• Title/Summary/Keyword: 침엽수림

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Soil Moisture Monitoring in Conifer Forest (침엽수 산림에서의 토양수분 모니터링)

  • Hong, Eun-Mi;Choi, Jin-Yong;Yoo, Seung-Hwan;Nam, Won-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.635-640
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 침엽수 산림에서 토양수분 변화를 모니터링하고 이를 분석하기 위하여 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 태화산 학술림의 잣나무 조림지에 FDR (Frequency Domain Reflection) 토양수분측정장치와 지온센서 등을 설치하였다. 이와 같이 설치한 센서를 이용하여 2008년 4월부터 9월까지 토양수분 자료를 수집하였으며, 경기도 광주시 모현면의 AWS의 기상자료를 이용하여 증발산량, 강우량과 토양수분의 연관성을 분석하였다. 토양수분 모니터링 자료를 활용하여 산림에서의 깊이별, 계절별 토양수분 소비 패턴을 분석하였으며, 토양수분 모니터링 자료 및 강수량 자료를 이용하여 물수지법에 의한 증발산량을 산정하여 제시하였다.

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Analysis of Fuel Moisture Contents Change after Precipitation at Pine Forests during the Autumn (가을철 소나무림에서의 강우 후 연료습도 변화분석)

  • Kwon, Chun-Geun;Lee, Si-Young;Lee, Myung-Woog;Lee, Hae-Pyeong
    • 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.02a
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    • pp.71.2-71.2
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    • 2010
  • 가을철 산불조심기간 중 영동지방 침엽수림에 대하여 임분밀도별 낙엽층, 부식층, 토양 상 하층에 대하여 연료습도 변화를 실측한 결과 낙엽층의 경우 소임분은 3일차 되는날 산불 초기 발화위험성이 나타났으며, 부식층의 경우 강우 익일 후 145-180%의 높은 연료습도를 보이고 있었으며, 소임분은 강우 후 6일차가 되어도 약 47%, 중 밀임분의 경우 60% 이상의 연료습도를 보이고 있어 산불 초기 발화위험성은 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 토양 1층의 경우 강우 익일에는 30%-42%의 연료습도를 나타냈고, 6일 후에도 20% 이상의 연료습도를 유지하고 있는 반면, 토양 2층의 경우는 임분밀도, 시간경과와는 거의 상관없이 일정한 연료습도를 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

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호산성 방선균과 내중성 방선균

  • 강희일
    • The Microorganisms and Industry
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.2-7
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    • 1989
  • Waksman과 Heinrich(1943)에 의해 Streptomyces속이 기술되고 actinomycin, streptomycin등의 많은 항생물질이 발견되면서 방선균(actinomycetes)은 산업적으로 중요한 미생물이 되어 왔으며, 근래에는 항생물질 뿐만 아니라 효소, 효소저해제, 면역조절물질 등 소위 생리활성물질(bioactive compound)의 생산균으로서 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 지금까지 대부분의 스크리닝이나 연구의 대상은 주로 중성 pH에서 잘 자라는 호중성 방선균(neutrophilic actionmycetes)이었지만 산성이나 알칼리성 토양, 고온, 고열, 고압 등과 같은 특수환경에서 분리된 균주나 희귀 방선균(rare actinomyces)에 대한 관심도 점점 높아지고 있다. 산성 토양에서 분리된 방선균에 관한 연구는 Jensen(1928)의 연구로부터 시작하였지만 Lonsdale(1985)이 침엽수림, 산성탄광 등에서 분리된 방선균을 수리분류할 때까지 활발하게 이루어지지 못하였다. 본 고에서는 호산성 방선균위 분포, 생리적 특성, 수리분류학적 연구, 화학적 분류(chemotaxonomy), 산업적 응용가능성 등을 살펴보고자 한다.

