• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.22-22
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• 2020

너도개미자리는 석죽과의 다년생 초본류로 낭림산 이북으로부터 백두산까지 분포하며 고지대에 자생한다. 7~10월에 흰색의 꽃이 개화하고 종자는 달걀모양으로 표면은 밋밋하다. 본 연구는 지피용으로 사용할 너도개미자리의 분화재배 시 적정 추비, 차광 및 적심 등의 처리 정도를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 재배방법의 확립을 위하여 유용식물증식센터에서 종자를 분양받아 2019년 4월 19일에 트레이에 파종하여 충북대학교 유리온실에서 육묘한 유묘를 7월 4일에 정식하여 실험재료로 사용하였으며, 9월 24일까지 약 11주 동안 재배하였다. 공통 조건은 비닐 포트 3치(7×7cm)에 원예상토를 충진하고 200구 트레이에 셀당 1립씩 파종하여 생산된 1셀을 정식하였다. 추비, 차광, 적심 등은 무처리로 수행하였다. 추비실험은 hyponex 하이그레이드(N-P-K, 7-10-6)를 0, 500, 1000, 2000mg·L^-1의 농도로 엽면시비 하였고, 차광 실험은 0, 35, 55, 75% 차광막을 이용하였으며, 적심은 무적심과 재배 4주차의 1회적심 처리로 구분하였다. 연구의 결과, 너도개미자리는 추비처리 농도가 증가할수록 생육도 증가하는 경향이었으나, 유의성은 확인할 수 없었다. 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 2000mg·L^-1 처리구에서 지상부 및 지하부의 생체중이 가장 무거운 결과를 보였다. 차광처리 별로는 무차광 조건에서 생육이 왕성한 결과를 보였고, 차광률의 증가는 생육을 점차 억제하는 경향이었다. 개화율도 무차광에서 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 35% 차광 순이었고, 55와 75% 차광에서는 개화가 진행되지 않았다. 너도개미자리에 적심처리는 초장과 측지수의 발생을 억제하였고, 개화도 지연되는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 너도개미자리의 지피용 재배시 광이 충분한 에 배치하여 재배하는 것이 효과적이다. 추비는 Hyponex 하이그레이드를 2000mg·L^-1의 농도를 처리하는 것이 생육에 유리하며, 적심은 하지 않는 것이 효과적인 재배방법인 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2020

털부처꽃(Lythrum salicaria L.)은 예로부터 발효해서 술로 마시고, 잎은 채소로 식용하며, 식중독 치료 및 설사를 멈추게 하는 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 한국, 중국, 아프리카, 유럽, 북아메리카 등의 습한 지역에 분포하며, 7~8월에 취산꽃차례로 붉은 자주색의 꽃이 핀다. 본 연구는 털부처꽃을 지피용 소재로 개발하기 위한 최적의 재배기술을 확립하기 위해 수행되었다. 재배방법의 확립을 위하여 2019년 4월 27일에 파종하여 생산된 유묘를 7월 4일에 정식하여 9월 24일까지 12주 동안 재배하였다. 공통 조건은 3치 비닐 포트에 원예상토를 충진하고, 200구 트레이에 셀당 1립씩 파종하여 생산된 1셀 묘를 정식하였으며, 추비, 차광, 적심 등은 처리하지 않았다. 추비 실험은 hyponex 하이그레이드(N-P-K, 7-10-6)를 0, 500, 1000, 2000mg·L^-1를 4주간 간격으로 총 3회 엽면시비 하였다. 차광 정도 실험은 0, 35, 55, 75% 차광막을 이용하였으며, 적심은 무적심과 4주차에 1회 적심처리 하였다. 연구의 결과, 털부처꽃은 추비 농도가 증가할수록, 생육이 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 차광처리 별로는 무차광 조건에서 생육이 가장 왕성한 결과를 보였고, 광량의 부족은 전반적으로 생육을 억제하는 경향이었다. 적심 처리는 줄기 신장을 크게 억제하였으며, 측지수를 증가시키는 결과를 보였다. 엽수는 무처리와 비교하였을 때 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 털부처꽃은 적심을 하는 것이 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었으며, 적심 시기에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 추비처리는 털부처꽃의 생육에 부정적인 영향을 주므로 처리하지 않고, 무차광 조건에서 재배하는 것이 전반적인 생육에 유리하였다. 또한 도장이 잘되는 식물임으로 적심처리하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2024

