• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.490-500
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• 2004

Brown rice grains were coated by spraying aqueous protein solution extracted from rice bran using 10% ethanol, and dried at room temperature. Coating procedure was repeated 1-5 times to determine effect of repeated coating, Quality changes in coated brown rice grains were observed during 8 weeks storage. Most coated rice grains gave lower peroxide and acid values, which indicate antioxidative effects of coating. Lipase and lipoxygenase activities generally decreased in grains coated more than three times. Microscopic images of whole kernel and longitudinal section revealed cracking on all brown rice grains including control, and hydration rate constants were not significantly different among treated grains. Compared to non-coated brown rice grains, those coated more than three times, after 8 week storage, showed better quality retention observed in (meaning not clear) higher water-binding capacity, lower gel consistency decrease, less browning, and better textural properties in cooked rice, resulting in better sensory quality.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2005

Lipase-producing bacteria (S3) were isolated from intertidal flat at Saemanguem. A isolated strain was identified as Psychrobacter species by physiological and fermentational characterization as well as 16S rRNA analysis. The strain was then named as Psychrobacter sp. S3. P. sp. S3 grew most rapidly at $30^{\circ}C$, but grew well even at $10^{\circ}C$ and its lipase activity was most high when cultivated at $20^{\circ}C$. Lipase S3 had optimum temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl caproate and had more than $80^{\circ}C$ activity even at $10^{\circ}C$. The activation energy was calculated to be 1.5 kcal/mol, which showed that it was a typical cold-adapted enzyme. It was an alkaline enzyme with optimum pH of $9.0\~9.5$. It could hydrolyze various length of triglycerides. Among them, it hydrolyzed most rapidly $C_4,\;C_{14},\; C_{16}-length$ triglycerides. When added to tributyrin-agarose gel, lipase S3 hydrolyzed tributyrin most rapidly at 30 and $40^{\circ}C$, but it could hydrolyze well even at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.463-468
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• 1993

In order to elucidate the translocation of the systemic insecticide, phosphamidon (2-chloro-2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate), treated to pine trees against pine leaf gall midges (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye), $[vinyl,\;carbonyl-^{14}C]$ phosphamidon was implanted into the trunks of 10-year-old Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.), respectively. The upward movement rates of the chemical within Korean red pine in July and Japanese black pine in December were ca. 10 cm/hr and 2 cm/hr, respectively. The original radioactivity level persisted up to 75 days after treatment throughout the whole tree in Korean red pine in July, whereas it did up to 150 days in Japanese black pine in December. The chemical was translocated up to the top at the insecticidal level within 3 days after treatment in July, whereas in December it was within 15 days. The translocation of the chemical was much dependent upon pine tree species and the treated season. Methanol was suitable for the extraction of phosphamidon and its metabolites from pine needles. Autoradiography of the methanol extracts of pine needles collected from the treated pine trees proved that phosphamidon broke down very quickly within pine trees (ca. 80% metabolized within 7 days).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.597-601
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• 2009

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is known to be responsible for hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. When round-shape quiescent HSCs go to activation by liver injury, production of extracellular matrix is increased, and its shape becomes myofibroblast-like shape. The activated HSCs are characterized by the high rate of proliferation and the increased production of extracellular matrix. One way of the regeneration of activated HSCs is an apoptosis induction followed by removing the activated myofibroblast-like cells. The effect of extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. (TCE) on cytotoxicity was evaluated using the rat primary hepatocyte, HepG2 and T-HSC/Cl-6 by incubating these cells with TCE up to the dose of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. At the maximum dose of TCE, no cytotoxicity was found on primary hepatocyte and HepG2, but cytotoxic effect of TCE was found on activated HSCs, and T-HSC/Cl-6 in a U-shaped dose-response manner with the highest effect at $500{\mu}g/mL$ of TCE. Finally, we confirmed the occurrence of apoptotic cell death by annexin-V/PI double staining. The population of annexin-V positive cells was increased in a dose dependent manner.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to estimate the degradation rate and process efficiency of the composting according to the salinity concentration. The samples of food waste for this study were collected in Pocheon-Gun, Kyungki-Do. The collected samples were adjusted to the optimum range of moisture content, pH and C/N ratio. After that, adding the saline, the samples with 3 different salinity concentrations(1%, 5% and 10%) were made. Then each sample was fed into the reactor with temperature controller. During the aerobic composting process, the change of the physical and chemical properties of the sample as temperature, pH, C/N ratio and $CO_2$ and $O_2$ concentration in the reactor were measured. From the experiment of this study, the result are following. The highest temperatures are $59^{\circ}C$ at RUN 1(1% salinity conc.), $49^{\circ}C$ at RUN 2(5% salinity conc.) and $45^{\circ}C$ at RUN 3(10% salinity conc.). The change of $CO_2$ production and $O_2$ consumption have the positive correlation with the change of the temperature. $CO_2$ production and $O_2$ consumption are peaked at the low salinity concentration. During composting, Run 1, RUN 2 and RUN 3 are increased pH to 8.9, 8.6 and 7.2 and slowly decreased C/N ratio to 18.9, 19.1 and 22.1 and moisture content to 51.1%, 53.7% and 55.0%, respectively. It is supposed that increasing salinity concentration causes the retarding of the microbial degradation activities during the composting. And for the efficient composting, the salinity concentration in the sample hat to be maintained below 5%.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 1979

