• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.5-15
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• 2023

The evaluation of passive earth pressure plays a crucial role in the design of earth-retaining structures such as retaining walls and temporary earth-retaining walls to withstand horizontal earth pressure. In the earth pressure theory, active and passive earth pressures represent the earth pressures at the limit state, where the wall displacement reaches the maximum allowed displacement. In the design of earth-retaining structures, the passive earth pressure is considered as the resisting force. In this context, the limit displacement at which passive earth pressure occurs is significantly greater than that associated with the active earth pressure. Therefore, it is irrational to apply this displacement directly to the calculation of passive earth pressure. Instead, it is necessary to consider the mobilized passive earth pressure exerted at the allowable horizontal displacement to evaluate the structural stability. This study proposes an allowable wall displacement, denoted as 0.002 H (where H represents the excavation depth), based on a literature review that focuses on sandy soils. To calculate the mobilized passive earth pressure from the wall displacement, a semi-empirical equation is proposed. By analyzing the obtained data on mobilized passive earth pressure, a reduction factor applicable to Rankine's passive earth pressure is proposed for practical application in sandy soils under different wall movement types.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

Estimation of passive earth pressure is an important factor in anchor block, temporary retaining wall and support block of raker that resist lateral earth pressure. In practice, due to ease of use, it is common to estimate the earth pressure using the theory of Coulomb and Rankine, which assumes the failure plane as a straight line. However, the passive failure plane generated by friction between the wall surface and the soil forms a complex failure plane: a curve near the wall and a flat plane near the ground surface. In addition, the limit displacement where passive earth pressure is generated is larger compared to where the active earth pressure is generated. Thus, it is essential to calculate the passive earth pressure that occurs at the allowable displacement range in order to apply the passive earth pressure to the design for structural stability reasons. This study analyzed the mobilized passive earth pressured to various displacement ranges within the passive limit displacement range using the semi-empirical method considering the complex failure plane.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 1988

This paper presents dose distributions in water around Fletcher-Suit colpostat containing $^{137}Cs$ tube, and shielding effect of Internal lead shield. Using ready packed film, author measured dose distribution in water around the colpostat containing cesium source. Nine sheets of films on one side of the colpostat are packed with acryl frames cut out so as to fill water, and irradiated in water by cesium source in the colpostat. Dose distributions on transverse plane and upper plane 0.5cm from upper surface of the colpostat were measured. Shielding effect was greater in upper medial direction than in lower medial direction. And that was the greatest around $30^{\circ}$ from the axis of the colpostat on upper side and around $50^{\circ}$on lower side. In the region 7cm from the center of the colpostat, shielding efficiency was 0.23 to 0.35 on the lower $50^{\circ}$ and 0.26 to 0.42 on the upper $30^{\circ}$, and decreased with increase of distance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 2020

Radiation exposure exposed during mammography, which is performed for early examination of breast cancer, has also been suggested as a cause of carcinogenesis in the past, and scattered rays generated during examination may cause unnecessary radiation exposure to surrounding organs. In this study, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the human organ doses exposed during conventional mammography, and to estimate the dose reduction effect for each organ when using 3D printing materials for radiation protection by scattered rays. As a result of organ dose evaluation, the breast on the opposite side of the examination was about 22.0% of the breast on the test side and about 58.6% on the eye, which was highly influenced by the scattering-ray. When using the 3D printing shield to protect it, the breast on the opposite side of the test showed an effective dose reduction effect at a thickness of 1 mm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.97-108
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• 2018

It is definitely important to measure thrust during ground test when developing air-breathing engine, and in case of air-breathing engine, gross thrust should be calculated considering not only the measured thrust but also the force induced by the air flow of engine intake. Also, side thrust like yaw and pitch should be measured and analyzed using multi-component thrust measurement system. Engine performance was accurately evaluated by calculating the gross thrust of air breathing engine precisely which is analyzed from below serial procedure: labyrinth seal isolation, 1-axis gross thrust calculation, develop multi-component thrust measurement system, and side thrust analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.277-283
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• 2020

