• Water for future
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 1995

This study is concerned with the hydraulic experiments of Modi Khola Hydroelectric in Nepal. The experimental domain consists of the intake structure and the settling basin. The intake structure was made by the undistorted model with the scale of 1:20, the settling basin by the distorted model with the scale of 1:10(vertical) and 1:15(horizontal). Based on the movable bed model theory, the 'Anthracite'($\rho_s$ =1.48) is chosen as a model material. According to the model tests, the installation of the guide wall with proper height and the proper control of the flushing gate are required for the effective flushing in the intake structure. In the settling basin a more proper design of the inlet in order to constrain the turbulence flow is required for an efficient sedimentation and the installation of another flushing pipe near the maximum sedimental area is required. Since the trap efficiency is measured about 95%, it is concluded that the design of the settling basin is proper.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.3B
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• pp.153-159
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• 2012

In this study, we proposed modified settling basins transformed by substituting the downstream sill for low head weirs such as generic labyrinth weir and inclined crest labyrinth weir worked as internal baffles. Laboratory experiments were carried out to understand hydraulic characteristics inside of the settling basin to improve the efficiency of sedimentation rate. For a quantitative analysis, we suggested the headwater ratio($H_t/P$), the magnification ratio(L/W) and the inflow rate per total crest length($q_L$) as primary analysis indexes for sedimentation efficiency. Six different types of settling basin were used for labscaled pilot tests by distinguishing with internal structures. Based on results, the variation of headwater ratio with the change of magnification ratio would highly affect the deposition efficiency(%) and it was improved under specific condition that repeating arrange number(N) of labyrinth weir was between 2 and 4. Also, the regression analysis showed that initial condition and shape for improving sedimentation efficiency were plotted on the graph for both $q_L{\geq}3.5cm^2/s$ and $L/W{\leq}3.5$. It would be expected that the geometrically optimized labyrinth settling basin could be designed with proper deposition efficiency for inflow rates of influent and required area of settling basin utilizing the proposed analysis index in this study.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.170-180
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• 2018

Highland fields are concentrated in the Jaun area of Hongcheong-gun, a large amount of sediments are discharged from the highland fields. The sediment runoff affect the turbidity and water quality of the Soyang Lake, furthermore adversely affect water supply source of the capital region. There are several kinds of BMPs(Best management practices) to decrease the sedimentrunoff from the highland fields. Although construction cost of multistage sedimentation basins is very high, there is no actual survey data for the removal efficiency of suspended sediments and water quality in our country. In this study, stormwaterinflow and outflow of the multistage sedimentation basins were surveyed, and the removal efficiency of nonpoint source pollutants were analyzed. The stormwater survey results fortwo rainfall events show thatremoval efficiencies of SS, BOD and TP loads in the multistage sedimentation basins are 35%~62%, 24%~55%, 35%~58%, respectively. Although the measured efficiencies of the basins were lower than the theoretical efficiency, the proper operation and management can improve the removal rate of the basins. Turbid water problem in the upper parts of the Soyang River can be managed effectively through the additional installation of multistage sedimentation basins.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1323-1327
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• 2006

일반적으로 화력발전소는 원활한 원료 및 냉각수의 공급과 환경적인 요인으로 인해 내륙보다는 해안에 위치하고 있다. 발전소의 안정성을 확보하기 위해서는 고열의 발전기를 냉각하는 냉각설비들이 반드시 필요하며 이를 위해 취수로를 통한 냉각수의 원활한 공급이 이루어져야 한다. 이러한 냉각수 공급은 대용량 펌프에 의해 이루어지며, 취수로 구조물의 형상 및 냉각수의 흐름조건에 따라 성능과 수명이 좌우된다. 특히 해안에 위치하는 지리적 여건상 직접취수가 많으며 이러한 경우 유사가 취수로에 유입되어 펌프 흡입 시 균열과 임펠러 마모 등을 유발시켜 펌프의 안전에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 취수로에 유사의 퇴적을 유도하는 침사지를 설계하게 되며 Hydraulic Institute Standards(1998)에서는 허용설계유속을 0.2 m/s 이하로 정하고 있다. B 발전소는 직경 3 m의 대형 취수관로 3개를 통해 매우 빠른 유속으로 취수로에 유입되는 냉각수 계통 구조물을 가지고 있어 침사지 내 유속이 허용기준을 초과하였다. 본 연구에서는 침사지내 유속을 만족시키기 위해 다양한 에너지 소산 구조물 설계방안을 제시하였다. 각 설계방안에 따른 흐름 특성 및 유속 분포를 파악하고 common bay 내에서의 난류특성을 분석하여 비교.검토하였다. 수리모형실험 결과를 통해 각각의 설계방안에 따른 침사지의 효율을 평가하였으며 최적의 에너지 소산 구조물에 대한 설계방안을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.713-722
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• 2010

