• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.28
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• pp.31-38
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• 2010

Extraction efficiency of colorants from red bean and black bean seed coat and its storage stability were examined according to the various extracting and storage conditions in this study. The obtained results were as follows ; The absorbance values of extracted colorants were increased with increasing extract time and temperature. pH 4 extracting was most efficient among the various pH conditions. The absorbance values of extracted colorant from red bean were increased with increasing extract time and temperature, when the extraction process was kept at $30^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, but it were decreased with increasing extract time at $70^{\circ}C$. In the case of black bean, it were also increased with increasing extract time and temperature. pH 5 extract was most efficient among the various pH conditions. In juice extractor system from red bean, the pH 5 of the pre-treatment was more efficient than the distilled water of pre-treatment. In black beans of the short-term pre-treatment with distilled water, the colorant was extracted better than at pH 5, but above 4 hours pre-treatment was decrease in pH 5. The Methionine added as a stabilizer gave the more effect to the stability of colorant from red bean the more Methionine addition. In the case of black bean 10mmol addition of methionine was more efficient than 20mmol.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine biological characteristics of Acorus calamus L. angustatus by using aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts from the leaves and the rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. angustatus plants. The highest total phenol contents were found in the extracts from the leaves of Acorus calamus L. angustatus ($68.4mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) followed by rhizome ($49.3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). At $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ the free radical scavenging activity of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl showed the highest activity in the extracts of the leaves and the rhizomes by 86.3% and 86.1%, respectively. Total flavonoid contents at $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ extracts showed the greatest amount in the aqueous leaf extracts ($61.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and the ethanol rhizome extracts ($15.4mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). Nitrite radical scavenging activity at $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was highest in the methanol extracts from leaves and rhizomes by 75.7% and 77.9%, respectively. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of leaves and rhizome from the Acorus calamus L. angustatus was very low, showing less than 1.3% regardless of the extract solvent, plant part, and concentration. These results indicated that methanol extracts from leaves exhibited higher biological activities than other extracts from rhizomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2019.06a
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• pp.29-31
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• 2019

샷 경계 검출(Shot Boundary Detection)은 영상 콘텐츠 분석을 위한 필수적인 기술이며, 다양한 방식으로 편집된 영상의 샷 경계를 정확하게 검출하기 위한 연구가 지속되어 왔다. 그러나 기존에 연구들은 고정된 샷 경계 검출 알고리즘이나 매뉴얼한 작업과 같이 학습이 불가능한 과정이 포함되어 있어 성능 개선에 한계가 있었다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 과정을 제거한 End-to-End 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 모델은 시공간 정보 추출성능을 높이기 위해 행동 인식 데이터셋을 이용한 전이학습을 사용하고, 샷 경계 검출 성능을 높이기 위해 개선된 지식의 증류기법(Knowledge Distillation)을 결합한다. 제안하는 모델은 ClipShots 데이터셋에서 DeepSBD 에 비해 cut transition 과 gradual transition 이 각각 5.4%, 41.29% 높은 성능을 보였고, DSM 과의 비교에서 cut transition 의 정확도가 1.3% 더 높은 결과를 보였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.505-509
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• 2023

개체명 인식은 주어진 텍스트에서 특정 유형의 개체들을 식별하고 추출하는 작업이다. 일반적인 딥러닝 기반 개체명 인식은 사전에 개체명들을 모두 정의한 뒤 모델을 학습한다. 하지만 실제 학습 환경에서는 지속적으로 새로운 개체명이 등장할 수 있을뿐더러 기존 개체명을 학습한 데이터가 접근이 불가할 수 있다. 또한, 새로 모델을 학습하기 위해 새로운 데이터에 기존 개체명을 수동 태깅하기엔 많은 시간과 비용이 든다. 해결 방안으로 여러 방법론이 제시되었지만 새로운 개체명을 학습하는 과정에서 기존 개체명 지식에 대한 망각 현상이 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 지식증류를 활용한 지속학습이 한국어 개체명 인식에서 기존 지식에 대한 망각을 줄이고 새로운 지식을 학습하는데 효과적임을 보인다. 국립국어원에서 제공한 개체명 인식 데이터로 실험과 평가를 진행하여 성능의 우수성을 보인다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.115-124
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• 2020

Marker pens belong to school things that are controlled by the regulation system called safety confirmation under special act on the safety of products for children with the formaldehyde criteria of 20 mg/kg. With nine marker pens available commercially, formaldehyde in marker pen ink was analyzed by present test standard where marking on a fabric swatch with a pen and extracting the swatch in water and derivatization with Nash reagent followed by UV/Vis spectrophotometeric measurement (Nash-UV/Vis method), giving not detected results or a false positive result in case of a colored water extract. However, the contents of formaldehyde in ink of nine marker pens were determinded to range between 3.2 ~ 93.2 mg/kg with three results above the safety criteria of 20 mg/kg by HPLC/DAD measurements on DNPH derivatives of formaldehyde (DNPH-HPLC/DAD method) in ink dissolved directly in water using an ultrasonic bath. Therefore, the DNPH-HPLC/DAD method with the extraction of ultrasonic dissolving ink in water is proposed as a proper method for analyzing formaldehyde in ink. The proposed method has advantages of lower detection limit and accuracy with colored extracts as well as a simple and fast extraction. The accuracy and precision of this method was estimated to be 90.1 ~ 105.4 % and 0.6 ~ 3.3 %, respectively by spiking tests in the ranges of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg using matrixes such as highlighter pen ink, board marker ink, chalk marker pen ink and painter marker ink.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2018