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The Gradient Variation of Thermal Environments on the Park Woodland Edge in Summer - A Study of Hadongsongrim and Hamyangsangrim - (여름철 공원 수림지 가장자리의 온열환경 기울기 변화 - 하동송림과 함양상림을 대상으로 -)

  • Ryu, Nam-Hyong;Lee, Chun-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.73-85
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    • 2015
  • This study investigated the extent and magnitude of the woodland edge effects on users' thermal environments according to distance from woodland border. A series of experiments to measure air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, MRT and UTCI were conducted over six days between July 31 and August 5, 2015, which corresponded with extremely hot weather, at the south-facing edge of Hadongsongrim(pure Pinus densiflora stands, tree age: $100{\pm}33yr$, tree height: $12.8{\pm}2.7m$, canopy closure: 75%, N $35^{\circ}03^{\prime}34.7^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, E $127^{\circ}44^{\prime}43.3^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, elevation 7~10m) and east-facing edge of Hamyangsangrim (Quercus serrata-Carpinus tschonoskii community, tree age: 102~125yr/58~123yr, tree height: tree layer $18.6{\pm}2.3m/subtree$ layer $5.9{\pm}3.2m/shrub$ layer $0.5{\pm}0.5m$, herbaceous layer coverage ratio 60%, canopy closure: 96%, N $35^{\circ}31^{\prime}28.1^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, E $127^{\circ}43^{\prime}09.8^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, elevation 170~180m) in rural villages of Hadong and Hamyang, Korea. The minus result value of depth means woodland's outside. The depth of edge influence(DEI) on the maximum air temperature, minimum relative humidity and wind speed at maximum air temperature time during the daytime(10:00~17:00) were detected to be $12.7{\pm}4.9$, $15.8{\pm}9.8$ and $23.8{\pm}26.2m$, respectively, in the mature evergreen conifer woodland of Hadongsongrim. These were detected to be $3.7{\pm}2.2$, $4.9{\pm}4.4$ and $2.6{\pm}7.8m$, respectively, in the deciduous broadleaf woodland of Hamyansangrim. The DEI on the maximum 10 minutes average MRT, UTCI from the three-dimensional environment absorbed by the human-biometeorological reference person during the daytime(10:00~17:00) were detected to be $7.1{\pm}1.7$ and $4.3{\pm}4.6m$, respectively, in the relatively sparse woodland of Hadongsongrim. These were detected to be $5.8{\pm}4.9$ and $3.5{\pm}4.1m$, respectively, in the dense and closed woodland of Hadongsongrim. Edge effects on the thermal environments of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, MRT and UTCI in the sparse woodland of Hadongsongrim were less pronounced than those recorded in densed and closed woodland of Hamyansangrim. The gradient variation was less steep for maximum 10 minutes average UTCI with at least $4.3{\pm}4.6m$(Hadongsongrim) and $3.5{\pm}4.1m$(Hamyansangrim) being required to stabilize the UTCI at mature woodlands. Therefore it is suggested that the woodlands buffer widths based on the UTCI values should be 3.5~7.6 m(Hamyansangrim) and 4.3~8.9(Hadongsongrim) m on each side of mature woodlands for users' thermal comfort environments. The woodland edge structure should be multi-layered canopies and closed edge for the buffer effect of woodland edge on woodland users' thermal comfort.

Environmental Condition for the Butt-Rot of Conifers by Cauliflower Mushroom (Sparassis crispa) and Wood Quality of Larix kaempferi Damaged by the Fungus (꽃송이버섯에 의한 침엽수 심재부후 발생환경 및 낙엽송 피해목의 재질 특성)

