• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.281-286
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface changes of enamel specimen, tooth structure by toothpastes in child and adult. Methods : Experimental teeth were collected from extracted human primary teeth. 120 enamel specimens were prepared by cutting the teeth into $2{\times}3{\times}2mm$ blocks using diamond saw and the specimens were assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 was used as control with no treatment. Group 2 was treated with child toothpaste and Group 3 was treated with adult toothpaste on primary enamel surface for 3 minutes daily over 4 weeks. The specimens were immersed into individual container having artificial saliva and the artificial saliva was changed every day. The electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA) provided weight percent(wt%) of calcium(Ca) and phosphorous(P) on enamel surface. The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Tukey's test post-hoc test using SPSS(Version 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results : The surface changes of the primary teeth revealed a significant difference during 4 weeks. Calcium(Ca) and phosphorous(P) levels were found the weight percent difference and a rough enamel surface was seen on SEM after adult toothpaste application. Conclusions : The changes in Ca and P and the morphological surface were affected by the primary tooth treated with adult toothpaste. Enamel surface showed significant differences during 4 weeks.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.235-245
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to review two recently reported, long-term studies of several chemical methods to control gingivitis and decalcification in adolescent orthodontic patients. The first study(gingivitis study) was designed to determine whether conventional toothbrushing and twice daily use of a brush-on 0.4 per cent $SnF_2$ gel containing more than 90 per cent available $Sn^{2+}$ would be more effective for controlling plaque accumulation and gingivitis in the presence of orthodontic appliances than conventional toothbrushing alone. The second study(decalcification study) was designed to compare the effectiveness of controlling decalcification in orthodontic patients with either a II00 ppm F tooth paste used alone, this same toothpaste and a 0.05 percent NaF rinse or this toothpaste and a 0.4 percent $SnF_2$ gel. In the gingivitis study, sixty-five consecutively treated adolescents who were to receive full-mouth fixed orthodontic appliances were assigned to two groups according to age and sex criteria. In the decalcification study an additional 30 subjects(95 total) were similarly assigned to a third group. The first group(control, n=35) used only toothbrushing with a standard fluoride(1100 ppm F) toothpaste. The second group used toothbrushing with a similar dentifrice supplemented with a 0.4 percent $SnF_2$ gel($SnF_2$ gel group, n=30) used twice daily for the entire 18-month study period. The third group(in the decalcification study only) used a similar toothpaste and 0.05 percent NaF rinse(NgF rinse group, n=30). Clinical assessments of plaque accumulation using the Plaque Index, gingival inflammation using the Gingival Index, and coronal staining were completed single-blinded before appliances were placed and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after appliances were placed. Decalcification was assessed single blind on all labial surfaces of all erupted teeth before appliances were placed and 3 months after appliances were removed. The results of the gingivitis study indicated that the $SnF_2$ gel gorup had significantly lower scores for the Plaque Index(p<0.01) and Gingival Index(p<0.001) at all examinations during orthodontic treatment than did the control group. In the $SnF_2$ gel group, one subject developed mild coronal staining and two subjects developed moderate staining. In the decalcification study, when pre-treatment levels of decalcification were subtracted from post-treatment values, significantly lower decalcification scores(p<0.05) were found for both whole mouth and first molars in the NaF rinse and gel groups as compared with the control gorup(toothpaste alone). Although the gel group consistently had less decalcification than the rinse group, this difference only approached statistical significance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.956-962
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dentifrice-contatning grapefruit seed extract (GSE) and processed sulfur solution (PSS) on antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens. We first evaluated the antimicrobial effects of GSE and PSS against oral microbes: Streptococcus mutans (Sm), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Candida albicans (Ca). When antimicrobial activity against Sm, Pi, Pg and Ca was tested, at 40 $\mu$l/disk, the inhibition zones of GSE were 11.0, 9.5, 8.0 and 9.0 mm, respectively. With the same method, the inhibition zones of PSS were 2.0, 3.5, 0.0 and 1.5 mm, respectively. In the micro broth dilution method, the MIC values of GSE against Sm, Pi, Pg and Ca were 0.24, 0.06, 0.10 and 15.63 $\mu$l/rnl, respectively. The MIC values of PSS were 0.12, 3.91,>125 and 7.81 $\mu$l/ml, respectively. When pH, refractive index, viscosity and color value of dentifrice-containing GSE and PSS were measured, there were no significant changes in these physical properties compared to the control samples. Antimicrobial activities of dentifrice products containing 0.5% GSE and 0.5% PSS against oral pathogens were 7.3, 4.3, 2.2 and 1.5 mm, respectively. According to these results, we conclude that there may be a role for GSE and PSS in the development of new oral supplies.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2011

