inquiry-based science classroom' card. The relative distances from the activity card to the central classroom card were measured. The teachers perceived that students' activity of 'designing and implementing appropriate procedures' was the most important in supporting an inquiry-based science classroom. Understanding teachers' views has implications for both the enactment of inquiry teaching in the classroom as well as the uptake of new teaching behaviors during professional development.

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A Model of Storytelling Board Game based on Motif (모티프를 활용한 스토리텔링 보드 게임 개발)

  • Ahn, Jin-kyoung;Park, Hyoung-eun
    • Journal of Korea Game Society
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to propose a storytelling board game model using cards, focusing on motif theory illustrated at , a type of software that supports story-making. First, the study categorizes storytelling board games into 4 types, then sets a development objective. Furthermore, after creating a 205 types of motif cards according to motif categorizing system, the study presents development model of both basic and expansion mode. The study aims to verify its game characteristics and elaborate its model through focus group tests henceforth.

국내 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 전자결제 유형 분석

  • Yun, Myeong-Gil
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.4
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    • pp.87-109
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    • 1999
  • 국내의 인터넷 쇼핑몰 운영업체는 일부 업체를 제외하고 영세하다. 따라서 수많은 문제점을 안고 있다. 특히, 소비자가 상품을 구매한 후 발생되는 전자결제의 문제점으로 인터넷 쇼핑몰업체뿐만 아니라 전체 전자상거래시장의 활성화에 반하는 일도 발생한다. 따라서 전자결제의 문제점을 도출하고, 이의 분석을 통한 전체 전자상거래시장의 활성화에 일조하고자 한다. 먼저, 운영업체 자체의 문제점을 도출한다면, 국내 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 영세성으로 인한 투자자금의 부족, 신용카드회사에서 영세 인터넷 쇼핑몰에 고율의 카드수수료를 부과, 중소 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 신뢰성의 문제 등이 있다. 두번째로, 외부 환경적인 측면에서 보면, 표준화와 보안문제, 전자결제시 소비자가 편리하게 결제를 할 수 있도록 배려함이 부족, 소비자의 전자상거래에 대한 인식부족 등이 있다. 운영업체 자체의 대응방안과 외부 환경적인 측면의 대응방안으로 구분하면 다음과 같다. 즉, 운영업체 자체의 대음방안은 공동화와 협업화, 소비자에 대한 신뢰성 회복 등이 있고, 두번째로, 외부 환경적인 측면에서의 대응방안은 전자상거래 요소기술개발 촉진, 불합리한 거래관행의 지도가 필요, 표준화와 인증제도의 정착화가 조속화, 소비자인식의 전환을 위한 노력의 필요성 등이 있다.

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Efficient Token-Update scheme for Site Authentication (효율적인 토큰 업데이트를 이용한 인증 기술에 관한 연구)

  • ;Lee, Joung-Ho;Jang, Injoo;Yoo, Hyeong-Seon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2005.07a
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    • pp.217-219
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 사이트 인증을 위해 효율적으로 토큰을 업데이트하여 등록된 사용자만을 대상으로 인증하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 일반적인 OTP(one-time password)와 스마트카드를 이용한 인증은 다양한 공격에서 서버와 클라이언트를 보호하는데 사용이 되고 있으며, KIC(key information center)를 통해 서버와 클라이언트를 상호 인증을 한다. 제안하고 있는 기법에서 KIC를 거치지 않고 대체 사용이 가능한 컴퓨터 안에 있는 랜 카드의 고유한 값인 맥(media access control) 주소와 난수를 사용하여 토큰을 업데이트하는 방법은 사이트 인증에 매우 효율적인 알고리즘이다.

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An Analysis on the Equity of Public Transit Service using Smart Card Data in Seoul, Korea - Focused on the Mobility of the Disadvantaged Population Groups - (스마트카드 자료를 활용한 서울시 대중교통 서비스 형평성 분석 - 취약계층 유형별 이동성을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Hojun;Ha, Jaehyun;Lee, Sugie
    • Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.101-113
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    • 2017
  • This study examines the mobility of the disadvantaged population groups in terms of public transportation using the 2014 smart card data in Seoul, Korea. Particularly, we focus on the disadvantaged population such as senior group, junior group, and low-income population group. Based on the spatial distributions of public transportation mobility levels and the disadvantaged population groups, we identify specific areas where public transportation service should be improved for the disadvantaged population. As a result, we identify 15 administrative-dongs where the ratio of the disadvantaged population is high while the mobility index of public transit is low. The main contributions of this study are as follows. First, we use the smart card data which contains the information of actual trip made by individuals and develop the evaluation process of urban mobility for the disadvantaged population groups. Second, we identify the specific areas where public transportation service should be improved for the different group of the disadvantaged population. Lastly, we discuss policy implications to improve the urban mobility of the disadvantaged population.

A Study on the Structure and Characteristics of Presidential Records (대통령기록의 구조와 특징에 관한 연구 e지원시스템 생산기록(기록관리비서관실)을 중심으로)

  • Yang, Inho
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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    • no.79
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    • pp.231-270
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    • 2024
  • The purpose of this study is to propose a record service based on the characteristics and production context of presidential records. To this end, we first looked at the design direction and characteristics of the e-jiwon system and then analyzed the structure and characteristics of records produced by the e-jiwon system. There are six types of records to be analyzed: e-jiwon document card, memo, schedule, diary, instruction card, and individual business system_speech DB. Next, through analysis of the Presidential Records Portal's records service, it was pointed out that the current records service does not fully reveal the production context and characteristics of records. Accordingly, as a service strategy based on the characteristics and context of presidential records, a service centered on each record card (e-jiwon document card, etc.) and a service that focuses on structural understanding of records and linkage between records were proposed.