The ion exchange resin used to remove total dissolved solids (TDS) is used by being packed in a column, and sufficient contact time between the ionic material and the ion exchange resin is required during the ion exchange process. In this study, the ion exchange resin that exhibits high TDS reduction even with a short contact time through pulverization of the ion exchange resin was characterized. The optimal size of resin considering flowability was over 100 ㎛. The highest pulverizing yield were obtained that 250~500 ㎛ size and 100~250 ㎛ size were 67.3% and 36.9%, respectively. Also, the highest yield and the pulverizing time of 100~500 ㎛ size was 87.1% and 2 minutes, respectively. Under batch test conditions, the time to reach a removal rate of 95% and 99% for 250~500 ㎛ resins was 1.82 and 1.96 times faster than non-pulverized ion exchange resin, respectively. The 100~250 ㎛ resins showed 15.9 times and 6.18 times faster, respectively. Under the column test, a total of 1.74 g of NaCl was removed by non-pulverized ion exchange resins, 1.83 g of NaCl was removed by 250~500 ㎛ resins and 1.63 g of NaCl was removed by 100 and 250 ㎛ resins. As the size of the resin decreased, the capacity slightly decreased. As a result, it was observed that the pulverized ion exchange resins could be a method of achieving high TDS removal performance under short contact time.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.58-69
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• 2024

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an electro-membrane process employing ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) that can harvest electric energy from the concentration difference between seawater and river water. Multivalent ions contained in seawater and river water bind strongly to the fixed charge groups of the IEM, causing high resistance and reducing open-circuit voltage and power density through uphill transport. In this study, a pore-filled anion-exchange membrane (PFAEM) with excellent monovalent ion selectivity and electrochemical properties was fabricated and characterized for RED application. The monovalent ion selectivity of the prepared membrane was 3.65, which was superior to a commercial membrane (ASE, Astom Corp.) with a selectivity of 1.27 under the same conditions. Additionally, the prepared membrane showed excellent electrochemical properties, including low electrical resistance compared to ASE. As a result of evaluating RED performance under seawater of 0.459 M NaCl/0.0510 M Na₂SO₄ and river water of 0.0153 M NaCl/0.0017 M Na₂SO₄, the maximum power density of 1.80 W/m² was obtained by applying the prepared membrane, which is a 40.6% improved output performance compared to the ASE membrane.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2015

Jinsan gold deposit is a hydrothermal vein type deposit consisting of several fissure filling quartz veins developed within the Changri Formation of the Ogcheon Supergroup in Geumsan, Chungnam. This study is to provide an efficient exploration and development strategies based on the characteristics of the geology, geological structure, core logging, and ore vein occurrence and grade for the four pits (New pit, Main pit, Yanghapan pit and Teugho pit). Quartz veins are mostly developed with the strike of $N10^{\circ}-25^{\circ}W$ and $N5^{\circ}-20^{\circ}E$, and the thickness is in the range of 0.1~0.5 m, sometimes extending to over 1m. Although the quartz veins commonly form massive shape, they sometimes show zonal structure, comb structure as well as brecciated texture. Major ore minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, electrum and chalcocite are also accompanied as minor phases. Gray and milky white quartz veins, which are occasionally crosscut by calcite vein, also include fluorite. Ore evaluations for the 22 samples revealed that the samples from the pits generally have very low Au contents, lower than 1 g/t, but some clay samples of drilled core show very high Au concentrations, up to 141 g/t, indicating that Au content is much higher within fault gouges rather than within fresh quartz veins. This may represent that gold might have been reworked and reprecipitated by hydrothermal fluids in association with reactivation of the faults, and thus suggest that ore occurrence in this deposit is very complex and irregular and therefore more precise and systematic exploration is required.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.235-248
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• 2010