To know the influence of temperature on the fermentation process, a strain of Lactobacillus bulgarius was experimentally cultured three different temperature conditions of $39^{\circ}C,\;42^{\circ}C\;and\;45^{\circ}C$, pH 5.8 and mechanical agitation of 500rpm. During 20 hour's fermentation, the microbial growth attained the maximum concentration under the conditions mentioned above. However, the culturing conditions resulted different outcomes in terms of maximum concentration of the microbes and the residual concentration of substrate. Among the three temperature conditions, the fermentation at $45^{\circ}C$ was most effective and the maximum specific growth temperature conditions, the fermentation at $45^{\circ}C$ was most effective and the maximum specific growth rate was 0.58/hr. Activation energy deduced from the Arrhenius equation was 9,220cal/mole and entropy was $-33.74\;cal/^{\circ}K$ mole. Activation enthalpy was 9,845 cal/mole and free energy was 19,800 cal/mole.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.138-148
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• 2006

Two bacteria were isolated from the continuously pesticide-used soil under plastic film house and upland condition. The degradation test of several pesticides by the selected bacteria, B59 and B71, were conducted. The degradation rates for 6 pesticides, procymidone, chlorothalonil, ethoprophos parathior, alachlor and pendimethalin, in medium by the isolates were 21.1% to 53.2% higher than non-inoculated medium. Under shaking culture condition, 90% to 95% of procymidone was degraded after 21 days treatment. Parathion was degraded in the range of 60% to 100% by B71 and B59, respectively. Otherwise 70% of alachlor was degraded by the two isolated bacteria during same period. The pH was not significantly affected for degradation of pesticides. The bacterial strains, B59 and B71 was identified as Acinetobacter sp. and as Pseudomonas sp. based on morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics, and identity and similarity of automatic identification system, Biolog and MIDI.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.673-680
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• 2017

sump pump is a system that draws in water that is stored in a dam or reservoir. They are used to pump large amounts of water for cooling systems in large power plants, such as thermal and nuclear plants. However, if the flow and sump pump ratio are small, the flow rate increases around the inlet port. This causes a turbulent vortex or swirl flows. The turbulent flow reduces the performance and can cause failure. Various methods have been devised to solve the problem, but a correct solution has not been found for low water level. The most efficient solution is to install an anti-vortex device (AVD) or increase the length of the sump inlet, which makes the flow uniform. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the flow characteristics in a sump pump for different sump inlet lengths and AVD types. Modeling was performed in three stages based on the pump intake, sump, and pump. For accurate analysis, the grid was made denser in the intake part, and the grid for the sump pump and AVD were also dense. 1.2-1.5 million grid elements were generated using ANSYS ICEM-CFD 14.5 with a mixture of tetra and prism elements. The analysis was done using the SST turbulence model of ANSYS CFX14.5, a commercial CFD program. The conditions were as follows: H.W.L 6.0 m, L.W.L 3.5, Qmax 4.000 kg/s, Qavg 3.500 kg/s Qmin 2.500 kg/s. The results of analysis by the vertex angle and velocity distribution are as follows. A sump pump with an Ext E-type AVD was accepted at a high water level. However, further studies are needed for a low water level using the Ext E-type AVD as a base.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2013

This study was carried to provide basic data for the research of the effect of PEG impregnation on preventing wood from cracking during heat treatment. Three popular softwood species were selected for investigating the PEG penetration rate and retention depending on PEG molecular weight, PEG retention after heat treatment and their EMCs. The average retentions of PEG400 were reversely proportional to the basic densities of three species and those of the other PEGs showed similar behaviour as well. It is obvious that PEG retention decreased as PEG molecular weight increased with a species. PEG impregnation increased or decreased the moisture contents of the specimens within 2%, and increased their basic densities by 16.8% as a maximum. The Weight Percentage Losses of PEG400 during heat treatment were the largest among three PEG levels, which implied that lower molecular weight PEG leached more than the highers. There was less difference in EMC between PEG impregnated and control specimens at low RH, but their difference increased at high RH.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of tteok prepared from white (Samkwang) and brown rice (Heugseol, Heugjinju). The moisture and crude protein contents of rice were 14.89~17.15% and 4.79~6.81%, respectively. The crude lipid and crude ash contents of rice were 0.48~2.66% and 0.39~1.60%, respectively. The water binding capacity of Heugjinju (141.97%) was higher than those of other rice flours. As the soaking time increased, water absorption ability was in the order of Samkwang > Heugseol > Heugjinju. Using a rapid visco analyser (RVA), the initial pasting temperature of Heugseol was the highest, and the peak viscosities of Heugseol were higher than those of other rice flours. The quality characteristics of Tteokbokki tteok were assessed after its preparation by adding different amounts of Heugseol and Heugjinju (0, 5, 10, and 20%, w/w) content. The textural properties (hardness), of Heugseol and Heugseol measured using a texture analyzer, were greater than those of the control. Sensory preference tests revealed that 10% Heugseol and, 10% Heugjinju had the highest scores in appearance, color, and overall acceptability. The sensory test results revealed that Tteokbokki tteok prepared by addition of 10% added brown rice was the best.