• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2016

Tyrosinases catalyze the hydroxylation of a monophenol (monophenolase activity) and the conversion of an o-diphenol to o-quinone (diphenolase activity), which are mainly involved in the modification of tyrosine residues into 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (DOPA) and DOPA/DOPAquinone-derived intermolecular cross-linking. Previously, we obtained a slightly acidic and cold-active tyrosinase, tyrosinase-CNK, by our recombinant protein approach. The enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 20 ℃ with an abnormally high monophenolase/diphenolase activity ratio and still had approximately 50% activity compared with the highest activity even in ice water. Here, we investigated reaction stability of the recombinant tyrosinase-CNK as a psychrophilic enzyme. The enzyme showed remarkable thermal stability at 0 ℃ and the activity was well conserved in repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Although water-miscible organic solvent as reaction media caused the activity decrease of tyrosinase-CNK as expected, the enzyme activity was not additionally decreased with increased concentration in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetonitrile. Also, the enzyme showed high salt tolerance in chaotropic salts. It was remarkably considered that 2⁺ metal ions might inhibit the incorporation of Cu²⁺ into the active site. We expect that these results could be used to design tyrosinase-mediated enzymatic reaction at low temperature for the production of catechols through minimizing unwanted self-oxidation and enzyme inactivation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2005

The mature-red tomato fruits (cv. Pinky world) were packaged with functional modified atmosphere (MA) film (0.03, 0.06 mm) and stored at 0, 5, $15^{\circ}C$. The results showed that the concentrations of $CO_2$ and $O_2$ inside MA package were about $4.21{\sim}8.17%$ and $9.78{\sim}14.45%$ under steady state during storage 29 days at 0, $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. The MA packaging(MAP) suppressed the fruits softening and the color change. The minimum lycopene content and maximum firmness were separately observed in fruits packaged with MA film (0.03 mm) at $5^{\circ}C$ storage and film(0.06 mm) at $0^{\circ}C$, which the lycopene content 6.08 mg/100 g, and firmness was 0.49 Kgf at 29 th day storage. The optimal conditions to keep high quality of tomato fruits were obtained by MAP during storage at $0^{\circ}C$ for 29 days, independently of the film thickness, in which the adequate gas composition was $CO_2$ at $4.2%{\sim}5.6%$, $O_2$ at $14.3%{\sim}14.5%$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2010

The study performed to identify the type of ESBL against strains which are producing extendedspectrum ${\beta}$-lactamases and isolated from sewage in Suyeong sewage disposal plant, Busan Environmental Corporation. By the standard activated sludge method, Suyeong sewage disposal plant purify living and lavatory sewage gathering from the northeast Busan and the facility purify total 550,000 tons of living sewage disposal a day. 14 strains were isolated by double disk synergy test and the third generation cepha-antibiotics test. Indole, methyl-red, Voges-Proskauer, Simmon's citrate, decarboxylasedihydrolase and sugar-fermentation tests identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4) and Escherichia coli (n=10). Plasmid-mediated transmission test against isolated 14 strains proved 11 strains transmitted resistance to recipient E. coli J53 (sodium $azide^R$, $ceftazidime^S$). 9 strains of conjugant were expressed ESBL genes transferred from parental strain but 2 conjugants did not expressed. The type of ESBL from each strain was determined by isoelectric focusing points, DNA and amino acids sequencing. The results indicated that the types of ESBL transmitted to recipient E. coli J53 were TEM-1, the parental TEM type and SHV-12 type.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2010

This study was performed to provide useful information for kentucky bluegrass management during summer by application of plant growth regulator, Trinexapac-ethyl. Visual quality, shoot density and chlorophyll contents of treatment blocks were significantly different from those of control during summer by application of Trinexapac-ethyl. The turfgrass density of treatment was increased of 4ea/$10\;cm^2$, especially about 5ea/$10\;cm^2$ during the growth retarded period of June and July. Chlorophyll contents index and visual quality of kentucky bluegrass were improved by application of Trinexapac-ethyl during summer, too. In addition, the occurrence of foliage in rainy and high temperature season was less than that of control. However, there was no significant difference in the root length of Kentucky Bluegrass. Meanwhiles, mowing height of kentucky Bluegrass was suppressed by 38% at 2 WAT week after treatment and that there was no significant growth of treatment at 4 WAT. In this experiment, turfgrass quality was significantly better than that of control during July, even though trinexapac-ethyl wasn't applied at all in July. Consequently, periodic treatment of trinexapac- ethyl from spring would be very important to promote the turfgrass visual quality during summer which is unfavorable season on the growth of kentucky bluegrass. And it is possible to reduce mowing times at least 30% for 2 weeks by one application of Trinexapac-ethyl 0.02~0.03 ml/$m^2$ in kentucky bluegrass fairway. Additively, trinexapac- ethyl treatment can be helpful environmentally by cutting down the fertilizers and pesticides in golf course.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.145-150
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• 2010

Ultra-fine powder (FA) extracts from persimmon were investigated as potential food materials in industrial processes because such extracts have various useful biological activities. We examined the antioxidant and anti-allergic activity of FA extracts using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) models, and by measuring interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression in spleen cells and in an atopy animal model. FA extracts were prepared using solvents including distilled water and 50% (v/v) acetone. The results showed that FA extracts had potent DPPH and FRAP activities, decreased IL-4 expression in spleen cells, and inhibited ear thickness and inflammation in a mouse animal model. The data indicate that a FA extract could be used as an antioxidant and/or anti-inflammation agent, and in industrial food preparation processes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.3 s.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2005

