• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.38 no.2 s.171
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2005

In order to investigate the contamination level and seasonal variation of heavy metals and evaluate the bioavailability of toxic elements, environmental geochemical survey was undertaken at the Dogok Au-Ag-Cu mine area. The main pollution sources in the area were suggested as tailings, mine waste materials and mine water. Elevated levels of $140{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg{\;}As,{\;}107{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg{\;}Cd,{\;} 3017{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg{\;}Cu,{\;}12926{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg{\;}Pb,{\;}9094{\cal}mg/{\cal}kg$ Zn(before rainy season) were found in mine tailings. Concentrations of heavy metals in farmland soils exceeded normal level in nature soil (Bowen, 1979). The highest level of heavy metals was found in water samples near the mine tailing dumps regarded as a main pollution source of toxic elements in the area. These concentrations decreased to downstream due to the effect of dilution. From the results of sequential extraction analyses for tailings and soils, non-residual forms of heavy metals were found, which indicate the contamination to be progressing by continuing weathering and oxidation. Cadmium and Zn would be of the highest mobility in all samples. The bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Zn and As using SBET analysis from paddy soils was $53.3{\%},{\;}46.5{\%},{\;}41.0{\%}$ and $37.0\%$, respectively. The farmland soil sample(S3) showed the highest total concentration and bioavailability of heavy metals.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2003

Geophysical surveys(electrical resistivity, self-potential, seismic refraction, GPR) were conducted to investigate the physical properties of the subsurface, and to delineate the flow channel of leachate from a AMD(acid mine drainage), buried rock wastes and tailings, and drainage pipes at an abandoned mine(Kwangyang mine). Especially in rainy season the sites appear to be abundant in AMD leachate, characterized by electrical conductivities of 0.98-1.10 ms/S. Electrical resistivity sections indicate that the leachate flows running in two directions at southern part rise up through the narrow fracture zones at the central part and contaminates the surrounding soil and stream. Such schematic features at the anomalous zone are well correlated with negative peaks in self-potential data, the limited penetration depth in GPR data and low velocity zone in seismic refraction data. Shallow high-resistivity zone is associated with the buried rock wastes which cause the diffractions in GPR image. In addition, the events at depth of approximately 1-1.25 m in GPR sections must be the metal pipes through which AMD is drained off to the inner bay.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.1227-1240
• /
• 2014

Abandoned mines often cause environmental problems, such as alteration of landscape, metal contamination, and landslides due to a heavy rainfall. Geotechnical and rheological tests were performed on waste materials corrected from Imgi waste rock dump, located in Busan Metropolitan City. Debris flow mobility was examined with the help of 1-D BING model which was often simulated in both subaerial and subaqueous environments. To determine flow curve, we used a vane-penetrated rheometer. The shear stress (${\tau}$)-shear rate (${\dot{\gamma}}$) and viscosity(${\eta}$)-shear rate (${\dot{\gamma}}$) relationships were plotted using a shear stress control mode. Well-known rheological models, such as Bingham, bilinear, Herschel-Bulkley, Power-law, and Papanastasiou concepts, were compared to the rheological data. From the test results, we found that the tested waste materials exhibited a typical shear shinning behavior in ${\tau}$-${\dot{\gamma}}$ and and ${\eta}$-${\dot{\gamma}}$ plots, but the Bingham behavior is often observed when the water contents increased. The test results show that experimental data are in good agreement with rheological models in the post-failure stage during shearing. Based on the rheological properties (i.e., Bingham yield stress and viscosity as a function of the volumetric concentration of sediment) of waste materials, initial flowing shape (5 m, 10 m, and 15 m) and yield stress (100 Pa, 200 Pa, 300 Pa, and 500 Pa) were input to simulate the debris flow motion. As a result, the runout distance and front velocity of debris flow are in inverse propositional to yield stress. In particular, when the yield stress is less than 500 Pa, most of failed masses can flow into the stream, resulting in a water contamination.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.49
• /
• pp.122-143
• /
• 2010

This study is designed to figure out what kind of female images TV dramas have represented from 2000 to 2007 and what kind of relationship these images and the actual roles the female characters perform have in the drama. The total number of dramas analyzed is 27, and 152 female characters are analyzed. The result finds that 45% among 152 characters is in her 20's, and most of them play the main roles. Only 4 dramas use 3,40's female characters as main figures. Most 4,50 female characters play mother or grand mother roles of main characters, and they usually interrupt main character's love relationships or don't play any meaningful roles for the narrative. The old female characters over her 60's tend to play foolish and ridiculous roles and don't show any physical charms. The female main characters are beautiful and young, and the more they play good roles, they have better natural beauty comparing the bad characters. The youth and beauty of main characters helps the owner to earn the love of main male characters. It's obvious that the dramas show that female's body as physical capital to achieve higher class and power.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.38 no.3 s.172
• /
• pp.237-245
• /
• 2005

The batch tests were performed to evaluate the applicability of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to in-situ treatment of groundwater with high concentration of heavy metals. The lead\chates used in this study were collected from waste rock dump of the Imgy mine, and have a low pH and high metal concentration. The acidity loading was 65kg as $CaCO_3/day$, metal loading of Fe+Al+Mn was 11.6kg/day. This type of water could be treated with biological-mediated sulfate reduction using the organic carbon mixture as a reactive media. The batch tests were carried out with five mixtures that were composed with different mixing ratios of mushroom compost, pine-tree bark, and limestone cheep. Results indicated that the PRB could reduce the acidity loading $CaCO_3/day$ to 12.3kg and reduce the metal loading to 3.3kg/day. Considering about the low pH and high metal loading, the contaminated water may be ameliorated by passing it through the buffering PRB composed with inorganic carbonate materials and then through the PRB composed with the organic carbon mixture which can induce sulfate reduction.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.525-534
• /
• 2014

