• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.918-927
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of collisions by examining 668 cases of merchant ship collision accidents that occurred during the past 12 years (2010-2021) and analyzed them statistically. Further, the analysis results were applied to propose a human error prevention collision avoidance (HEPCA) model. The statistical annual report of the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) and the collision investigation report were investigated to collect data on the causes of collisions of merchant ships, and frequency analysis was performed using the statistical analysis tool, SPSS Statistics. In the first-stage analysis, the causes of collisions were analyzed targeting 668 merchant ship collision accidents, and in the second-stage analysis, the identified maximum frequency cause factors were analyzed in detail. The analysis results identified that 98 % of the cause of the collision was the human error of the navigator, and the highest frequency was in the order of neglect of look-out > violation of navigation regulations > improper maneuvering. The cause of the neglect of look-out was mainly neglecting continuous monitoring after the first recognition of the target ship. The HEPCA model for human error prevention was proposed by applying the analysis results to the collision case of the investigation report. The results of this study are expected to be used as educational materials at marine navigator educational institutions and in practice for avoiding collisions caused by human errors of navigators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.801-809
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the prevention of ship collisions by investigating real ship collision cases and statistically analyzing causes of human error for captains and Officers of the Watch (OOW). This study encompassed a total of 109 cases for 218 vessels, which were suitable for the analysis of ship accidents between merchant ships or merchant ships and fishing boats over the 7 years from 2010 to 2016. Data was collected while classifying vessels according to type, Give-way and Stand-on vessels, along with the cause of human error. Factors causing human error were identified after focusing on the cause of each collision given by the OOW ; frequency and cross tabulation analyses were conducted using SPSS, a statistical analysis tool. As a result, the main causes of human error by an OOW in a ship collision situation were that lookout was neglected in a Give-way vessel including radar surveillance (74.3 %) or continuous observation of an opponent vessel was carried out (17.4 %). A major factor for Stand-on vessels was failure to act to avoid collision with another vessel (63.3 %). In particular, most neglect for lookout type merchant ships occurred after the opponent ship was first observed, and a common cause of lookout neglect and neglect of duty was a focus on other tasks during navigational watch time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 소형 어선에서 항해사로 인해 발생하는 인적오류에 의해서 야기될 수 있는 선박 충돌사고를 예방하여 항행안전을 도모함에 있다. 이를 위해 2005년부터 2020년까지 총 16년의 해양사고재결서를 수집하여 주제어, 사고 관련 법규, 사고위치, 사고일시 등 사고 관련 내용을 분류하였다. 분류한 내용을 기반으로 원인판단 주제어와 사고 요인들과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 경계소흘은 충돌 원인의 대부분을 차지하였고, 경계소홀의 원인은 무리한 조업으로 인한 피로 누적과 졸음이 상당수를 차지하였다. 이는 소형 어선의 선박 충돌사고를 예방하기 위해서는 경계소흘에 대한 대응방안이 필요하다는 것이고, 기술 개발에 따른 자동화 등의 방법을 통해 소형 선박 충돌사고 예방 연구가 적용되어야 한다. 추후에는 소형 어선의 작업 특성을 분석하겠으며, 실제 충돌사고 예방에 기여할 수 있는 연구를 수행할 예정이다.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.141-146
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• 2008

퇴행성 변화에 의한 회전근 개 파열은 보통 관절면측에서 파열이 먼저 시작되어 전층 파열로 진행되는 것이 보편적인 반면 점액낭면 파열은 견봉하 충돌 증후군에 의해 주로 발생하지만 충돌 증후군에 의해 관절면 또는 건내 파열도 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 연령에 따른 퇴행성 변화와 더불어 생역학적 기전 등의 내적 요인과 충돌 증후군 또는 외상 등의 외적인 요인이 복합적으로 작용하는 회전근 개 파열은 관절면과 점액낭면에 파열이 공존할 수 있다. 결론적으로 회전근 개 파열은 보통 퇴행성 변화가 가장 기본적인 원인으로 생각되나 하나의 원인을 독립적으로 생각하기 보다는 다양한 원인이 동시에 혹은 단계적으로 작용하여 임상적으로 의미있는 병적인 상태로 진행한다고 보는 것이 타당하리라 생각된다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.7-11
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• 2003

Ship is being operated under a highly dynamic environments and many factors are related with ship's collision and those factors are interacting. So, an analysis on the ship's collision causes is very important to prepare countermeasures which will ensure the safe navigation. And the analysis confirmed that ship's collision is occurred most frequently and the cause is closely related with human factor. The main purpose of this study is to build a model of human factors in ship's collision cause using SD(System Dynamics} approach and to measure a effect which is risk control countermeasures of ship's collision. To achieve this aim, the structure analysis on the causes of ship's collision using FSM are performed, and the structure was changed by quantitative, qualitative factors and their feedback loops in casual map. This model was performed over 20 years(1993-2012) in a standard simulation model and 8 policy simulation models.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.493-498
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• 2003

