• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.72-88
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to analyze user behavior and preference factors in the outdoor spaces of mental hospitals. Among hospitals with 250 or more beds, 5 hospitals were selected in consideration of size of garden and diversity of garden elements. The subject of the study was restricted to mild cases of schizophrenia while 30~50 patients were selected on the recommendation of their doctor from 5 hospitals, respectively. The physical environment was analyzed, focusing on space components, after visiting the sites of study. A face to face interview method was selected in consideration of patients' cognitive abilities, a total of 230 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. Rest facilities occupy the largest numbers in the components of garden, and those are followed by landscape facilities, walking/exercise facilities, and experience facilities. Outdoor walking/exercise programs are classified into group walks and free walks with most patients taking group walks. Most of the patients visit these outdoor spaces every day but some of them rarely use the outdoor areas. In order to increase the efficiency of using these outdoor spaces, the percentage of space for ensuring a sense of control should properly harmonize with the percentage of space to facilitate patients in having social contact. With regard to the reasons for preferring the most widely-used outdoor spaces, landscape/environment property was the most important, followed by functionality and then accessibility. Major activities in the preferred space are mainly composed of walking/exercise and rest. The preferred facilities are waterscape facilities such as ponds, waterfalls and fountains, rest facilities such as pergolas and shade trees, and lawn. It was understood that naturalness should be considered to be the most important factor in constructing a new healing garden, followed by aesthetics and amenities. Single facilities rated by preference for introduction were flower beds, trails, and lawn. According to type, waterscape facilities such as fountains, ponds, waterfalls and waterwheels were most preferred. Space for natural distraction and programs for the cultivation of flower beds were also preferred. The ideal image of a healing garden should be bright, familiar, and orderly as a whole, having plenty of introduced facilities. Open spaces were preferred to enclosed spaces. Finally, the image of a garden that helps patients feel calm was thought to be that of the most ideal garden.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 1995

This experiment was canied out to select the soybean of high productivity suited for soiling. and growth characterisitcs, palatability, dry matter and crude protein yield of 10 cultivars of soybean have been evaluated at the experimental forage field. College of Natural Science of Kon-Kuk University in Chungju over three years (1 989-1 09 1 ). The results obtained are summarized as follows: JangBaek showed the tallest plant length from the 70th day to 80th day during cultivation period. and BaekUn showed the tallest at 90th day. PalDal among all cultivars showed the fastest growth rate and the strongest resistant lodging during cultivation period. The stem diameter of 70th day showed highly in order of PalDal and HwangKeum > BaekUn > KwangKyo and JangYeob, the 80th day showed highly in the order of TogYu > BaekCheon > JangBaek and 90th day showed highly in order of BangSa > BaekCheon > JangYeob. Stem hardness was highly increased with increasing of cultivation period, but no significant difference were found among the soybean cultivan. Especially, BaekUn and TogYu of 90th day showed very high as 17.9 and 17.6 kg/cm2, respectively. In the number of branch, PalDal was the lowest during cultivation period(70, 80 and 90th day), and 90th day showed lower two and three times than other soybeans(P<0.05). In the leaf rate, BaekCheon showed the highest according to cultivation period and the lowest in JangBaek. The fresh yield was tended to increase by increasing cultivation period at all cultivars except KwangKyo, but no significant differences were found among cultivars. Dry matter yield of JangYeob was the highest as 5, 861 kg/ ha at 70th day, and that of KwangKyo and TogYu was the highest as 7, 471 and 10, 603 kgha at 80th and 90th day, respectively. Relative palatability of 70th days showed very high at all soybean cultivars(81-100%), and that of 80th and 90th day showed the highest at TogYu, while showed the lowest at PalDal. In crude protein content of the 70th, 80th and 90th day, DanYeob, JangYeob and HwangKeum were the highest as 20.1, 17.9 and 20.4 percentage, respectively. Crude protein yield during cultivation period showed the highest at JangYeob(7Oth : 1, 068, 80th : 1, 211, 90th : 1, 882 kglha), but showed the lowest at BangSa(70th : 61 1, 80th : 814, 90th : 1, 078 kg/ha).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.128-140
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• 1982

The distribution and practical classification of sandy paddy soils, which have the most extensive acreage among low productive paddy soils in Korea and have distinctive improvement effects, were studied to propose a tentative new classification system of sandy textured paddy soils as a means of improving the "Paddy Soil Type Classification" scheme used. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The potential productivity of sandy textured paddy soils was about 86% of normal paddy and the coefficient of variation was relatively high indicating that the properties of soils included were not sufficiently homogeneous. 2. As the poorly drained and halomorphic (> 16 mmhos/cm of E.C. at $25^{\circ}C$) sandy soils are not included in the "Sandy Soil" type according to the criteria of "Soil Type Classification", the recommendation of "adding clay earth" become complicated, and the soil type have to change when the salts washed away or due to ground water table fluctuations. 3. Coarse textured soils were entirely included in the "Sandy Soils" in the tentative criteria of sandy soil classification proposed, and the sandy soils were subdivided into 4 subtypes that is "Oxidized leaching sandy paddy", Red-ox. intergrading sandy paddy", "Reduced accumulating sandy paddy" and "Reduced halomorphic sandy paddy". The system of sandy soil classification proposed were consisted of following categories; Type (Sandy paddy)-Sub-type (4)-Texture family (5)-Soil series (48). 4. The variation of productivities according to the proposed scheme was more homogenized than that of the present device. 5. The total extent of sandy paddy soils was 409, 902 ha (32.3% of total paddy) according to the present classification system, but the extent reached 492,983 ha (38.9%) by the proposed system. The provinces of Gyeong-gi (88.923ha), Jeon-bug (69.717 ha), Gyeong-bug (55.390 ha) have extensive acreage of sandy paddy soils, and the provinces that had high ratio of sandy paddy soils were Gang-weon (58.9%), Gyeong-gi (50.5%), Chung-bug (48.5%), Jeon-bug (41.0%) etc. The ratio was increased by the proposed scheme, e.g. 71.4% in the case of Gang-weon prov. 6. According to the suitability group of paddy soils, the sandy soils mostly belong to 3 class (69.1%) and 4 class (29.2%). Coarse loamy textural family (59.2%) and coarse silty (16.1 %) soils were dominantly distributed. 7. The "Red-ox. intergrading subtype" of sandy paddy pertinent to 49.6% (245,012 ha) while the "Oxidized leaching sub-type" reaches to 33.5% (64,890 ha) and the remained 16.9% (83,081ha) belong to "Reduced accumulating sub-type (14.0%) and "Reduced halomorphic sub-type (2.9%)" according to the proposed scheme.