• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

The GK immersed tunnel as a part of Busan-Geoje Fixed Link Project, is the first attempt in Korea. In spite of existing of many difficulties in construction like the absent of construction cases in Korea, the connection work under approximately 50 m below sea level and weak ground condition, etc., now eight caissons were installed successfully on the accurate position and we are going to install upto the twelfth caisson in this year. The purpose of this paper is to introduce design and construction conditions of the GK immersed tunnel to advise the tunnel designers who will handle the similar project.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.294-306
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• 2005

Most immersed tunnels investigated have been investigated based on the engineer's experience with design and construction. From engineering point of view, it is very important to understand the wave interaction with the seabed and immersed tunnel, since the stability of an immersed tunnel depends largely on the behavior of the seabed foundation. In this study, for the first stage research to find out the mechanism of the wave interaction with the seabed and immersed tunnel, the benchmarking method called as direct numerical simulation (DNS) was employed to analyze comprehensively the wave-induced pore water pressures, vorticity and flows in seabed or inside rubble stone around the immersed tunnel. The immersed tunnel is modeled based on Busan-Geoje fixed link project in Korea, which is now on the stage of planning. Moreover, the nonlinear water wave interaction with an immersed tunnel/its seabed foundation was thoroughly examined with regard to the stabilities of the immersed tunnel subjected to various water wave conditions, median grain size and so forth.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4C
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• pp.221-230
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• 2008

The George Massey immersed tunnel passes the Fraser River near Vancouver, Western Canada. The tunnel was founded on sandy soils and its behavior during earthquake was analyzed by an effective stress constitutive model called UBCSAND. This model is able to calculate pore pressure rise and resulting tunnel movements due to cyclic loading. Centrifuge tests conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) were used to verify the model performance. The centrifuge tests consisted of 2 models: Model 1 was designed for an original ground condition, Model 2 for a ground improvement by densification. In Model 1, large deformation of the tunnel was observed due to liquefaction of surrounding soil. Because of the densified zones around the tunnel the vertical and horizontal displacements of the tunnel in Model 2 was 50% less than Model 1. Measured excess pore pressures, accelerations, and displacements from centrifuge tests were in close agreement with the predictions of UBCSAND model. Therefore, the model can be used to predict seismic behavior of immersed tunnels on sandy soils and optimize liquefaction remediation methods.

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2005

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.429-441
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• 2010

In this study, fire resistance of a fireproof material sprayed upon an immersed tunnel was experimentally evaluated under $HC_{inc}$ and IS0834(duration of 4 hours) fire scenarios. Under $HC_{inc}$ fire scenario, the maximum inner temperatures of a concrete specimen at the depth of 0, 25 and 50 mm from the interface between the structure and the fire-proofing layer were $311^{\circ}C$, $194^{\circ}C$ and $142^{\circ}C$ respectively. Similarly, the corresponding maximum temperatures under IS0834 fire scenario were $332^{\circ}C$, $222^{\circ}C$ and $179^{\circ}C$ respectively. From the results, it was revealed that the two different fire scenarios assumed in this study have almost the same fire capacity as each other in the maximum temperature concept. In addition, a structural analysis of the immersed tunnel under $HC_{inc}$ fire scenario was carried out to verify the effects of the fireproof material on its structural stability. Material loss and deterioration of a concrete specimen without any fire-proofing measure was also experimentally evaluated to obtain input parameters for the structural analysis under such a severe fire scenario. From the results, it was confirmed that the application of fireproof measures to the immersed tunnel is essential for its structural stability even under a severe fire scenario.

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.506-512
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• 2009

최근 건설 중인 금정터널(총 연장 20.3km)이나 부산-거제간 침매터널은 화재 발생시 구조체의 강도저하로 인한 붕괴 및 사회기반시설인 교통망을 장시간 끊어놓은 등 큰 피해를 야기시킬 수 있다. 이러한 초장대터널이나 침매터널은 다른 터널보다 밀폐된 공간이므로 화재 시 단시간에 급격하게 온도상승이 일어날 수 있으며 이로 인해 구조물의 주재료인 콘크리트의 폭렬이 발생하고 구조물 내부까지 고온이 전달되어 경우에 따라 구조체의 붕괴의 원인이 되기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 구조체의 내화성능을 확보하기 위해 유럽에서 사용되고 있는 터널내화용 보드와 모르타르를 적용한 콘크리트의 내화성능 확보방안을 위한 시험을 수행하였다. 실험에 대한 내화성능 평가는 ITA(International Tunneling Association)에서 정한 화재 손상범위를 평가기준으로 하였고 터널화재 시나리오는 네덜란드의 TNO에 의해 실행된 실험결과를 따른 RWS 화재곡선을 이용하여 수행하였다.

• The Safety technology
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• no.111
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• pp.45-47
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• 2007

• Cement
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• s.183
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• pp.49-56
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• 2009

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.16-27
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• 2009