To construct the standard methods for evaluation of physicochemical characteristics of tailings in Korea, specific gravity, paste pH, grain size, mineral compositions and heavy metal concentrations of total 26 tailings from 21 metallic mines were analyzed. Specific gravity of tailings ranged from 2.61 to 4.31 (avg. 3.04), and sand and silt grain were dominant in the tailings. Ranges of paste pH were 2.1-9.5 in tailings (7.1-9.2 at magmatic, skarn and hydrothermal replacement deposits and 2.1-9.5 at hydrothermal vein deposits). Additionally, hydrothermal vein deposits could be reclassified into three categories: (1) paste pH>7.0, (2) 4.0

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2013

This study has been performed for 150 days from February 1 - June 31, 2012 aiming at analyzing biologically hazardous factors in order to develop HACCP system for the vinegared pickle radishes. A process chart was prepared as shown on Fig. 1 by referring to manufacturing process of manufacturer of general vinegared pickle radishes regarding process of raw agricultural products of vinegared pickle radishes, used water, warehousing of additives and packing material, storage, careful selection, washing, peeling off, cutting, sorting out, stuffing (filling), internal packing, metal detection, external packing, storage and consignment (delivery). As a result of measuring Coliform group, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria Monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Clostridium perfringens, Yeast and Mold before and after washing raw radishes, Bacillus cereus was $5.00{\times}10$ CFU/g before washing but it was not detected after washing and Yeast and Mold was $3.80{\times}10^2$ CFU/g before washing but it was reduced to 10 CFU/g after washing and other pathogenic bacteria was not detected. As a result of testing microorganism variation depending on pH (2-5) of seasoning fluid (condiment), pH 3-4 was determined as pH of seasoning fluid as all the bacteria was not detected in pH3-4. As a result of testing air-borne bacteria (number of general bacteria, colon bacillus, fungus) depending on each workplace, number of microorganism of internal packing room, seasoning fluid processing room, washing room and storage room was detected to be 10 CFU/Plate, 2 CFU/Plate, 60 CFU/Plate and 20 CFU/Plate, respectively. As a result of testing palm condition of workers, as number of general bacteria and colon bacillus was represented to be high as 346 $CFU/Cm^2$ and 23 $CFU/Cm^2$, respectively, an education and training for individual sanitation control was considered to be required. As a result of inspecting surface pollution level of manufacturing facility and devices, colon bacillus was not detected in all the specimen but general bacteria was most dominantly detected in PP Packing machine and Siuping machine (PE Bulk) as $4.2{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, $2.6{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, respectively. As a result of analyzing above hazardous factors, processing process of seasoning fluid where pathogenic bacteria may be prevented, reduced or removed is required to be controlled by CCP-B (Biological) and threshold level (critical control point) was set at pH 3-4. Therefore, it is considered that thorough HACCP control plan including control criteria (point) of seasoning fluid processing process, countermeasures in case of its deviation, its verification method, education/training and record control would be required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.331-340
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• 2000

The existing two-phase biological fluidized bed has some problems such as limit of oxygen transfer and blockade of fluidized distributor. In this study, three-phase swirl flow biological fluidized bed has designed to solve the problems and to investigate its running characteristics. TOC of influent synthetic wastewater was approximately $70mg/{\ell}$. HRT of reactor was 1.6 hours. Mean particle size of sand, as packing media, was 0.397mm and packing volume was varied from $200m{\ell}/{\ell}$ to $600m{\ell}/{\ell}$ by stages in the bed. The amount of biomass and effluent water quality was throughly investigated in the bed. Showing experiment results from the above conditions, it was possible to solve the problems of existing fluidized bed and to keep DO of $3mg/{\ell}$ or more. And it was also TOC removal rate of 91 to 94 %, MLVSS of 2,360 to $3,860mg/{\ell}$, MLVSS per g-media of 8.4 to 17.3 mg/g, F/M ratio of 0.59 to $1.04kg-TOC/kg-MLVSS{\cdot}day$, biofilm thickness of $35{\sim}71{\mu}m$ and sludge productivity of 1.03 to $2.35kg-SS/m^3{\cdot}day$. Optimal conditions in this experimental were as follows.; those were biofilm thickness of approximately $54{\mu}m$. MLVSS per g-media of 13 mg and media packing volume of 350 to $400m{\ell}/{\ell}$ when F/M ratio was low, treatment efficiency was high and sludge productivity was low. Showing the media with optics microscope in this optimal condition, attached microbes such as Epistylis sp. were observed. From SEM photographs, it showed that Coccus adhere to and grow on the media surface.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 1994