In a concentric magnetic gear, which replaces the teeth of a mechanical gear with a permanent magnet, the polar ratio of the magnet that determines the reduction ratio affects the behavior of the magnetic gear dramatically. This study analyzed the density of transmission torque, the efficiency of torque considering the solid loss, and the torque quality, including the cogging characteristics using finite element analysis. When the pole number on the driving side was changed from two to five, it was confirmed that there was an optimal pole ratio, in which the transmission torque was maximized. Because eddy current generation density is proportional to the magnetic field, the transmission efficiency also shows a similar tendency to the transmission torque density, and the efficiency is more than 95% at a low gear ratio. The cogging characteristics due to the interaction of the permanent magnets with the limited number of poles are inversely proportional to the least common multiple between the number of magnets on the drive side and the number of modulator teeth. A test model was built for the transmission torque evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

The characteristics of the flowfields around two circular cylinders in various arrangements were investigated by PIV. In tandem arrangement, the Strouhal numbers measured in the rear region of the cylinder of wake side were decreased with the space ratios, the flow between two cylinders was almost stagnated and the closer to upstream cylinder, the larger the width of the stagnated region was. The direction of vortex between two cylinders was opposed each other with the small difference(${\alpha}$=${\pm}1.0^{\circ}$) of the attack angle . In side by side arrangement, the flow velocity between two circular cylinders were increased with the space ratios.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1986

Pressure trasients must deal with safety problem of system. For identification of physical situation that can and method of limiting surges are essential consideration in sucessful design. The finite difference equation by method of characteristics are derived from the governing equation of unsteady flow in a pipe, and solved by using boundary condition derived. A computer program which can simulate general hydraulic system is developed by using finite difference equations and boundary conditions derived. The sumulated resulted by developed computer program are in fair agreement with experiment result.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.164-167
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• 1995

Stellate ganglion block(SGB) is a widely used sympathetic block to diagnose or treat various painful conditions. We experienced a rare case who exhihited a contralateral Horner's syndrome following SGB. A 64-year-old female patient suffering from postherpetic neuralgia on mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve visited our pain clinic. She complained of severe burning and shooting pain on right side lower lip, ear and temporal area. We modified her previous medications and performed repeated right SGB daily, in combination with mandibular or mental and auriculotemporal nerve blocks twice a week. Her symptoms were progressively improved. A contralateral Horner's syndrome occured after the thirteenth SGB, which was performed under several attempts in the same manner and the same physician. She had no evidence of subarachnoid or brachial plexus blocks. She did not need any special treatment and returned home 2 hours later. Subsquent blocks were followed on ipsilateral Horner's syndromes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.664-668
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• 2010

유역 내 효율적 수자원관리 및 이 치수 계획수립을 위해 수계별 혹은 지역별로 다양한 형태의 하천정비 사업이 시행되고 있으며, 사업의 대부분은 통수능 확보를 위한 확폭 및 홍수피해방지를 위한 제방의 보강이 주를 이루고 있다. 그러나 이러한 하천정비사업 계획의 검토를 위하여 횡방향 흐름을 고려할 수 없는 1차원 HEC-RAS 모형이 주로 이용되고 있으며, 이는 만곡부와 같은 복잡한 흐름특성이 발생하는 구간에서의 정비 사업 후 흐름특성 변화 및 하상의 안정성에 대한 평가를 위해 1차원 수치모형의 적용이 제약적임을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 용담댐 하류부 대유리에 위치한 만곡부를 대상으로 2차원 수치모형인 CCHE2D를 이용하여 정비사업 전 후의 흐름특성 변화에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 만곡부 정점부의 단면축소로 흐름의 통제가 발생하던 구간에서 정비사업 후 유속과 소류력이 감소되었으며, 상류측으로 수위가 크게 저하하였다. 또한, 정비사업 후 상류측에서 유속과 소류력의 증가가 관측되었으며, 만곡부 내측으로 유속과 소류력의 중심이 이동함에 따라 제방의 안정성에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. CCHE2D모형은 자연하천의 만곡부와 같은 복잡한 흐름이 발생하는 구간의 분석을 위하여 효율적으로 이용될 수 있으며, 모형 내 하상변동 모듈과의 연계모의를 통해 제방의 안정성 및 하상의 안정성 평가를 위한 수리학적 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.