Ship is being operated under a highly dynamic environments and many factors are related with ship's collision and those factors are interacting. So, An analysis on the ship's collision muses is very important to prepare countermeasures which will ensure the safe navigation. And the analysis confirmed that ship's collision is occurred most frequently and the muse is closely related with human factor. The main purpose of this study is to build a model of human factors in ship's collision muse using SD(System Dynamics} approach and to measure a effect which is risk control countermeasures of ship's collision. To achieve this aim, the structure analysis on the muses of ship's collision using FSM are performed, and the structure was changed by quantitative, qualitative factors and their feedback loops in casual map. This model was performed over 20 years(1993-2012) in a standard simulation model and 8 policy simulation models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2017

Enlargement and speed-up of a ship and diversification of ship's type have served to greatly increase the importance of marine transport means. It's reported that accident occurrence frequency of collision is high next to engine damage among the ship accident types, and that the accident ratio according to human factors is also high. In addition, ship accidents come to occur caused by complex cause factors rather than a sole cause factor, it is necessary to investigate the cause factors through the written verdict. This study proposed the cause factors of collision ship accident on the basis of human factors in collision ship accident among the written verdicts provided by the Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal, and inquired into the cause factor and effect through the correlation analysis of accident occurrence factors. Also, this study predicted the collision accident through analyzed the major cause factor of the occurrence at the zero minute when collision on the basis of the time taken from the time point of detecting collision of ships to the time point of collision occurrence. This study used commercial software-Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Ver21.0) to do correlation analysis. For time analysis, this study analyzed the cause factor and time by analyzing the time taken from the time point of detected ships to the time point of collision occurrence on the basis of the written verdicts. The study analysis showed that there were many cases of collision ship accidents occurrence caused by more than two sorts of cause factors, and that the case (zero minute) where there is no time to spare for collision avoidance accounted for 36.1 %, and negligence in guard or surveillance of the other ship, and sailing while drowsy, or drinking was a contributor to an accident. Poor watch keeping is very strong relationship with pool ready for sail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2020

According to the statistics provided by Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal for the year 2018, the majority of marine accidents in the past four years have occurred in fishing boats and small-sized boats. Negligent behavior resulting from not looking outside and non-compliance with navigation laws are the primary reasons behind ship collisions. Although safety education and training are reinforced to prevent such accidents, they still occur frequently. Hence, technical methods are continuously being developed to reduce ship collisions caused by human cause. The objective of this study is to reduce ship collisions by employing the WAVE communication system, which has short transmitting and receiving periods that can be incorporated for high-speed small-sized vessels. In this study, the suitability of the communication range was examined, and the appropriate range and timing for avoidance motion were accordingly selected, and a control algorithm based on the same was thereby designed. Consequently normal operation of the collision avoidance system was verified by connecting and simulating the proposed WAVE communication router-controller-steering equipment.

• 한국항공운항학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.144-147
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• 2015

외부이물질에 의한 손상(FOD)으로 인해 항공기 및 엔진 등의 원상복구를 위한 비용손실 뿐만 아니라 항공기 안전운항에 큰 위협요인으로 부각되고 있다. 그러나 우리나라 FOD와 관련 된 연구 실태는 엔진부품, 타이어, 기체 및 조류충돌에 의한 사건사고에 대한 통계분석 등이 주를 이루고 있으며, 잠재적으로 FOD를 유발할 수 있는 항공기를 정비하고 취급하는 정비사 및 지상 조업직원 등의 인적요인을 고려한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 FOD의 정의와 발생 원인들을 살펴보고, 항공정비사를 비롯한 지상 조업직원들의 인적요인에 의한 FOD 유발가능성 등을 연구하여 FOD방지를 위한 개선 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2018

해상교통사고의 가장 큰 책임은 사람에게 있기에 사람이 발생시킬 수 있는 사고의 요인을 명확하게 파악하고 선별할 수 있는 대책을 마련할 필요가 있다. 특히 사고를 발생시키는 근본적인 원인은 개인 스스로도 지각하지 못하는 적성상의 결함요인에 의해 발생할 가능성이 높다. 따라서 사고의 예방을 위해 개인의 적성에 대해 명확히 개념화 하고 측정하여 관리할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 항해사의 적성검사도구 개발을 위한 기초연구로서, 항해사 개인특성에 대한 사전연구 분석, 전문가 회의 및 설문조사 결과를 종합하여 항해사의 사고경향성 평가요인을 선정하고자 하였으며, 이를 기반으로 항해사의 사고경향성을 평가할 수 있는 항해사 적성검사도구의 프로토타입을 개발하고자 하였다.