In this study, cinnamon essential oil (CEO) was formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and a granule. For the evaluation of their negative effects on the ecosystem, acute toxicities against Cyprinus carpio was determined in a static condition. The formulations were made using CEOs extracted by 3 different methods (steam distillation (SD), solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)) and were tested to obtain $LC_{50}$ values. Among the ECs, EC including CEO extracted by SFE showed highest acute toxicity against C. carpio. Among the granules, a granule including CEO extracted by SD showed highest acute toxicity against C. carpio. Nevertheless, $LC_{50}$ of EC and a granule formulation with CEOs was higher than toxicity level III of pesticide standardized by Korea rural development administration. These results were similar to those using zebrafishes. Chronic toxicities were not found for 45 days in zebrafishes until $500{\mu}gL^{-1}$ level of EC formulation including CEO obtained by the SD. Based on these results, EC formulation of CEOs may be considered to be used as environmental-friendly natural insecticides in accordance with the standards.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the extrusion process on the change of components in ginseng. The extraction yields from ginseng by distilled water extraction were highest in the extruded ginsengs, whereas it was lowest in the white ginseng. The contents of crude saponin were highest in the extruded ginseng, and they increased as the extrusion temperature was raised. The total contents of 11 kinds of ginsenosides increased in the order of red, white and extruded ginsengs. In particular, red ginseng showed higher contents of Rg1, Rg3 and Rb2, whereas Re was highest in white ginseng. In addition, the contents of Rg2, Rh1, Rh2 and Rg3 in the extruded white ginseng became higher. Free sugar contents were greatest in red ginseng. However, they were lowest in the extruded ginseng. White ginseng had a greater L value, whereas extruded ginseng demonstrated higher a and b values. In conclusion, the extraction yields, the contents of saponin, and ginsenoside-Rg2, Rh1, Rh2 and Rg3 were increased through the extrusion process.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2022

Sunbigi tree(Vitex rotundifolia L.f.), which grows wild in the southern part of Korea and along the coast of the West Sea, has a lot of useful value in terms of resource utilization. Since ancient times, it has been used as folk medicine or herbal medicine in the private sector. Although the leaves and stems have a strong scent, the fruit also has a strong scent, so there are some studies on extracting essential oil from the fruit of Sunbigi tree and analyzing the ingredients, but there are few studies on the fragrance component by extracting hydrosol. The reason is that the fruits are hard and it is difficult to identify the active ingredients contained in the general extraction method. Therefore, in this study, the results of analyzing the components contained in the fragrance of hydrosol obtained by extracting hard fruits at high temperature by different extraction methods are as follows. 1. The extraction condition with the highest flavonoid content was 30.57 mg/g with ethanol, followed by hot water extract at 18.26 mg/g and water extract at 9.69 mg/g with the lowest. 2. As a result of distillation extraction from the fruit of Sunbigi tree, the fragrance of hydrosol is 3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid, cyclobutyl ester, Eucalyptol, L-alpha-Terpineol, 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1 ,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1ar-(1a.alpha.,4a.alpha.,7.beta.,7a.beta.,7b.alpha.)] were found to be many.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2004

The immune activation and anticancer activities of the water and ethanol extracts from Artemisia capillaris Thunb. were studied. The growth of human hepatocarcinoma and human gastric cancer cell was inhibited by the addition of $1.0\;mg/m{\ell}$ of the water extract, by about 77% and 95%, respectively. The growth of human breast cancer cells was also inhibited by addition of $0.5\;mg/m{\ell}$ of both water and ethanol extracts by 88%. The growth of human normal lung cell, HEL299 was inhibited by 15% indicating very low cytotoxicity of both extracts. Overall selectivity of the both extracts on several human cancer cell line was over 2.5. The growth of both human B and T cells was enhanced up to 1.6 to 2.1 times by adding the ethanol extracts. The secretion of cytokines, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6, from human B cells was also increased showing $68\;pg/m{\ell}$ and $67\;pg/m{\ell}$, respectively, compared to $35{\sim}40\;pg/m{\ell}$ of the control. In terms of the immune activity, there was not much difference between water and ethanol extracts of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. It implies that the extraction solvent could not differ the biological activities of the extracts. Based on these results, Artemisia capillaris Thunb. can be developed into a potentially useful cancer chemoprentive agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.389-394
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the Rubia akane Nakai extract against food-borne pathogens. First, the Rubia akane Nakai was extracted with methanol at room temperature and the fractionation of the methanol extract was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the Rubia akane Nakai extract was determined by using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Synergistic antimicrobial effect was observed when Rubia akane Nakai extract was mixed with Viscum album var. coloratum extract as compared to each extract alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curves were determined by using methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai had strong antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. At this concentration, the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was retarded more than 72 hours and up to 48 hours for Bacillus cereus. From these results, it was concluded that the methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai inhibited effectively Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.