• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.4 s.88
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• pp.559-567
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to optimize the use of mineral admixtures (silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag) in high-performance concrete for bridge deck overlay. For this purpose, high-performance concrete, incorporating mineral admixtures, was tested for compressive strength and permeability. The Box Behnken design was used to determine the optimum mix proportions of the mineral admixtures. The optimized mix compositions were then technically evaluated. Test results are compare with the performance specification for high performance concrete overlay on bridge deck. The optimum mix proportions were shown to possess acceptable properties. Also, it is possible to save the construction and materials costs result from a reduction In actual material cost and from the use of widely avaliable truck mixers instead of mobile mixers.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

This study is to develop simple solidifying agent to improve loose sand ground by admixing or injecting. This paper studied the optimum mixing ratio of micro cement, bentonite, chemistry admixture, plasticizer, accelerator for the optimum fluidity and strength. The optimum mixing ratio of micro cement and bentonite is 70% : 20%, the optimum ratio of the weight of rapid solidifying agent to the weight of total improved soil is about 8%, the optimum curing period is five days.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 1989

본 본문에서는 실리카 흄을 사용한 고강도 콘크리트의 제조와 역학적 특성 및 최적 배합에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 본 본문에서는 주요 실험변수를 물-시멘트비와 혼화재인 실리카 흄의 혼입량으로 정하였으며, 압축강도 및 휨강도와 합렬인장강도 특성을 분석하였다. 실리카흄의 혼입으로 강도가 증가함을 발견하였으나 어느 범위이상의 과도한 혼입은 오히려 강도를 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 물-시멘트비 0.28에서는 실리카 흄 혼입량이 5%일 때 최대의 강도가 나타났고, 물-시멘트비 0.40에서는 15%, 물-시멘트비 0.55에서는 20%혼입에서 가장 큰 강도가 나타났다. 또한 본 연구에서는 압축강도와 물-시멘트비 및 실리카 흄량 사이의 관계를 도출하여 그 관게식을 제시하였으며, 이 식으로부터 소요강도를 위한 본 배합변수를 유추할 수 있다. 본 연구결과 물-시멘트비 효과와 실리카 흄의 효과가 상쇄되는 구간이 존재하며, 따라서 이들 효과를 함께 고려한 최적배합을 도출하여 제시하고 있다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.469-473
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• 2007

The optimal formula for non-frozen pound cake was sought using a central composite design with a quadratic model, by response surface methodology (RSM). Behavior on supercooling, freezing time, theological properties, and sensory attributes of pound cake were studied by using various concentrations of sugar, sorbitol, and glycerol. The freezing temperature of standard pound cake was $-16.16^{\circ}C$. The hardness, freezing point temperature, and sensory properties were shown as a quadratic relationship whereas moisture content was analyzed by a linear model. Optimized formula for non-frozen cake were suggested to include (sugar:sorbitol:glycerol) 77.6:0.0:20.4, 60.0:32.8:16.4, and 70.8:11.2:19.6 (all % of total sugar) by RSM. The freezing tines of optimized non-frozen pound cake were reduced by $27{\sim}45%$. The freezing Points of optimized pound cake were depressed below $-20^{\circ}C$. Sorbitol and glycerol may be used as cryoprotectants and preserve the desired sensory attributes of pound cake at low temperatures.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

This study is aimed to derive the optimum mix proportion of the combined self compacting concrete according to cement types (blast-furnace slag cement and belite cement) and to propose the basic data to field construction work after evaluating the quality properties. Specially, lime stone powder (LSP) as binder and viscosity agent are used in the combined self compacting concrete because slurry wall of an underground LNG storage tank should be kept stability of quality during concrete working. Replacement ratio of LSP is determined by confined water ratio test and main design factors including fine aggregate ratio ($S_r$), coarse aggregate ratio ($G_v$) and water-cement ratio (W/C) are selected. Also, quality properties including setting time, bleeding content, shortening depth and hydration heat on the optimum mix proportion of the combined self compacting concrete according to cement type are compared and analyzed. As test results, the optimum mix proportion of the combined self compacting concrete according to cement type is as followings. 1) Slag cement type-replacement ratio of LSP 13.5%, $S_r$ 47% and W/C 41%. 2) Belite cement type-replacement ratio of LSP 42.7%, Sr 43% and W/C 51%. But optimum coarse aggregate ratio is 53% regardless of cement types. Also, as test results regarding setting time, bleeding content, shortening depth and hydration heat of the combined self compacting concrete by cement type, belite cement type is most stable in the quality properties and is to apply the actual construction work.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.5-12
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• 2024

