• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of current study was to evaluate the validity of the existing radiological classifications as a diagnostic modality for predicting characteristics of calcific deposition in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder joint. For that purpose, we determined the inter-observer reliability for evaluating diagnostic precisions of the classification and also evaluated diagnostic accuracy of predicting the toothpaste type calcific deposition. Materials and Methods: We performed retrospective study with total 26 patients surgically treated with calcific tendinitis of the shoulder joint from March 2010 to October 2013. Two independent observers reviewed preoperative radiographs of shoulder joints, and classified the characteristics of calcific depositions according to the criteria of Gartner, DePalma and Patte. Cohen's kappa were calculated for each classifications to evaluate inter-observer reliability. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio were determined for type of calcific depositions with Gartner type III, DePalma type I, and Patte type II for predicting toothpaste type calcific deposition. Results: The values of Cohen's kappa were the highest in the classification of Patte, 0.62, and the values for the classifications of DePalma and Gartner were 0.56 and 0.36, respectively. The sensitivities for predicting toothpaste type calcific deposition in Gartner Type III, DePalma type I and Patte type II were 83.3%, 91.7%, and 58.3%, respectively. Specificities were 85.7% 50.0% and 64%, positive likelihood ratios were 5.833, 1.833 and 1.633, negative likelihood ratios were 0.194, 0.167 and 0.648, and diagnostic odds ratios were 30.00, 11.00 and 2.52, respectively. Conclusion: There were no radiologic classifications of calcific tendinitis which has both high precision and accuracy. Further studies with other diagnostic modalities such as ultrasonography are needed for predicting characteristics of calcific deposition in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder joint.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.112.2-112.2
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• 1987

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-79
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• 1984

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.173.1-173.1
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• 1991

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.20 no.4 s.222
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• pp.36-42
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• 1988

자조금제도(cheek off system)를 실시해야 된다는 의견들을 심심치 않게 듣고 있다. 양축가들의 관심이 매우 높기 때문이다. 언제 누가 어떻게 교육을 하였기에 이렇게 여론이 조성되었는지 참으로 신기할 따름이다. 자조금에 대한 이야기를 계속하다 보면 많은 양축가들이 자조금만 실시되면 우리 업계의 모든 문제들이 한꺼번에 해결되는 만병통치약으로 알고 있는데 놀라지 않을 수 없다. 값이 떨어지면 즉시 수매비축하고 이 돈으로 유통구조도 개선하여 문제들을 해결한다는 것이다. 일은 사람이 하고 유능한 사람을 구해서 일을 하려면 돈이 필요하고 돈을 모으는 방법과 사용처에 대한 업계의견을 들어 본다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.36 no.3 s.346
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• pp.199-202
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• 1998

1940년대부터 1970년대까지 치주치료의 목적은 복잡핞 치주외과적 수술을 통하여 치주낭을 제거 또는 감소시키는 것이었다. 그러나 1960년대와 1970년대에 이루어진 연구 결과를 보면 치주질환의 병인발생에 있어서 치태의 역할과 적절한 구강위생의 중요성이 강조되었다. 즉 치태를 제거하기 위해서 치솔과 치약, 그리고 보조기구를 이용한 구강위생방법(기계적인 처치)과 전신적 및 국소적 항생제투여, 그리고 양치용액의 사용(화학적인 처치)과 같은 비외과적 처치방법이 관심의 대상이 되었다. 여기에서는 치태를 효과적으로 관리하기 위한 기계적인 치료방법과 화학적인 치료방법에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

• Aerospace Industry
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• s.106
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• pp.66-67
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• 2010

능동형 전자주사레이더, 일명 AESA 레이더는 21세기 항공무기체계 분야의 핵심 단어 중 하나다. F-22와 유러파이터 F/A-18E/F 슈퍼호넷과 같은 최첨단 미래 전투기는 물론 F-15와 F-16 같은 기존 전투기의 성능 개량을 위해 꼭 갖춰야 할 필수장비 중 하나로 평가받고 있기 때문이다. 서방세계뿐만 아니라 러시아 및 중국과 같은 공산권 국가의 AESA 레이더 개발 및 확보 노력 역시 상상을 초월하는 수준. 미래 전투기의 필수장비로 인식되고 있으며 기존 전투기의 성능 향상을 위한 만병통치약처럼 인식되고 있는 AESA 레이더에 대해 알아본다.

