This thesis examined interpreting methodology of Do Won Lew Seung Kug(1923~2011) is based on the principle of Juhng-yaug. His lifelong academic aim was searching for the theory that enables global community to co-exist peacefully through humanitarianism that leads to reconciliation and mutual benefits. The research of the history of Korean thoughts provided him with the clue for his theory. According to Do Won, Korean thoughts pursue the Juhng-yaug's value of 'Yin and Yang accordance' rather than the I-Ching's value of 'suppress Yin and elevate Yang'. He furthermore asserts the concept of the middle (中), which harmonizes the two extremes by human beings as main agents, has been consistently observed from the action of divination during the ancient period through Juhng-yaug in the late 19th century. Do Won identifies 'human maturity that integrates the extremely conflicting insistences and values and seeks to be reconciled' as the basic character of Korean thoughts. He explains 'Hongikingan[弘益人間, becoming beneficial to the human world] is the idea that embraces the conflicting values symbolized by heaven and the earth. He also illuminates that Choe Chi Won(崔致遠)'s created Poongliu Do by integrating heterogeneity among Confucianism, Buddhim, and Daoism and it was attainable through the various works of mature human beings. Both Toe Gye' s philosophy of Ingeuk(人極, the Great Ultimate of Person) and the concept of Innaecheon(人乃天, Human Being right is Heaven) of Donghak are excellent examples of Humanitarianism that sublate two extremes. In Korea, the prototype of this thought has penetrated its entire history in the various circumstances of the period. The grand finale is Juhng-yaug of which the pursued values are 'Yin and Yang accordance' and mature humanitarianism revealed by the thoughts of the Person of the Central Ultimate (皇極人,至人) and Central Ultimate (皇極). Therefore, Humanitarianism in Korean thoughts clearly makes its appearance by the time of Juhng-yaug and it functions as a keyword to illuminate the entire history of Korean thoughts in reverse.
Until now, I guess, many scholars misunderstood the characteristic of economic awareness of Yi Hang-no as if it was a modern nationalism or radicalism against Japanese anti-Korean insistences. But I think these opinions are out of historical attitude. So to understand Yi's economic awareness correctly, I think, We should focus on the traditional Confucian thought system at that time. As one method to reach the goal, I focused on the word, Jeong-jeon-je: Oriental equal land system. Yi Hang-no put the importance on Jeong-jeon-je to make utopia he dreamed of. Yi thought Jeong-jeon-je is the basis of equal society and strong state. Also Yi thought a moral society would be achieved by Jeong-jeon-je because the equal land system, so called Jeong-jeon-je provide peasants with equal lands, so it makes peasants stable in economic situation. Especially, Yi Hang-no put importance on that Jeong-jeon-je would raise moral consciousness of people because equal economic condition makes people wealthy, so people would be good men naturally. Yi Hang-no explain it in basis of Insim-Dosim-seol: a theory of two minds bad & good to be. Yi Hang-no thought equal economic condition is the basis of making people moral being. He thought Jeong-jeon-je was a basis of the condition. Reversely, Yi thought Western insists of trade was the beginning of making people fight for individual benefit, so it produces devil selfishness out of human mind. That was the reason that Yi Hang-no opposed the trade with Western Powers. Eventually Yi's assertion of embargo came out of his Insim-Dosim-seol. In this context, Yi's Jeong-jeon-je was insisted as a method to raise human moral consciousness.
In this paper, Bowen's family therapy from the perspective of the theory, narrative analysis of Korean novels, three Regis - tration Subsection.Bowen's description of the individual's behavior is causing problems within the family of anxiety and self-differentiation using two variables. The home if problems or conflicts expressed in these works, the figures showed that the undifferentiated ego at the center of the problem. Undifferentiated ego character felt extreme anxiety when their alienation from the relationship of the family-oriented jeokjangja Undifferentiated ego to relieve anxiety and to consolidate their position in the family relationship, so people were strongly united with each other. Sohyunseongnok, Chossisamdaerok series structures and patterns of a series of domestic problems occur, "mother and son, self-differentiation self undifferentiated undifferentiated ego and self-differentiation mother son, mother and self-ego undifferentiated undifferentiatedcan be subdivided into the son '.Established a symbiotic relationship between them and the U.S. established the presence of a pattern, healer, depending on the deployment method depends narrative. And is divided accordingly, self-determination and to the Son, a son, a son to be born again through repentance of the execution. Depending on the presence or absence healer than what was described on the deployment structure differs. Undifferentiated ego and self undifferentiated mother son family therapist within the family, the problem is solved. Son, a son to repent and be born again, and that caused the problem. Ego Undifferentiated mother and son self-differentiation, undifferentiated ego and self-differentiation mother son home my healer in the absence son committed suicide and executions each tragedy occurred. Personal level, but occurred at home conflicts or problems about this when analyzing the Three-generation stories of the Joseon Dynasty, by applying the theory of Bowen's Family Therapy view dimension in the relationship between family were. Toughness or desire of any one individual, but serious conflicts and problems within the family, the institution of the family itself is the root cause was. And was able to reveal aspects of narrative flow, depending on the presence or absence of family therapists vary significantly depending on his role in the rest of the family comfort and peace determines whether the Three-generation stories of the Joseon Dynasty, received an important narrative of men and axis formation. In a gauze-like situation of this problem in the Three-generation stories of the Joseon Dynasty, a personal desire or toughness in confined without the dimension of the entire family. And extrinsic psychological approach against the background of the wall in the main narrative of the sufferings of women of Korean novels, approached significance.
