• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2023

Ground excavation inevitably causes ground displacement of adjacent ground, and structures and facilities exposed to ground displacement may suffer various damages. Therefore, in order to minimize the damage and damage to adjacent structures and facilities caused by excavation, ground displacement (settlement and horizontal displacement) in the adjacent ground caused by excavation must first be predicted. There is many ground displacement information induced by general braced cut excavation, but the information is not enough for circular shaft excavation. This study aims to provide information on the estimation of ground settlement caused by circular shaft excavation through the case analysis of circular shafts and comparison with braced cut excavation. From this study, it was found that the use of the settlement criterion of braced cut excavation as the settlement management criterion for circular shaft excavation is a conservative approach in terms of safety. But when considering the economic aspect, it may result in overdesign of the wall and therefore, a more reasonable settlement criterion can be needed for circular shaft excavation.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.15 no.3 s.56
• /
• pp.195-212
• /
• 2005

Surface subsidence which occurs with several reasons, such as collapse of gangway, discharge of groundwater, compaction of weak rock mass, and tunnel excavation in shallow depth, gives rise to a serious problem in national infra-structures. In this study, therefore, the mechanism of subsidence has been examined numerically to overcome the passive approach on subsidence occurrence area. With many kinds of numerical studies, the major geotechnical parameters have been selected and the weighted values have been defined for each parameters. Also the authors developed the numerical program which can estimate the possibility of subsidence occurrence, and proposed the decision method for objective and quantitative guideline. It is anticipated that this research will be helpful to establish the hazard map on subsidence region.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2017

In this study, a new quantitative instrumentation and measurement standards applicable to the field of mining has been proposed to improve the problems of the current measurement practices that apply the measuring standards of the civil engineering field (road, railway, etc.). With the data coordination of the mine reclamation corporation, we collected data on ground subsidence in the abandoned mine area, and studied various techniques for establishing a new management reference value based on the manual measurement data measured in the field. As a result, new instrumentation and measurement standards is set up and proposed by using statistics like the average value, the third quartile, the 95% confidence, and the maximum value.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.58-58
• /
• 2020

최근 급속한 지하공간의 개발로 인해 도로함몰 등 지반침하가 지속적으로 발생되어 이에 대한 안전문제가 끊임없이 제기됨에 따라, 원인규명 및 대책방안을 두고 다양한 조사 및 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 지하개발 시 필연적으로 발생하는 유출지하수 내 지하수와 함께 토사가 유출될 경우 지반함몰이나 붕괴로 이어져 대규모 재해가 발생할 수 있기 때문에 현장에서 계측되는 데이터를 통해 사전에 지반침하를 감지할 수 있는 경보 시스템이 마련될 필요가 있으며, 이에 대한 기술개발과 관리기준의 변화가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 현재 지하공간 개발 시 적용되는 지하수 관리 매뉴얼 중 가장 중요한 부분인 계측관리 부분에 관해 문제점을 분석하고 이를 보완하기 위한 계측 관리 및 행정 절차의 문제점을 개선하고자 한다. 지중에서 발생하는 토립자의 이동, 공동발생 및 지반함몰의 거동은 근본적으로 지하수의 이동에 의해 필연적으로 발생되며, 그 규모는 유출지하수량의 발생규모와 상관성이 높게 분석되었다. 계측 관리의 문제를 보완하기 위하여 첫 번째로 지중 굴착 시 계측되는 유출지하수와 지하수위를 연계하여 분석하여 기준을 마련하였고, 추가로 지하수 내 탁도 값을 측정하여 이를 더하여 서로간 상관성 분석을 통해 기존 지하수위 계측자료의 관리기준을 보완하였으며, 최종적으로 현장에서의 계측된 데이터를 통해 지반침하를 사전에 예측할 수 있다. 계측된 데이터의 분석결과 위험도가 감지될 경우 공동발생의 방지 및 복구에 관한 방안이 제시되며, 문제 발생 지점의 범위를 국한하여 신속하고, 경제적으로 해결해 나갈 수 있다. 이를 위해 현행 지하수법의 개선과 행정적 절차가 보완되어야 할 필요가 있다. 이러한 지하공간 개발 시 지하수 관리의 개선으로 사전에 지반침하를 예측 할 수 있고, 이를 통해 재해를 미연에 방지할 뿐만 아니라 건설산업 현장의 스마트 관리체계를 구성하여 미래 지향적인 토목현장 및 국민에 대한 신뢰도를 재고 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.354-362
• /
• 2015