Environmental problems typically occurring in abandoned mine lands (AML) include: contaminated and acidic surface water and groundwater; stockpiled waste rock and mill tailings; and ground subsidences due to mining operations. This study examines the effectiveness of various geophysical techniques for mapping potential hazard and contaminated zones. Four AML sites with sedimentation contamination problems, acid mine drainage (AMD) channels, ground subsidence, manmade liner leakage, and buried mine tailings, were selected to examine the applicability of various geophysical methods to the identification of the different types of mine hazards. Geophysical results were correlated to borehole data (core samples, well logs, tomographic profiles, etc.) and water sample data (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metal contents). Zones of low electrical resistivity (ER) corresponded to areas contaminated by heavy metals, especially contamination by Cu, Pb, and Zn. The main pathways of AMD leachate were successfully mapped using ER methods (low anomaly peaks), self-potential (SP) curves (negative peaks), and ground penetrating radar (GPR) at shallow penetration depths. Mine cavities were well located based on composite interpretations of ER, seismic tomography, and well-log records; mine cavity locations were also observed in drill core data and using borehole image processing systems (BIPS). Damaged zones in buried manmade liners (used to block descending leachate) were precisely detected by ER mapping, and buried rock waste and tailings piles were characterized by low-velocity zones in seismic refraction data and high-resistivity zones in the ER data.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2009

This study was attempted to investigate indoor air quality of a wooden house. Emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds from indoors whose interiors were finished using ecofriendly materials were detected. From the results of the examination, the carbonyl compounds mostly consisted of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and hexaldehyde. Especially, formaldehyde accounted for the largest portion of the compounds at 25.6~30.5%. All the rooms except for R2-2 contained formaldehyde less than criteria of indoor air quality of newly-constructed houses. In addition, all the rooms except for room R1-3, contained acetaldehyde more than the level of $48{\mu}g/m^3$ recommended by Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. As a results of the different wall covering, the room R1-1 of Hwangto emitted relatively higher levels of carbonyl compounds than the room R2-1 of phytoncide. In addition, the room R2-2 of the bamboo charcoal panels emitted more carbonyl compounds than the room R1-2. The living room R1-3 of Japanese cypress (Cryptomeria Japonica) emitted lower levels of carbonyl compounds than other rooms.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.3 s.49
• /
• pp.129-138
• /
• 2006

In this study, we identified the secondary precipitates from Samsan-jeil and Sambong mine, Goseong, Gyeongnam by means of scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Copper sulfide minerals had been produced from the mines during last few decades, however they are not worked. White and blue precipitates were found at the downstream of mine rock dump at Sambong mine and green one was at Samsan-jeil mine. The white precipitate covered the host rock surface with thickness of $30{\mu}m$, and is a kind of diatom with $10{\mu}m$ in length and $3{\mu}m$ in width. It is a species Fragilaria constuens, which is contained a order Pennales(pennate diatom) and lives in fresh water. The blue precipitate is the alteration product of chalcopyrite. It resultes in the increase in the ratio Cu:Fe from 5 to 13. The green precipitate has worm-like morphology with $10{\sim}20nm$ in diameter and $200{\sim}300nm$ in length. It is mainly composed of secondary copper sulfate such as woodwardite. However, it could be formed by the activity of microorganism, because the copper content is more than any secondary copper sulfate reported in copper sulfide mine. In order to identity the green precipitate exactly, the further research is needed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.439-448
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study is to develop eco-friendly, fundamental technology for vegetative restoration of barren lands using green rehabilitation material, for the stabilization of abandoned mine debris slopes and depository slopes composed of rock fragments. It is expected that such methods would help to improve the negative view of artificial slopes that remain following mining activity, while also contributing to slope stabilization and prevention of the loss of rock fragments and the dispersion of tailings. We tested the tensile strength and tear strength of various materials, including commonly used natural coir material, natural fibers, and synthetic textile materials with enhanced durability. In conclusion, there is the possibility that natural coir can be used as an eco-friendly material in vegetation restoration, while its durability in natural conditions can be improved by controlling the degree of knot convolution and by antibacterial treatment against biodegradation.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.28
• /
• pp.181-208
• /
• 2012

Illusion played by mutual communication in Interactive Media Art is studied in this thesis from the narrative point of view, not from the entertaining point of view. Microscopic narrations founded in screen changes are analyzed by traditional narrative factors such as plot, point of view, narration, time creating the identity of Interactive Media Art. Traditional narrative factors in consequence have been converted to different forms after being combined with the features of Interactive Media Art. Plot has been converted to fragmentary plot and creators' point of view in many work pieces has been recreated to the outside participants' point of view. Also, creators' narrations described from various points of view has transferred to participants' narrations based on physically spacious search. Times of the present sharing with the past are observed in Interactive Media Art, too. It is concluded that audience's active participation through mutual communication makes an influence on the change of essentially traditional narrative factors. Moreover, the factors mentioned in this thesis are regarded as the unique identity of out of various kinds of modern media art.