Lim, Si On;Park, Hye Ri;Jung, Na Young;Park, Cho Eun;Kanwal, Sumaira;Chung, Ki Wha
Journal of Life Science
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v.31
no.5
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pp.453-463
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2021
Hearing loss is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by congenital- to adult-onset deafness with frequent additional symptoms such as myopathy, nephropathy, and optic disorders. It is commonly divided into two types: syndromic, with no other symptoms, and nonsyndromic, with other symptoms. Autosomal recessive hearing loss is relatively frequent in Pakistan, which may be due in part to frequent consanguineous marriages. This study was performed by whole exome sequencing to determine the genetic causes in two Pakistani consanguineous families with autosomal recessive hearing loss. We identified a pathogenic homozygous variant (p.Leu326Gln in MYO7A) in a family with prelingual-onset hearing loss and two variants of uncertain significance (p.Val3094Ile in GPR98 and p.Asp56Gly in PLA2G6) in a family with early-onset hearing loss concurrent with muscular atrophy. The missense mutations in MYO7A and PLA2G6 were located in the highly conserved sites, and in silico analyses predicted pathogenicity, while the GPR98 mutation was located in the less conserved site, and most in silico analysis programs predicted its nonpathogenic effect. Homozygosity mapping showed that both alleles of the homozygous mutations identified in each family originated from a single founder; spread from this single source might be due to consanguineous marriages. This study will help provide exact molecular diagnosis and treatment for autosomal recessive hearing loss patients in Pakistan.
It is not uncommon in Korea to see the structure and function of a garden remain intact as well as its form. Yi Cheon-bo's Historic House (Gyeonggi-do Cultural Heritage Item No. 55), located in Sang-myeon, Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, is considered an example of very valuable garden heritage, although its family history, location, and remaining buildings and natural cultural assets are not fully intact. Along with Yi Cheon-bo's Historic House, this study attempted to explore the possibility of restoration of the forest houses and gardens by highlighting the high value of Yi Cheon-bo's Historic House through research into the typical layout of private households in northern Gyeonggi Province and Gapyeong County, comparative review of aerial photographs from 1954, and interviews with those involved. The results of the study are as follows: In this study, the presence of Banggye-dongmun and Bansukam in the Banggyecheon area, where the location of the garden was well-preserved, was examined across the landscape of the outer garden, while the location of Yi Cheon-bo's Historic House, the appearance of feng shui, and the viewing axis were considered. Also, the appearance of the lost main house was inferred from the arrangement and shape of the Sarangchae and Haengrangchae that remain in the original garden, and the asymmetry of the Sarangchae Numaru and the hapgak shape on the side of the roof. In addition, the three tablets (Pyeonaeks) of Sanggodang (尙古堂), Bangyejeongsa (磻溪精舍), and Okgyeongsanbang (玉聲山房) were used to infer the landscape, use, and symbolism of the men's quarters. Also, a survey was conducted on the trees that existed or existed in the high prices. Incidentally, it was confirmed that information on boards and cultural properties of Yeonha-ri juniper (Gyeonggi-do Monument No. 61) was recorded to a much lesser extent than the actual required standard, and the juniper trees remaining in the front of Haengrangchae should also be re-evaluated after speculation. On the other hand, as a result of estimating the original shape as a way of pursuing completeness of the garden through restoration of the lost women's quarters and shrine, it is estimated that the main house was placed in the form of a '口' or a 'be warped 口' on the right (north) side of the men's quarters. By synthesizing these results, a restoration alternative for Yi Cheon-bo's Historic House was suggested.