Copper-bearing hydrothermal vein mineralization of the Samsan area was deposited in two stages (I and II) of quartz-calcite-sulfide veins which fill fissures in Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Gyeongsang basin. The major ore minerals, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, together with pyrite, galena, hematite, and minor sulfosalts, occur with epidote and chlorite as gangue minerals in stage I quartz veins. Chlorite geothermometry, fluid inclusion and stable isotope data indicate that copper ore was deposited mainly at temperatures between $330^{\circ}C$ and $280^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities between 12 and 3 equiv. wt % NaCl. Evidence of fluid boiling indicates a range of pressures from ${\leq}100$ to 200 bars bars. Within ore stage I there was an apparent decrease in ${\delta}^{34}S$ values of $H_{2}S$ with paragenetic time, from 8.0 to 2.3 per mil. This pattern was likely achieved through progressive increases in activity of oxygen accompanying boiling and mixing. In the early part of the first stage, the high temperature, high salinity fluids gave way to progressively cooler and more dilute fluids of the late parts in the first stage and of the second stage. There is a systematic decrease in calculated ${\delta}^{18}O_{water}$ values with decreasing temperature in the Samsan hydrothermal system, from values of -86 per mil for early portion of stage I through -5.9 per mil for late portion of stage I to -6.3 per mil for stage II. The ${\delta}D$ values of fluid inclusion waters also decrease with paragenetic time from -76 per mil to -86 per mil. These trends combined with mineral paragenesis and fluid inclusion data are interpreted to indicate progressive cooler, more oxidizing meteoric water inundation of an early exchanged meteoric hydrothermal system.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.161-165
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• 2011

Small scale mushroom growers take a lot of the costs in the bottle cultivation than the large scale growers. Therefore, they are not competitive in the market. Mushroom cultivation in small scale mushroom farm is labor-intensive and this experiment was carried out to establish the method for the cultivation of various kinds of mushrooms together under the similar conditions in the production system. As a result, the common medium were selected based on the growing conditions of Pleurotus eryngii and Agrocybe cylindracea, and the level of medium moisture content were studied. The results were shown below. When the medium in the input stage for bottle cultivation was filled by using automatic machine, the range of the three state rates in the bottle is different depending on ingredients and the mixing ratio. The optimum moisture content of the medium for some mushroom production was a different trend based on the medium cluster of the raw materials. The optimum moisture content for P. eryngii in the medium was 70% (douglas fir sawdust, rice bran or sawdust, dried bean curd refuse). In the medium containing douglas fir sawdust, wheat bran was 65%, and the medium including douglas fir sawdust, wheat bran, dried bean curd refuse was 67%. The optimum moisture content of the above three media for A. cylindracea was 70%. The suitable medium for the bottle cultivation of P. eryngii was selected as douglas fir sawdust 75%, wheat bran 20%, dried bean curd refuse 5%, and moisture content 67%. The medium of A. cylindracea was selected as douglas fir sawdust 75%, wheat bran 25%, and moisture content 70%. The suitable medium for bottle cultivation of P. eryngii and A. cylindracea was shown as douglas fir sawdust 75%, rice bran20%, dried bean curd refuse 5%, and 70% moisture content to be used as a common medium of the growing. The incubation period, primordial formation, and growth environment conditions of P. eryngii and A. cylindracea were a similar trend. Therefore, the small scale farmers of P. eryngii can cultivate A. cylindracea together with P. eryngii.