  • Park, Hyun;Oh, Deuk-Sil;Ka, Kang Hyeon;Ryu, Sung-Ryul;Park, Joo-Saeng;Hwang, Jaehong;Park, Jun-Mo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.98 no.1
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    • pp.16-25
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    • 2009
  • Cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis crispa) is recently recognized as a new edible and/or medicinal mushroom cultivated with conifers. By the way, the mushroom is notorious as a brown-rot fungus that causes a buttrot of larch. So, there should be a careful consideration to apply the mushroom cultivation in coniferous stand. This study was conducted to clarify the seriousness of heartwood decay on conifers such as larch by cauliflower mushroom with surveying the mushroom producing environment and to examine whether the cultivation of cauliflower mushroom produce any problem in conifer stands or not. The mushroom occurred in various coniferous stands such as Larix kaempferi, Pinus koraiensis, P. densiflora and Abies holophylla on fertile soils with adequate moisture. Soil texture of the mushroom producing site was comparatively fine compared to general forest soils; sandy loam, loam and silty loam. Soil pH ranged from 4.6 to 5.2, and organic matter contents were 4~11%, which showed relatively wide range. We could find S. crispa by a DNA technique from the wood that seemed to have no heartwood decay by naked eyes. The damaged wood showed 30% higher moisture contents than that of sound wood, while the compressive strength was 30% lowered down compared to that of sound wood. The fungus may invade conifers through the scars occurred on roots or stems, in this case spore dispersion of the mushroom takes a great role. Thus, we concluded that forest tending activities need to be applied with considering the invasion of S. crispa, and cultivation of cauliflower mushroom in forest should be attempted very carefully. By the way, we also infer that conifer stands can be nurtured without heartwood decay by S. crispa if the stand be managed in good aeration conditions by proper silvicultural practices such as sanitary thinning.

Predicting the Effect of Climate Change on Forest Biomass by Different Ecoprovinces and Forest Types in Korea (기후변화에 따른 생태권역별·임상별 산림 바이오매스 변화량 예측)

  • Shin, Jin Young;Won, Myoung Soo;Kim, Kyongha;Shin, Man Yong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.119-129
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to predict the changes in forest biomass in different ecoprovinces and forest types under climate change scenario based on cumulative data (i.e., digital forest site and climate maps, National Forest Inventory data) and various prediction models. The results from this study showed that predicted changes over time in biomass varied according to ecoprovince and forest type in Korea. A reduction in biomass was predicted for all forest types associated with the mountain, southeastern hilly, and southwestern hilly ecoprovinces. On the other hand, the biomass was predicted to increase for the coniferous forest and mixed-forest types in the central hilly ecoprovince. Furthermore, increases in biomass are predicted for all forest types, except coniferous forests, in the coastal ecoprovince. The results from this study provide a basis for developing technology to predict forest impacts due to climate change by predicting changes in forest biomass based on the estimation of site index.

Estimation of Net Radiation in Three Different Plant Functional Types in Korea (한국의 세 개의 다른 식생기능형태에서의 순복사 추정)

  • Kwon, Hyo-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 2009
  • Net radiation ($R_N$) is a driving force of biological and physical processes between the surface and the atmosphere and its knowledge is critical to weather forecasting and water resource management. The measurement of $R_N$ is, however, scarce and it is typically estimated from an empirical relationship. This study presented two different methods of $R_N$ estimation over three major plant functional types (i.e., a deciduous forest, a coniferous forest, and a farmland) in Korea. One is a linear regression method between $R_N$ and solar radiation and the other is a radiation balance method. The two methods were examined using the data collected in 2008 at the three sites. Based on the linear regression method over a year, $R_N$ was 70% of the incoming shortwave radiation ($R_S{\downarrow}$) for a deciduous forest, 79% for a coniferous forest, and 64% for a farmland, indicating that the relationship was plant functional type-specific. For the radiation balance method, the inclusion of longwave radiation component slightly improved $R_N$ estimations. Overall, there was a good agreement between the observed and the estimated $R_N$ from both methods, indicating a reliable applicability of the two methods in estimating $R_N$.

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Disaster Occurrence and the Disaster-prone Zones on the Forest Roads in the Jeollabuk-do Area (전라북도 지역의 임도 재해발생 및 위험지 특성분석)