Since allowable settlement of concrete slab track is about 30mm, a lot of attention must be paid to the settlement of the earthwork (reinforced trackbed, upper subgrade, under subgrade) under the concrete track. To this end, more experimental data should be accumulated through tests for these materials. In this study, we evaluate the long-term settlement of reinforced trackbed and subgrade materials using factors such as repeated loading conditions, water content, and grain size distributions in a large triaxial test and a large oedometer test. In cases in which the performance of the reinforced trackbed layer meets the design criteria, the settlement caused by train load was considerably small. But, when the water content increases in the subgrade, unexpectedly large settlement might occur for certain grain size distributions of the subgrade materials.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.120-129
• /
• 2013

It is important to measure the displacement behind and ahead of a tunnel face during construction for evaluating mechanical stability by comparing it to a displacement criteria set by tunnel designers. The 30 m long horizontal inclinometer was installed frontward from the tunnel face and the displacement occurred ahead of a tunnel face during excavation was measured by using it. Tunnel arch settlements behind tunnel face were surveyed using a settlement pins on the arch. So total settlement and longitudinal displacement curve were obtained combining settlement measured by both the horizontal inclinometer ahead of tunnel face and the settlement pins behind the tunnel face.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2013

Graphical method has been widely applied to the prediction of subsidence area, and is known to have advantages in analysis of trough subsidence which is common in horizontally seamed mine area. However, it is reported that most of the ore bodies in Korea are geologically inclined from sub-horizontal to steep, and therefore, the sinkhole subsidence is frequent in abandoned mine area. For these reasons, it is not to be desired that graphical method is applied for predicting the subsidence occurrence. This paper describes the results of subsidence zone prediction considering the dip direction and the opposite direction of inclined ore bodies from the case studies on the 163 subsidence occurrence regions. The results show also the assumed angle which can define the range of subsidence in the surface area. In conclusion, the limit of this angle is suggested after taking into account the comparison with graphical method and the application to the case histories.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.415-424
• /
• 2010

A prototype of a Concrete-Faced Rock-fill Dam (CFRD) was constructed to evaluate the behavior of the materials in each zone within the dam. The tested materials, selected based on their grain size distribution, were used in constructing the prototype dam with layers of variable thickness, settlement ratio, and water content. We investigated the suitability of various values of hydraulic conductivity, water content, dry unit weight, and settlement ratio for zones within the dam. The test results revealed the relationships between the number of passes and the dry unit weight, between the dry unit weight and the settlement ratio, and between the settlement ratio and the number of passes. This paper focuses on the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and the number of passes. The results of the present analysis could be used to establish reasonable compaction standards for materials used in dam construction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.2C
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2010

In planning underground roadway foundation on soft ground, deep cement mixing method (DCM) is employed. The proper mixing ratio using batch test and replacement rates that meet strength criteria are used for deep cement mixing column. Stiffness ratio and distance between deep cement mixing columns (C.T.C) are varied to find out influences on stress, displacement, and differential settlement. The replacement ratios that meet settlement criteria are 10~35%. As stiffness varies, stress reaches at 769.kPa that exceed criteria due to stress concentration when stiffness ratio difference is over 30. Also, when C.T.C is 5 m, stress spreads to soils, so C.T.C need to be considered carefully. The vertical displacement is 0.6~1.56 cm, and angular distortion is 1/909~1/510.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.295-306
• /
• 2021

This study used numerical modeling to investigate the stability of railway roadbed in areas with various underground cavities and rock conditions associated with mining activities. It compared combined loads from both passenger and freight trains with loads from only passenger trains. Stability was assessed with reference to the Korean government standards for railway subsidence allowance and railway warping repair. Sufficient stability regarding the railway subsidence allowance standard was not achieved when cavities were at depths of <5 m. The criteria for requiring railway warping repair were met when cavities were at depths of <15 m, depending on the rock fracture condition. This study provides the first report on systematic analysis land subsidence related to cavity size and rock fracture conditions associated with mining activities. We expect that this study could serve as an important reference for railway construction in mining areas.