The reason that aromatherapy began to draw attention again as the alternative therapy is because the essential oils that are used for aromatherapy not only allow the human body to maintain homeostasis but also have an effect on curing a mental feeling of fatigue and because these efficacies and effects are proceeding with being proved scientifically. Also, with coming to be high in a voice of concern about severally side effects that the modern medicine and the synthetic chemistry have, the aromatherapy came to be paid attention as the replacement therapy that can substitute for and supplement this. In particular, at the time of requiring a study on a substance to substitute for this after having been announced in Japan for 1998 a risk of Zincpyrithione that is being used as a component of dandruff treatment, it is thought that the aroma oil that was known for having an anti-dandruff effect has a merit of being easy in a user's access, thus it will be effective in curing the symptom of dandruff. Accordingly, this study conducted the following experiment in a bid to examine whether the aroma oil has the anti-microbial effect on the actual malassezia. First of all, it measured the minimum concentration of aroma oil in which the growth of malassezia is inhibited, by carrying out MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) test in terms of anti-microbial activity against Malassezia furfur KCTC 7744 while using oils of Patchouli, Rosemary, Lavender, and Tea tree among aroma oils that are being used for dandruff treatment. As a result of that, Tea tree oil has the most excellent anti-microbial activity, and the measurement result of anti-microbial activity was shown in order of Lavender oil>Rosemary oil>Patchouli oil. Next, it carried out the is actually eased by applying Tea tree oil directly to the scalp of dandruff. In consequence of the experiment, the massage of Tea tree oil indicated the result of relieving the symptoms of dandruff such as scale, itch, pain, inflammation, and sebum, and among these symptoms of dandruff, it was shown to be most effective in easing itch. Especially, this clinical experiment was indicated that the massage of Tea tree oil has the most effect on relieving itch of targets with a dry-skin type who had no experience of dandruff treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.719-724
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• 2015

Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) is a hydrophobic component in licorice and has a variety of pharmaceutical and biological activities. In this study, we prepared an isoliquiritigenin-hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (ILG/HP-${\beta}$-CD) complex by freeze-drying method to enhance its water solubility. The complex was characterized by phase solubility studies, DSC, SEM, and 1H NMR. Antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were evaluated by broth dilution method. The results showed that the stoichiometry of ILG/HP-${\beta}$-CD complex was 1 : 1. The antimicrobial activity of ILG/HP-${\beta}$-CD complex was higher than that of using free ILG against S. aureus and E. coli. Therefore, we suggest that ILG/HP-${\beta}$-CD complex may be used as a natural antiseptic and could potentially replace synthetic preservatives in cosmetic and food industries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.1263-1269
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to investigate the inhibitory effects of natural materials on histamine production in mackerel. Antimicrobial activities on Photobacterium phosphoreum of medicinal herbs and seaweeds were investigated using the paper disc assay and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) test. According to the results, Sargassum sagamianum and Ecklonia cava ethanol extracts exhibited antibacterial activity. In particular, Sargassum sagamianum ethanol extract showed excellent antibacterial activity at 0.015625 mg/mL by the MIC test. Anti-histamine release activities of natural materials were further investigated by examining their inhibitory effects on histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity in the crude enzyme preparation from Photobacterium phosphoreum. The ethanol extracts of Ecklonia cava and Eisenia bicyclis exhibited the strongest HDC inhibitory activity, with 32% and 22%, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, natural materials may reduce histamine poisoning through decrease of histamine production in mackerel.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2017

Four imipenem-resistant bacteria were isolated from the clinical specimens of a patient with pneumonia. To identify the isolates, we used the GN card of Vitek II system and performed a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa (2 strains), P. monteilii (1 strain), and P. putida (1 strain), and were tested for antibiotic resistance after determining the MIC of imipenem to be $${\geq_-}8{\mu}g/mL$$ using the AST-N225 card of Vitek II system. The imipenem-resistant genotypes were determined using PCR products amplified using specific ${\beta}-Lactamase$ gene primers. The MBL gene was identified in all four isolates. One strain of P. aeruginosa exhibited the VIM and SHV-1 type genes, while the other strain exhibited both VIM and OXA group II genes. According to the antimicrobial susceptibility test, the bacteria were more susceptible to amikacin than other antibiotics. DNA fingerprint analysis using ERIC-PCR to analyze the epidemiological relationship between strains estimated that both the P. aeruginosa isolates were similar, but exhibited different DNA band types. It is uncommon to find four strains of imipenem-resistant bacteria with different DNA band types in a single patient.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of enrofloxacin-silver sulfadiazine (Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic, Bayer, USA) for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs. Twenty-four dogs with otitis externa were included in this double-blinded, randomized study. The experimental group was treated with the Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic and the distilled water was applied to the control group. Both groups were administered each solution twice daily for 7 days and next 7 days off treatment. On days 0, 7 and 14, clinical signs, bacteriological and fungal counts were graded using semi-quantitative scales, respectively. For the evaluation of in vitro efficacy of Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic, we also performed Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test by agar dilution method against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Malassezia pachydermatis. In the experimental group, the sum of clinical scores was decreased 81.0% and microbial scores were significantly reduced 87.0% at days 14, compared with day 0. The results of MIC testing were showed the concentration of enrofloxacin and silver sulfadiazine in Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic is high enough to kill for 3 infectious agents. No adverse reactions were observed in any of the dogs during this study. These results suggest that Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic are efficient and safe treatment for canine otitis externa.