Currently, a grouting method that minimizes damage to the reservoir embankment by injecting solidification agent at low pressure is commonly used to ensure waterproofing and safety of the embankment, but the use of solidification agents can cause issues, such as a decrease in durability and a lack of clear method for determining the mixing ratio. In this study, when the base ground and solidification agent were stirred and mixed at various weight mixing ratios, the permeability coefficient and strength of the mixture were confirmed through laboratory tests, and the optimal mixing ratio was suggested through analysis of the test results. The specimen for the laboratory test was produced considering the mixing ratio of the solidification agent. The specimen for the permeability coefficient test was tested by producing one each of cohesionless and cohesive soil for a mixing amount of 1.5 kN/m³ of solidification agent, and the permeability test results confirmed that the water barrier performance was secured below the permeability coefficient value required by various design criteria. A total of 24 specimens for the strength test were produced, 3 for each of 5 mixing amounts for cohesive soil and 3 mixing amounts for cohesionless soil. The strength test results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength tends to increase linearly with increasing curing time for both cohesionless soil and cohesive soil when the mixing amount is less than 2.0 kN/m³. Therefore, the optimal mixing ratio applied to the site is determined to be mixing amount of 1.5 kN/m³ and 2.0 kN/m³. Finally, numerical analysis reflecting test results was conducted on design case for improvement projects for aging reservoirs embankment to verify the water barrier performance and safety improvement effects.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2013

Recently, as the registration of vehicles increases, the utilization of the waste tires is emerging as environmental issues. Crumb rubber reproduced by scrap tires has been reused up to 25% in the construction field. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties of sulfur-rubber concrete (SRC) and to suggest the optimum mix design in terms of the compressive strength. Specimens were prepared with various mixing parameters: amount of sulfur, rubber, and micro-fillers. Two casting processes were also mentioned; dry process and wet process. The results mainly showed that the compressive strength of SRC decreased with an increment of rubber content. However, adding micro-filler and adjusting sulfur contents could improve the compressive strength of SRC. Optimum values of sulfur and rubber content were selected by workability and compressive strength of SRC. SRC can be applied to road constructions where high strength of concrete is not concerned, to wall panels that require low unit weight, to construction of median in highways to resist high impact load, and in sound barriers to absorb sound waves.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.82-85
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• 2002

매스 콘크리트 타설전 배합 및 적용 실험을 실시함으로써 현장의 여건에 알맞은 최적의 배합비를 도출하며 실내 배합 실험을 실시하고 배치 플랜트에 적용하여 실제 현장에 실용시킬 수 있다.(중략)

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to manufacture three kinds of domestic sweet potato Makgeolli using a mixture design and an optimization technique. The effects of four different manufacture methods, such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with or without malt and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) with or without malt were determined. The SSF methods of Makgeolli produced higher alcohol content than that of SHF methods. The sensory score was not influenced by different making methods. Fourteen experimental points were selected, and rice (10~50%), sweet potato (10~50%) and water (40~60%) were chosen as independent variables. The measured responses were sensory preference, total polyphenol content, and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The ratio of the optimum sweet potato Makgeolli mixture formulation was developed as 15.11 (rice): 44.89 (sweet potato): 40 (water) using the optimization technique. The desirability of the optimum mixture formulation was 0.839. Yellow sweet potato Makgeolli using the optimum mixture formulation produced higher soluble sugar content compared to others. Regular sweet potato Makgeolli produced higher pH. The purple sweet potato Makgeolli's total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were measured to be the highest at $771.91{\pm}1.42mg\;GAE/{\ell}$, $131.55{\pm}4.03%$.

• Composites Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.168-173
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• 2014

The optimum condition of glass fiber/epoxy composites was investigated according to mixing ratio of two epoxy matrices. Novolac type epoxy and isocyanate modified epoxy were used as composites matrix. Based on chemical composition of mixing matrix, optimum mixing ratio of epoxy resins was obtained through various experiments. In order to investigate thermal stability and interface of epoxy resin, glass transition temperature was observed by DSC instrument, and static contact angle was measured by reflecting microscope. Change of IR peak and $T_g$ was conformed according to different epoxy mixing ratio. After fabrication of glass fiber/epoxy composites, tensile, compression, and flexural properties were tested by UTM by room and high temperature. The composites exhibited best mechanical properties when epoxy mixing ratio was 1:1.