• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.45-62
• /
• 2015

Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO hereafter) can be described as firm level entrepreneurial tendencies. Initially Miller(1983) clarifies the construct of EO, and defines an "entrepreneurial firm as one that engages in product marketing innovation, undertakes somewhat risky ventures, and is first to come up with proactive innovations, beating competitors to the punch". After Miller (1983), Covin & Slevin(1989) adopted EO as a uni-dimensional construct, and insisted that these three dimensions can be combined into a single scale. Since Covin & Slevin(1991), researchers including Lumpkin & Dess(1996) have explored the usefulness of EO. However not many attempts have been tried to summarize the results of previous empirical researches, and to suggest future research directions. To examine and find implications, current study classified the effects of EO as 1) main and mediating effects, 2) moderating effect, 3) other effects, and provide theoretical and empirical validation of EO, which suggested by Miller(2011). After analyzing research results published in major international and Korean journals in each research domain, current paper summarizes and evaluates previous research results, and then suggests research directions for the future. In doing so, we hope to provide some theoretical and practical insight for management of small and medium sized firms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.167-169
• /
• 2003

과학영재 교육의 목적과 효과를 달성하기 위해서는 과학영재들의 특성, 과학영재의 판별이나 교육 프로그램의 개발, 과학영재들의 과학, 과학자, 과학관련 직업에 대한 인식 등 여러 요소들에 초점을 맞추어 연구해야 하며 이를 바탕으로 교육해야 한다. 과학영재교육의 중요한 점 중 하나는 우리가 교육하는 과학영재들이 성장해서 그들의 영재성을 발휘하도록 하는 것에 있다. 이는 국가적으로도 매우 중요한 일이다. 과학기술의 발달과 국가의 발전은 뛰어난 영재들이 기여를 하였으며 그 업적을 통해 국제경쟁 사회를 선도해 나갈 수 있기 때문이다. 과학영재 교육의 성공 기준 중 하나로 노벨상 수상을 기대하는 것이라고 생각할 수 있다. 물론 노벨상만을 목표로 하는 것은 과학영재교육이 왜곡될 수 있으나, 과학영재교육을 통해서 과학 분야에 뛰어난 인재를 양성하고 이들로부터 과학의 수준이 높아지면서 자연스럽게 노벨상을 수상할 수 있을 것이다. 2002년 노벨 과학상에서 일본은 물리학과 화학 두 분야에서 수상자를 배출하였다. 특히 노벨 화학상을 받은 다나카 고이치는 박사학위도 없는 40대의 평범한 회사원이었다. 그는 일본 과학계를 장악하고 있는 유명 국립대학의 교수도 아니고, 수상 발표 뒤 대부분의 일본 화학자들이 누군지 몰라 당황했을 정도로 잘 알려지지 않은 인물이었다. 이러한 사건은 일본인들에게 희망을 안겨주었으며 과학 및 과학자에 대한 관심과 투자에 대한 인식에 있어 많은 변화를 초래하였다. 노벨상 자체가 국가정책의 목표가 될 수는 없지만, 과학자나 국민 개개인들에게 희망이 되는 것은 사실이다. 해마다 노벨상 수상자가 발표되는 시점에서 우리들은 아주 오랫동안 방관자가 되어 왔다. 이제 여러 과학영재교육기관 등을 통해서 과학영재 교육을 효율적으로 실시한다면 조만간 상황이 바뀔 것으로 기대할 수 있다.택한 이유는 첫 번째가 사회 봉사와 국가 발전에 기여하기 위한 것이었으며, 다음으로는 생활의 안정을 꼽고 있었다. 이외에도 과학적 업적 달성을 위해, 자신의 꿈(이상) 실현을 위해 등의 이유를 들고 있었다. 이러한 경향은 남자 영재와 여자 영재들간에 다소 차이는 있었으나 거의 유사한 것으로 조사되었다(Pearson $X^2$=2.186, p>0.05). 우수한 능력을 소유한 영재들이 과학관련 분야를 선호하지 않는다면 우리나라의 과학 발전은 그리 낙관할 수 없을 것이다. 그러므로, 영재들을 과학 관련 분야로 이끌어 그들이 소유한 영재성을 발휘하도록 하는 것은 매우 중요한 일일 것이다. 이룰 위해서는 과학 영재들이 자신의 능력에 대한 자신감을 더욱 높여야 하며 그 능력을 과학관련 분야에 발휘하도록 하기 위한 국가적, 사회적, 교육적 노력이 필요하다. 노력이 필요하다.~42.1mg$CO_2$/kg.hr였으며 12$^{\circ}C$에서 2.5~8.2mg$CO_2$/kg.hr로 일반적으로 보고되고 있는 토마토 호흡속도와 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다.다.환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O- -glucopyranoside, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide and apigenin-6-C-$\beta$