• 발명특허
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• v.30 no.8 s.350
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• pp.48-51
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• 2005

"하루 세 번, 3분씩"닦아야 건강한 치아를 가질 수 있다. 어릴 적부터 무수히 훈련을 받아온 이야기다. 음식문화가 다양해지고 건강을 우선시하는 현대인들에게 치아 세정이 당연한 관심사임은 물론, 고대로부터의 치아 세정에 관한 기록들은 쉽게 찾아볼 수 있다. 우선 지금의 치약과 같은 역할을 하는 것들에 대한 기록은 고대 이집트의 의학서인 파피루스에서도 찾아볼 수 있는데, 기원전 고대인들은 식물성 수지 등을 씹거나 재와 태운 달걀 또는 미세한 돌가루 등을 꿀과 같이 반죽해 치아를 닦았고, 중세에는 동물의 뼈나 조개껍질 가루 등을 꿀과 반죽해 사용했다는 기록이 남아있다.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.325-332
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate tooth whitening maintenance efficacy of several dentifrices containing effective ingredients for tooth whitening. Methods: Hydroxyapatite specimens(HAPs) staining was done by using modified Stookey's methods. HAPs were treated with 2.9% hydrogen peroxide containing strip for whitening, and were shaken with several dentifrice slurry(dentifrice 1 : artificial saliva 2) for 30 minutes. The HAPs were finally dipped in staining solution for an hour. Shaking and dipping were repeated 4 times and lightness values were measured by colorimeter at each step. In clinical test, test 4 dentifrice and control dentifrice were evaluated by 21 subjects for 2 months after receiving institutional review board(IRB) approval. Organoleptic(vita shade guide) and instrumental(SHADEEYE-NCC) evaluation were performed for whiteness change of teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test and ${\chi}^2$-test(p<0.05). Results: All dentifrices showed statistical significance in comparison with control dentifrice containing sodium fluoride and test 4 dentifrice containing sodium pyrophosphate, sodium metaphosphate, candelilla wax, and sodium fluoride showed statistical significance in comparison with other dentifrices by inhibiting staining in vitro(p<0.05). In clinical test, test 4 dentifrice showed better effects than control dentifrice in organoleptic and instrumental evaluation in tooth whitening maintenance efficacy(p<0.05). The awareness toward tooth whitening maintenance efficacy for 2 months use showed that test 4 dentifrice was much better than control dentifrice, but did not show statistically significant(p>0.05). Conclusions: Dentifrice containing sodium pyrophosphate, sodium metaphosphate, candelilla wax and sodium fluoride was more effective in keeping teeth white.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro efficacy of the active ingredients of dentifrice following treatment time. The whitening effect was evaluated by a change in lightness value relative to the contact time of hydrogen peroxide, by using artificially stained hydroxyapatite discs. The anti-calculus effect was assessed based on the amount of calcium eluted from the human dental calculus by sodium pyrophosphate. Remineralization was evaluated by the Vickers hardness test following the application of sodium fluoride to bovine enamel. In order to view dentinal tubules occlusion, the formation of insoluble calcium salts by bovine dentin specimens was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Change in lightness value (${\Delta}L$) was $5.50{\pm}1.51$ after 1 min of treatment, $5.73{\pm}0.43$ after 3 min, $8.64{\pm}0.24$ after 10 min, $18.93{\pm}0.76$ after 30 min, and $27.35{\pm}0.54$ after 60 min. The amount of calcium eluted from the human dental calculus was $4.23{\pm}0.14ppm$ after 1 min of treatment, $4.51{\pm}0.04ppm$ after 3 min, $12.12{\pm}0.16ppm$ after 10 min, $17.85{\pm}0.81ppm$ after 30 min, and $25.15{\pm}0.32ppm$ after 60 min. The Vickers hardness change value (${\Delta}VHN$) was $1.96{\pm}1.44$ after 1 min, $1.52{\pm}1.06$ after 3 min, $9.06{\pm}0.15$ after 10 min, $10.83{\pm}5.13$ after 30 min, and $12.55{\pm}2.09$ after 60 min. Partial dentinal tubules occlusion was observed at 10 min and complete occlusion was evident at 60 min. In summary, the use of patch type dentifrices for 10, 30, or 60 min were 1.57 to 8.26 times more effective than using the paste type dentifrices for 1 to 3 min. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to expect that the use of patch type dentifrices for 10 min would lead to remineralization, anti-calculus and dentinal tubules occlusion effects, and that use for 30 min would result in a whitening effect.