This paper has assessed the flow patterns and settling efficiency in the sedimentation basin using the particle tracking method of the CFD code and has reached the following conclusions: In the original design where no baffle is installed in the sedimentation basin, a large recirculating area where the flow stagnates is created in the right side of the sedimentation basin, with most of the particles moving to the left side of the sedimentation basin following the flow. This biased flow structure in the sedimentation basin reduces the residence time of particles and thereby undermines settling efficiency. The biased flow toward the left side of the sedimentation basin is alleviated by installing a baffle in the sedimentation basin, promptly reducing the fast flow of over 0.7 m/s in the inlet of the sedimentation basin to the rate below 0.2 m/s. In this paper's simulation conditions, if a one-sided baffle is to be installed in the sedimentation basin, placing it 15 meters away from the basin's inlet leads to the best settling efficiency; it has also been analyzed that installing a two-sided baffle-rather than a one-sided one-is a better option in terms of settling efficiency. The highest settling efficiency of 96.2% is achieved when the underwater length of the two-sided baffle is set at 8 meters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.383-394
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• 2013

A sedimentation basin is used to remove suspended sediments which can cause abrasive and erosive wear on hydraulic turbines of hydropower plants. This sediment erosion not only decreases efficiency of the turbine but also increases maintenance costs. In this study, the three-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out on the overseas hydropower project. The simulations of flow and suspended sediment concentration were obtained using FLOW-3D computational fluid dynamics code. The simulations provide removal efficiency of a sedimentation basin based on particle sizes. The influence of baffles on the flow field and the removal efficiency of suspended sediments in the sedimentation basin has been investigated. This paper also provides the numerical simulations for sediment-induced density currents that may occur in the sedimentation basin. The simulation results indicate that the formation of density currents decreases the removal efficiency. When a baffle is installed in the sedimentation basin, the baffle provides intensive settling zones resulting in increasing the sediments settling. Thus the enhanced removal efficiency can be achieved by installing the baffle inside the sedimentation basin.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2017

우리나라에서 홍수기에는 하천에 부유사를 포함한 수체가 침강되어 하층 밀도류 형태로 전파된다. 온도로 성층화가 심하게 되지 않은 댐의 경우 하층 밀도류로 댐체까지 전파되고, 유출되어 하류로 흘러가거나 차단되어 담수된다. 침사용 저수지는 하류에 있는 저수지에 유사 전파를 막기 위해 건설된 댐으로, 이를 잘 관리하기 위해서는 밀도류의 차단에 대한 연구가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 층적분 모형을 사용하여 밀도류의 전파와 이에 따른 저수지의 유사 차단 현상을 모의하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 1차원 수치모형을 제시하였으며 실내실험 자료에 적용하여 밀도류의 전파 및 차단 양상을 분석하였다. 모의 결과 소류사는 대부분 상류단에서 퇴적되고, 부유사가 밀도류에 포함되어 하류단까지 전파되고, 차단되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 질량보존과 운동량 보존에 의해 저수지 전체에서 밀도류 두께가 증가되며 담수되는 현상을 확인하였다. 담수된 밀도류의 포집효율에 영향을 미치는 인자를 분석하고, 포집효율에 대한 각 입자의 민감도 분석을 수행하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the grit removal efficiency of tornado block-type vortex grit separator. Vortex grit separator was manufactured for this study, and it was characterized by the impeller and tornado block installed in separator. Impeller was installed to increase water velocity in the separator and tornado block was installed to increase the grit lifting efficiency. Pilot study was also conducted in A sewage treatment plant (STP) in Gyeonggi province from November 2003 to May 2004 (64 days). Major findings are as follows. 1. Impeller was proven to increase water velocity in the grit separator, especially in low flow rate. This influence will increase separation ratio of organics from grits, preventing those organics from sedimentation. 2. Sand (with 0.2~0.3mm size) removal efficiency was over 98 % and 96 %, at the flow rate of $500m^3/day$ and $750m^3/day$ under the condition that impeller rotation velocity kept at 15 rpm. Originally that grit separator was designed to have the capacity of $500m^3/day$. $750m^3/day$ was tried to investigate the performance of this type of grit separator under overload condition. Stable grit removal was still available to the extent of 150% of designed capacity. 3. It took less than 3 minutes for the grit separator to completely lift out 3 kgs of 0.2-0.3 mm sized, settled sand at the bottom to 2,060 mm high above water surface. But it showed the tendency to spend a little more time on lifting the grit as the grit size and the vertical height of the lift increased. 4. During experimental duration in A STP, it was found that the average amount of inlet grit was about 981 g/day (160~1,685 g/day) under $500m^3/day$ of operation condition, but it varied so severely during the experimental duration. After classification of discharged grit according to its size, grit with 0.3-0.42 mm size was found as largest part of output.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.394-394
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• 2021