Kim, Hyunsoo;Kang, HwanKu;Kang, Boseok;Kim, ChanHo
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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v.21
no.12
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pp.558-569
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2020
This study examined the frequency of a broiler's stay in each area as stock density using an ICT-based image analysis technique from the perspective of precision livestock farming (PLF) according to the increase in the domestic broiler farms to understand the normal behavior patterns of broilers by age. The broiler was used in the experimental box (3.3×2.7 m) in a poultry house in Gyeonggi province. The stock densities were 9.5 birds/㎡ (n=85) and 19 birds/㎡ (n=170), respectively, and the frequency of stay by feeding, water, and rest area was monitored using a top-view camera. The image data of three-colored-specific broilers identified as the stock density were acquired by age (12, 16, 22, 27, and 29 days) for six hours. In the collected image data, the object tracking technique was used to record the cumulative movement path by connecting approximately 640,000 frames at 30 fps to quantify the frequency of stay in each area. In each stock density, it was significant in the order of the rest area, feeding, and water area (p<0.001). In 9.5 birds/㎡, it was at 57.9, 24.2, and 17.9 %, and 73.2, 16.8, and 10 % in 19 birds/㎡. The frequency of a broiler's stay could be evaluated in each area as the stock density using an ICT-based image analysis technique that minimizes stress. This method is expected to be used to provide basic material for developing an ICT-based management system through real-time monitoring.
Park, Ji Hye;Heo, Yeong Cheol;Kim, Yon min;Han, Dong Kyoon
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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v.15
no.4
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pp.463-472
/
2021
Demand for examinations using transvaginal transducer with high frequencies is increasing to observe pelvic organs in gynecological ultrasound tests. However, the quality control of the replacement probe in clinical trials is not properly implemented and the evaluation criteria have not been established. Therefore, 58 transvaginal transducers and 20 convex transducers were applied to the ATS-539 ultrasound phantom for 20 ultrasound devices currently in clinical use to obtain their respective images and measure them quantitatively and qualitatively. For quantitative measurements, vertical measurement, horizontal measurement, and focal zone and qualitative measurements, dead zone, axial·lateral resolution, sensitivity, functional resolution, gray scale·dynamic range were performed. Quantitative statistical analysis showed significant differences between the two transducers in the lateral measurement and local area (p<0.05). qualitative comparative analysis showed differences in sensitivity and functional resolution. This occurs due to the difference in frequency between transducers and the transducer's injection geometry. Based on the above experiments, the tolerance for horizontal measurement is raised to 10% (±8 mm), the tolerance for sensitivity is observed up to 6 cm deep, which is 12 cm deep,which is the level of the third quartile (75%). The permissible range of functional resolution is up to 6 (12 cm), 6 (12 cm), 11 (11 cm), 9 (9 cm), 6 (6 cm) target, which is the level of the third quartile (75%). It is considered reasonable to adjust the depth of targets in gray scale·dynamic range to measure at a depth of 2 cm, which is 50% of the depth of 4 cm. As above, the criteria for evaluating the quality of transvaginal transducer for use in the past have been proposed and it is expected that this study will be used as a basic data for the production of phantom exclusively for transvaginal transducer in the future.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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v.39
no.4
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pp.24-37
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2021
This study was conducted to newly examine the original landscape of Buyongjeong(芙蓉亭) and Juhamnu(宙合樓) areas in Changdeokgung Palace(昌德宮), focusing on the modern period including the Korean Empire, and to derive useful research results for restoration and maintenance in the future. The study results can be summarized as follows. First, the artificial island in Buyongji(芙蓉池) was originally made up of a straight layer using well-trimmed processed stone. However, during the maintenance work in the 1960s and 1970s, the artificial island in Buyongji was transformed into a mixture of natural and processed stones. The handrail installed on the upper part of the artificial island in Buyongji is a unique facility that is hard to find similar cases. The handrail existed even during the Korean Empire, but was completely destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. Second, Chwibyeong(翠屛), which is currently located on the left and right of Eosumun(魚水門), is the result of a reproduction based on Northern bamboo in 2008. Although there is a view that sees the plant material of Eosumun Chwibyeong as Rigid-branch yew, the specific species is still vague. Looking at the related data and circumstances from various angles, at least in the modern era, it is highly probable that the Eosumun Chwibyeong was made of Chinese juniper like Donggwanwangmyo Shrine(東關王廟) and Guncheongung(乾淸宮) in Gyeongbokgung Palace(景福宮). Third, the backyard of Juhamnu was a space with no dense trees on top of a stone staircase-shaped structure. The stone stairway in the backyard of Juhamnu was maintained in a relatively open form, and it also functioned as a space to pass through the surrounding buildings. However, as large-scale planting work was carried out in the late 1980s, the backyard of Juhamnu was maintained in the same shape as a Terraced Flower Bed, and it was transformed into a closed space where many flowering plants were planted. Fourth, Yeonghwadang Namhaenggak(暎花堂 南行閣), which had a library function like Gyujanggak(奎章閣) and Gaeyuwa(皆有窩), was destroyed in the late 1900s and was difficult to understand in its original form. Based on modern photographs and sketch materials, this study confirmed the arrangement axis of Yeonghwadang Namhaenggak, and confirmed the shape and design features of the building. In addition, an estimated restoration map referring to 「Donggwoldo(東闕圖)」 and 「Donggwoldohyung(東闕圓形)」 was presented for the construction of basic data.
