• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 1983

Cone and seed development after self-pollination in 14-year-old Pinus rigida Mill. was investigated in an $F_1$-hybrid seed orchard that consists of Pinus rigida Mill. and Pinus taeda L. in alternative rows. On an average, 83.8% of the self-pollinated receptive female strobili developed into cones. This value appears to be normal compared to cone development after open-pollination in other pine species such as in Pinus sylvestris L. However, there was a great variation in filled seed development after self-pollination among the investigated individual trees (Table 1-1). The 34.5%, a ratio of filled seeds after self-pollination was significantly lower than 91.7%, that by the open-pollination. Some of the investigated trees developed 70.0%-83.5% of filled seeds after self-pollination. Thus, those are not desirable as trees for seed parent in establishing $F_1$-hybrid seed orchards in future. A further study on the rate of filled seed development by various pollination systems consisting of self-pollination, self-and cross-pollination with intraspecific, mixed (tree's own and foreign pollens) pollens and cross-pollination with interspecific, mixed pollens of the two parental tree species is necessary to determine the quality of seed parent trees in establishing $F_1$-hybrid seed orchards.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.12C
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• pp.1265-1275
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• 2002

In the network management system, there are two approaches; the centralized approach based on SNMP and the distributed approach based on mobile agent. Some information changes with time and the manager needs to monitor its value in real time. In such a case, the polling is generally used in SNMP because the manager can query agents periodically. However, the polling scheme needs both request and response messages for management information every time, which results in network traffic increase. In this paper, we suggest an adaptive network monitoring method to reduce the network traffic for SNMP-based network management. In the proposed strategy, each agent first decides its on monitoring period. Then, the manager collects them and approves each agent's period without modification or adjusts it based on the total traffic generated by monitoring messages. After receiving response message containing monitoring period from the manager, each agent sends management information periodically without the request of manager. To evaluate performance of the proposed method, we implemented it and compared the network traffic and monitoring quality of the proposed scheme with the general polling method.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate how to strengthen the formation of relationship competence through the lesson in the housing of the 2015 revised Technology Home Economics curriculum. In order to achieve this goal, we analyzed curriculum documents, achievement standards of curriculum, achievement standards of assessment, and assessment standards of the 2015 revised Technology Home Economics curriculum. Then, we analyzed whether or not the curriculum could be truly reflected in the school site by comparing and analyzing verbs of the assessment standards and curriculum content system. In addition, we suggested the plan to ensure that 2015 revised curriculum can be implemented well by proposing a method of teaching-learning and assessment standards to cultivate the formation of relationship competence among the housing lessons. The results of the study are as follows. First, the 2015 revised Technology Home Economics curriculum are categorized into three subject competences according to the content, but eventually show the content is not mutually exclusive with the three subject competences. It can be said to demonstrate the characteristics of human ability development, that is, one learning can't be related only to one competency. Second, it is difficult to reflect the assessing subject competencies system in school education, where evaluation is carried out based on the assessment standards. This is because the skills of the 2015 revised curriculum documents are partially reflected in the assessment standards. Therefore, this study shows that teachers need to cultivate various subject competencies. In order to overcome the fundamental limitations of the competency-centered curriculum, it is necessary to retrain the teachers as well as to improve teaching and learning methods for operating the curriculum.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.227-253
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• 2003

Morphological characters of C. kobomugi, C. gibba, C. echinata. C. remotiuscula. C. maakii. C. curta, and C. loliacea of genus Carex were rexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a light microscope(LM). Morphological characters. such as length and width of stem and leaf, sheath, bract, spike, scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium, length of spike peduncle, size, and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf, number of bract, shape of stem transection, scale and apex of scale, beak and base of perigynium, achene, epidermal cell and cell wall of perigynium, achene, leaf epidermal patterns (fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, silica body, subsidiary cell), hair, papillae, prickle present/absent of perigynium and leaf were useful for the identification of observed seven taxa. Examined six taxa of section Macrocephalae, Gibbae, Stellulatae, Elongatae, Ovales, and Heleonates were distint from each other with respect of length and width stem, leaf, bract, perigynium, perigynium beak, lenght of spike peduncle, perigynium, and leaf. A key based on data was presented here.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2011

This study was conducted to estimate genetic effects on economically important traits for genetic improvement in Hanwoo by using the real-time ultrasound measurements for longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (Marb). The phenotypic data were obtained from 1,648 pedigreed cows, and general linear models were applied to test the effects of age, region, and body condition socre. The cows between 50 and 60 months of age had the greatest scores for LMA and BFT, and Marb (P<0.05). The cows in region C had the greatest scores for body condition socre, LMA and BFT, while in region J Marb was the lowest (P<0.05). There was positive relation with LMA, BFT, and Marb according to increase body condition socre. Heritabilities for LMA, BFT, and Marb were estimated as 0.136, 0.351, and 0.236, respectively. These results would provide primary information for the efficient implementation of genetic improvement schemes in Hanwoo.