이상기후로 인한 강우패턴의 변화는 상류 유역에서의 토양 유실, 비점오염물질의 발생을 가속화시켜 하류 수계의 수질 및 수생태 건강성에 악영향을 미치고 있다. 낙동강 수계에 위치한 내성천 유역에서는 토양 침투율이 높은 토양군으로 구성되어 있어, 강우 시 유출량 및 유사유출량의 비율이 높아 비점오염 저감을 위한 대책 수립의 중요성이 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 특히, 내성천 유역 내 상류에 위치한 토일천 및 낙화암천 소유역에서는 다양한 영농활동과 대규모 및 소규모 축사의 영향으로 강우 시 다양한 비점오염물질이 많이 발생하고 있다. 하류 하천에서의 수질을 효율적으로 개선하기 위해서는 비점오염 발생량이 높은 상류 소유역을 대상으로 적절한 최적관리기법 선정과 이에 대한 정량적인 평가 방법이 필요하다. 최근 식생여과대, 침사지 등과 같은 다양한 최적관리기법 중 인공습지에 대한 점오염원 및 비점오염물질 처리 효과가 국내·외 여러 모니터링 연구를 통해 증명되었다. 그러나 아직까지 유역 내 다양한 토양 및 토지이용상태와 그리고 오염원 유출 특성을 고려하여 인공습지의 조성에 따른 유역단위에서의 수질 개선 효과를 정량적으로 분석한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 장기 강우-유출 유역단위 모형인 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 내 인공습지 모의가 가능하도록 모형 소스코드를 수정하였으며, 내성천 상류 소유역(토일천, 낙화암천)에 위치한 인공습지 조성 전후에 따른 유역 말단에서의 유사 및 비점오염물질의 저감 효율을 비교 분석하였다. 향후 본 연구의 결과는 내성천 유역을 대상으로 인공습지를 통한 유사 및 비점오염 저감 대책 수립 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2017

Quarrying industry is typical industry that troubled between the market and government regulations in the forestry. Especially, it is difficult to consider aspects of economics and environment, landscape, disaster at the same time. Therefore, Quarrying industry need revised statutes according to regulatory reform and mitigation. This study conducted to provide basic data for regulatory reform and mitigation in quarrying industry. We surveyed 22 article of mountainous districts management act and lower statutes to employers and business interests on quarry 55 places in the Republic of Korea. As a result, fulfillment status of environmental damage reduction and disaster prevention were satisfactory. But fulfillment status of landscape damage reduction were not applicable. This result is due to the social mood that emphasizes the forest landscape. But there is need to improve the efficiency of grit chamber through present standard on effluent(water pollution prevention). In conclusion, policies should be established for realistic regulation and developed industry to quarrying industry.