Purpose: The aim of this study were to find ideal entry point of straight antegrade humeral intramedullary nail (SAHN) for the treatment of proximal humerus fracture in Korean and to analyze anatomical conformity using computed tomography. Materials and Methods: From May 2014 to October 2016, the study was conducted retrospectively on 74 Korean patients who had taken computed tomography on both normal and affected shoulder joint as result of shoulder injury. The mean age of the patients was 64.5 years (range, 22-95 years). Radiologic evaluation was done using multiplanar reconstruction technique of the computer tomography on normal proximal humerus. We located ideal entry point of SAHN as the point where humerus intramedullary center axis and humeral head meet. Distance between the entry point and local anatomical landmark was measured. We defined the critical distance as the distance between entry point and the most medial point of the supraspinatus attachment site. For adequate fixation and avoidance of injury to rotator cuff, critical distance should be over 8 mm according to Euler, and we defined the critical type when it is less than 8 mm. Critical distance, sex, age, height, body weight, body mass index was evaluated for the statistical significance. Results: The ideal entry point was as follows: the mean anteroposterior distance, the sagittal distance to the lateral margin of bicipital groove, was 11.5 mm and the mean mediolateral distance, the coronal distance to the lateral margin of grater tuberosity, was 20.5 mm. The mean critical distance, distance from the entry point to the just medial to insertion of the supraspinatus tendon, was 8.0 mm. Critical type with critical distance less than 8 mm was found in 41 in 74 patients (55.4%). Conclusion: The ideal entry point of SAHN in Korean was located on 11.5 mm posteriorly from the lateral margin of bicipital groove and 20.5 mm medially from lateral margin of greater tuberosity. More than half of the cases were critical type. Since critical type can possibly cause rotate cuff injury during nail insertion on entry point, surgeon should consider anatomical variance before choosing surgical option.
Kim, Suyoung;Won, Geunhye;Lee, Min Ji;Kim, Sung Won
Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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v.60
no.4
/
pp.535-543
/
2022
A CPFD (Computational particle fluid dynamics) model of solar fluidized bed receiver of silicon carbide (SiC: average dp=123 ㎛) particles was established, and the model was verified by comparing the simulation and experimental results to analyze the effect of particle behavior on the performance of the receiver. The relationship between the heat-absorbing performance and the particles behavior in the receiver was analyzed by simulating their behavior near bed surface, which is difficult to access experimentally. The CPFD simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental values on the solids holdup and its standard deviation under experimental condition in bed and freeboard regions. The local solid holdups near the bed surface, where particles primarily absorb solar heat energy and transfer it to the inside of the bed, showed a non-uniform distribution with a relatively low value at the center related with the bubble behavior in the bed. The local solid holdup increased the axial and radial non-uniformity in the freeboard region with the gas velocity, which explains well that the increase in the RSD (Relative standard deviation) of pressure drop across the freeboard region is responsible for the loss of solar energy reflected by the entrained particles in the particle receiver. The simulation results of local gas and particle velocities with gas velocity confirmed that the local particle behavior in the fluidized bed are closely related to the bubble behavior characterized by the properties of the Geldart B particles. The temperature difference of the fluidizing gas passing through the receiver per irradiance (∆T/IDNI) was highly correlated with the RSD of the pressure drop across the bed surface and the freeboard regions. The CPFD simulation results can be used to improve the performance of the particle receiver through local particle behavior analysis.
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