  • Park, Ji-hyuck;Park, Chong-Min
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.104 no.4
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    • pp.598-606
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    • 2015
  • This study analyzed the characteristics of the disaster occurrence and disaster-prone zones on the 85 forest roads in the Jeollabuk-do area by referring to their forest environment factors. The on-site survey reveal the types of forest road disasters as follows: erosions of cutting slopes 54.1%, erosions of the filling slope 35.3%, collapses of cutting slopes with filling slope 9.4%, and erosions of road surface 1.1%. Disasters most frequently occurred in the vertical location (the hillside) and the horizontal location (the slope), and the forest factors affecting the road disasters were degree of cutting slopes in $31^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$, degree of filling slopes in $21^{\circ}{\sim}30^{\circ}$, and the soil texture of SiL. The most significant factors on the most frequent occurrence of forest road disasters were forest type of coniferous, slope aspect northeast, forest age of plantation and felling area, and rainfall in 1601~1700. An analysis of the occurrence of the forest road disasters in the Jeollabuk-do area showed a positive correlative relationship with the following factors of the forest environment within a 1% error: degree of cutting slope in $31^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$, annual accumulation rainfall in 1601~1700. and showed a positive correlative relationship with the following factors of the forest environment within a 5% error: horizontal location of valley, forest type of coniferous, length of slope more than 20 m, forest age of plantation and felling area, soil texture of SiL.

Vegetation History since the Mid-Lateglacial from Yeongsan River Basin, Southwestern Korea (영산강 유역 범람원 퇴적물의 화분분석 연구)

  • Choi, Kee-Ryong;Kim, Ki-Heon;Kim, Jong-Won;Kim, Jong-Chan;Lee, Gi-Kil;Yang, Dong-Yoon;Nahm, Wook-Hyun
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2005
  • This study presents the Mid-Lateglacial vegetation history of southwestern Korea. From the result of AMS dating and pollen analysis, four local pollen assemblage zones(BS) were recognized. The four local pollen assemblage zones are BS 1. 12,222cal BC$\sim$9,160cal BC: cool-temperate northern/altimontane mixed coniferous & deciduous broad-leaved forest, BS 2. 9,160cal BC$\sim$ 4,210cal BC: cool-temperate central/montane deciduous broad-leaved forest, BS 3. 4,210cal BC$\sim$125cal BC: cool-Temperate southern/submontane mixed coniferous & deciduous broad-leaved forest. BS 4. BC125cal ${\sim}$present: warm-temperate/cool-temperate southern/submontane coniferous forest. Pine forest expanded since 4,210cal BC and full-scale rice cultivation might started since 2,120cal BC. A radical expansion of Pinus densiflora forest after postglacial stage might be caused by human impacts including full-scale agriculture.

Community Analysis of Oribatid Mites(Acari: Oribatida) in Namsan and Kwangreung Coniferous Forests (남산과 광릉 침엽수림의 날개응애 군집분석)

  • 박홍현;이준호
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.31-41
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    • 2000
  • Community analysis of oribatid mites was conducted in Namsan and Kwangreung coniferous forests which have been received by different degrees of environmental pressures through urbanization processes. Oribatid mites were sampled in the litter and soil layer of study sites from May 1993 to October 1994. Although two sites have been under similar weather condition, seasonal changes in oribatid mites density did not show a synchronized pattern. Density in spring and summer showed stable pattern with low fluctuations, but unstable pattern in autumn between 1993 and 1994. And these patterns were highly correlated with precipitation. The density and species number were higher in the litter layer than in the soil layer and showed no typical seasonal changes. The dominant species were Scheloribates latipes (1 l.78%), Pergalumna altera (8.92%), Eohypochthonius crassisetiger (7.58%), Scheloribates sp. (6.89%) and Suctobelbella yezoensis (5.04%) in Namsan, and Ceratozetes japonicus (25.72%), Punctoribates punctum (14.15%), Trichogalumna nipponica (10.96%) and Ramusella sengbuschi (5.08%) in Kwangreung. The number of species with high constany were 10 and 18 in Namsan and Kwangreung, respectively. Namsan showed the feature of urban forests. In analysis of species diversity, species richness was significantly higher in Kwangreung than in Namsan, while shannon (H') and evenness index (J') were higher in Namsan than in Kwangreung. The values of shannon index (H') in Namsan and Kwangreugn were 2.83 and 2.62, respectively and evenness index (J') were 0.78 and 0.67, respectively. The value of similarity index between two sites was 0.68.

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