This study aimed to investigate the current situation of toothbrushing guidance with child care teachers in day care facilities caring and managing infants and young children and to grasp problems neglected in using toothpaste and guiding toothbrushing to provide basic data for measures to cope with them. This study included 165 child care teachers or teachers of the kindergartens who agreed with its purpose. By excluding 10 questionnaires with omitted or conflicting answers, 156 ones were finally analyzed in this study. The correlation between education about oral health and toothbrushing guidance, the subjects with and without the experience of the education did not show any significant difference in time to encourage toothbrushing, behaviors of toothbrushing guidance, guidance on prevention of toothpaste intake and perception of an appropriate amount of toothpaste (p>0.05) while perception of the importance of oral health was significantly related with the education on oral health (p<0.05). Therefore, education system for specialists in oral health to offer a specific and systemic education and oral health education programs for child care teacher, are considered to be necessary.

• 건강소식
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.44-45
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• 2013

효소는 우리 몸의 신진대사 기능이 원활해지도록 돕는 핵심물질. 발효식품인 효소는 질병을 완전히 막거나 치료하는 만병통치약은 아니지만 음식물의 소화, 흡수를 돕고 몸 속 노폐물과 독소를 배출해 신진대사를 촉진시키는 유익한 물질이다. 이러한 효소가 부족해서 생기는 대표적인 질병으로는 변비가 있는데, 변비의 경우 식이섬유만 다량 섭취한다고 해서 개선되지는 않으므로 체내 효소량을 충분히 보충해줘야 한다.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.98
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• pp.202-205
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• 2001

1933년 출시된 안티푸라민 연고는 유한양행의 역사와 더불어 탄생한 제품이며 현재까지도 우리나라의 대표적인 장수의약품으로 손꼽히고 있고, 지난 70여년 동안 많은 소비자들에게 사랑 받아 왔다. 안티푸라민의 등장은 가난하던 시절, 동상이나 피부가 튼 곳, 근육통 등에 탁월한 효과를 발휘하여 한때 만병통치약으로 여겨질 때도 있었을 만큼 그 인기가 높았다. 가정상비약이라는 개념조차 없었던 시대에도 각 가정마다 한 개씩은 있었던 안티푸라민 연고제품의 전통 못지

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2008

內病外治跟一般的外治有所不同, 通过外治疗法治疗內病. 一般內治的藥物通过胃肠管吸收, 但外治疗法的治疗途徑有各种各樣. 被皮肤吸收之后通过经络传導或者通过鼻腔, 口腔, 眼部, 肺, 器官支, 肛门等各组织器官的粘膜而被吸收. 外治疗法的治疗方法多樣而且适应症广泛禁止事项少负作用可以說微乎其微可以安全使用. 爲了了解像这樣的外治方法利用藥物使用在各种內科病證時的效能跟內服時有多大差异,以本草關聯书籍爲主进行了基础性的工作. 综合上述可知,使用在咳嗽的藥物作用在肺而産生止咳效果,使用在水翷, 淋证, 癃閉的藥物有利水,利尿的功效,使用在腰痛的藥物有祛风寒濕和止痛的功效,使用在痹症和痿证的藥物有祛风寒濕和利關节的效果. 这坚定了使用在外治的藥物效能沒有超出內治時的效能范围. 但是像呃逆一樣,也有与藥效沒有關系利用外治的方法來治病的情况.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.213-214
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• 2007

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.22 no.2 s.177
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• pp.149-157
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• 1984

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dentifrice containing 0.1% extracts of garlic on dental plaque and gingivitis in a double blind and crossover clinical studies in 33 healthy adults aged from 20 to 22 years who provided a consent for their participation. Oral examination was performed through clinical periods and on day of baseline, 6, 13, 19, 25 days plaque index and gingival index were scored by Turesky' modified index and L$\ddot{o}$e & Silness index. After 12, 19, 25 days use of their respective dentifrices, statistically decreases of plaque index, gingival index were shown in both the experimental and the control group, respectively, Experimental group exhibited significantly the lower plaque levels and the higher levels of gingival health by the use of the dentifrices contained extract of garlic from 12 days compare with control group(p<0.05). The degree of decrease was more significant on gingivitis level of the experimental group than the control group(p <0.05). This result indicate that the use of dentifrice containing extract of garlic has a positve effect in preventing plaque and gingivitis and treating periodontal diseases.