• School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.355-386
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• 2014

Algebraic generalization of patterns is based on the capability of grasping a structure inherent in several objects with awareness that this structure applies to general cases and ability to use it to provide an algebraic expression. The purpose of this study is to investigate how students generalize patterns using an algebraic object such as parameters and what are difficulties in geometric-arithmetic pattern tasks related to algebraic generalization and to determine whether the students can use parameters meaningfully through pattern generalization tasks that this researcher designed. During performing tasks of pattern generalization we designed, students differentiated parameters from letter 'n' that is used to denote a variable. Also, the students understood the relations between numbers used in several linear equations and algebraically expressed the generalized relation using a letter that was functions as a parameter. Some difficulties have been identified such that the students could not distinguish parameters from variables and could not transfer from arithmetical procedure to algebra in this process. While trying to resolve these difficulties, generic examples helped the students to meaningfully use parameters in pattern generalization.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2014

약 100년 전 미국에서 전파(電波, Radio Wave) 프런티어(Frontier) 시대가 시작된 이래 전파는 ICT산업의 기반 기술의 역할을 충실히 수행하고 있다. 최근에는 전파의 활용이 전통적인 통신, 방송, 국방 분야를 넘어 센싱, 보안, 의료, 무선전력전송 등 다양한 분야로 확장되고 있다. 이에 따라 용도지정에 따른 배타적인 주파수 사용을 기반으로 하는 기존의 전파정책으로는 급증하는 전파 수요를 충족할 수 없다. 이에 본 고에서는 최근 전파 이용이 급격히 확산되는 시기를 역사적으로 고찰하여 전파 르네상스 시대라고 명명하고, 이를 뒷받침할 미래 전파 정책의 방향을 새롭게 제시한다.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.19 no.6 s.196
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• pp.48-55
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• 1999

원자력발전소가 안전하게 운전되기 위해서는 실제 직접 설비를 다루고 있는 발전소 운전원의 역할이 매우 중요하다. 운전원의 인적 실수를 감소시키기 위해서는 설비 개선이나 제도적인 장치도 물론 중요하지만 누구나 운전원으로 근무하기를 희망하고 자긍심을 가질 수 있는 정책적인 지원이 병행되지 않으면 근본적으로 인적 실수를 방지하는데는 한계가 있다. 따라서 인적 실수를 근본적으로 방지하기 위해서는 관리자는 주제어실내에서 운전원의 행위를 관리 감독하는 역할에 충실해야 하고 보수적인 의사 결정을 해야 한다. 그리고 우수한 인력을 운전원에 배치하고, 경험있는 운전원들이 긍지와 자부심을 가지고 되도록 오랜 기간운전원으로서 근무할 수 있는 환경을 만들어 주어야 한다.

• 대학교육
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• s.79
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• pp.54-67
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• 1996

대학의 성격이 변화하고 시대적.역사적 요청이 도전으로 다가오는 이 시점에서 대학개혁을 성공적으로 정착시킬 수 있고, 대학의 목적과 사명을 충실하게 성취할 수 있기 위해서는 종래의 대학 행정조직의 틀로부터 새로운 시대에 적합한 틀로서의 전환적 대학행정조직의 틀이 마련되어야만 한다. 전환적 행정조직의 모형은 일(과업) 중심 조직으로의 전환, 수혜자 우선지원의 서비스 행정 강화, 조직관리의 철학과 실질적 기능 수행의 강조, 능력사회의 전형으로서 제시되는 애드호크러시 지향, 의사결정별 문제중심의 편제기준에 따른 구조화, 자율적 평자체제에 초점을 둔 전문적 기획기능의 강화를 추구한다.

• Digital Contents
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• no.3 s.154
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• pp.99-105
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• 2006

MMORPG 대작들의 경쟁이 본격화 됐다. 온라인 게임시장의 빅3라 불리는 썬, 그라나도에스파다, 제라가 오픈베타테스트를 시작했거나 준비하고 있기 때문이다. 이런 경쟁속에서 참신함과 게임본연의 목적에 충실한 온라인게임 하나가 유저들에게 좋은 반응을 얻고 있다. 그 이름은 루니아 전기. 지난 2005년 국내 온라인 게임의 흐름이 MMORPG와 캐주얼 게임을 즐기는 헤비유저와 라이트유저로 구분됐지만, 루니아전기는 미들코어유저를 공략하고 있다. 즉 MMORPG의 중독성과 캐주얼 게임이 가진 대중성과 쉬운 조작성을 동시에 표방했다는 의미다. 그럼 1월24일 오픈베타테스트를 시작한 이후 참신한 매력으로 유저들에게 다가서고 있는 루니아전기에 대해서 살펴보도록하자.