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.33-56
• /
• 2006

Primary care takers, especially older parents, who live with and care for an adult child with mental illness struggle with the dilemma of who will provide for their child's social and emotional needs and physical care requirements when they can no longer care so. Therefore, 'Permanency plan(financial, residential, legal plan)' is very important for social integration and normalization of mental illness adults. This study aims to introduce the mental health systems in New Zealand and to investigate the permanency plan strategies(benefit, supplements, and the laws) of the government and community support services of NGOs through the interviews with team leaders of representative NGO, Te Korowai Aroha. Permanency plan strategies of New Zealand Government and NGOs are as follows. 1) Financial plans for adults with mental illness include main benefit(invalid benefit), various allowances(family allowance and disability allowance), and wage subsidies for employment. 2) The Government provide accommodation supplement and re-establishment grant for residential plan. And NGOs have supported accommodation program to provide support and accommodation that are important for social integration. 3) Adult mental illness is provided the support of welfare guardian and property manager under the Protection of Personal and Property Rights Act. According the results, this study concluded that social services for the mental illness which secure supported accommodation and benefits is strongly needed. At the same time, mental health delivery system is needed to make distinction between social services and clinical services.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.64 no.4
• /
• pp.57-87
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop the first social work skills inventory in Korea. Based upon the literature review of social work skills, the examination of an existing scale, and the comments from professionals in this field, 57 preliminary items were developed. Preliminary items were evaluated with a total of 370 social workers who were working in various fields of social work in Seoul and surrounding areas. A series of exploratory factor analyses were conducted to find out the optimal structure of the scale. After deleting 30 items with low factor loadings or being cross-loaded, the scale is composed of five factors. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the factor structure of the scale obtained by exploratory factor analysis. The first factor was named preparatory and assessing skills to be mostly used in the beginning phase of th social work process, the second factor was named change facilitating skills to be used to strengthen motivation to change, third factor was named ending and evaluating skills to be used to terminate the professional relationship and evaluate the outcome of the relationship, the fourth factor was named resource linking and utilizing skills to be used to utilize resources in order to solve clients' problems and the fifth factor was named ethical practice skills. Each component of the social work skills inventory is found to be reliable and valid. In sum, the social work skills inventory is an instrument encompassing basic skills necessary for social work process, skills for ethical social work practice, and skills necessary for utilizing environmental resources.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.12 no.4 s.31
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2004

According to the facility of effective search and user-friendly access to various spatial data by building GIS, the demand for application of information and social effect has been increased. To meet such domestic demands, it has become necessary to develop local, regional, and global SDI(Spatial Data Infrastructure) which can support discovery, access, and use of spatial information in the decision-making process. Many developed countries are implementing and managing GSDI in accordance with their state and purpose. There are two typical international cases; U.S. Geospatial One-Stop and European Geo-Portal. These systems are observed the international standards so they provide standardization and interoperability of GI. In domestic cases, however, each sector is managing separately geospatial data management systems. From this point of view, this paper proposed implementation approaches of GOS that can provide interchange of geospatial information between supplier and user. This paper focused on standardization, considered technical and political factors and analyzed two cases of GOS such as U.S. and Europe cases into our spatial information environments. It is possible to search and access geospatial data effectively by introducing GOS. In addition, it is possible to promote popularization of geospatial information and development of GIS industy.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.25-56
• /
• 2006

This study attempts to review the increasing trend in international marriage of Koreans since 1990 and explore the pattern of socio-demographic characteristics of the married couples. This paper develops a conceptual scheme for changing pattern of nuptiality including an increase in international marriage. As the key forces behind the recent increase in international marriage of Koreans, the effects of rapid decline in fertility, rise in sex ratio at birth, urbanward migration of young women, expansion of gender-equity norms, and globalization are stressed. Micro-data from the marriage registration for the period $1990{\sim}2004$ and the divorce registration for the period $2000{\sim}2004$ are utilized. This study focuses on analyzing age at marriage, previous marital experience, education, occupation, and residence of the married couples. Attention is also focused on demographic characteristics of the divorced couples. Results of analyses reveal that there exists a great deal of diversity in international marriage of Koreans. A notable aspect is the profound differences between Korean men and women in the characteristics of their foreign spouses and themselves as well. Another prominent factor emphasized in the analysis is the nationality of foreign spouse. It is indicated that the stereotype of international marriage facilitated by marriage squeeze can be mainly applied to marriages between Korean men and foreign wives from China, southeast Asian countries and the CIS of the old Soviet Union. On the other hand, direct effects of value transformation and globalization are emphasized in the explanation of marriages between Korean men and foreign wives from more developed countries as well as marriages between Korean women and foreign husbands.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.334-343
• /
• 2019

A lab-scale vertical flow subsurface (VFS) wetland composed of three parallel columns with polypropylene synthetic fiber as main substrate was operated. Piggery stormwater diluted from swine excreta was fed to the wetland on the basis of three different hydraulic regimes or hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2, 4, and 8 days with daily internal recirculation. Then, monitoring of common water quality parameters was carried out. Unexpectedly, an increase of effluent COD concentration accompanying the appearance of foams was observed during a distinct period in the wetland with HRT 2, 4, and 8 days, successively. Subsequently, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate the origin of the foams. Foams and the increase of COD concentration were found to be induced by the release of organic matter from the synthetic polypropylene fiber which was fed with piggery stormwater. Meanwhile, nitrogen removal was found to be enhanced during a period which overlapped the distinct foaming period signifying that foaming played two important functions in biological nitrogen removal. Foams which form rapidly and then burst easily could hold up and then release oxygen for nitrification. Foams which contain organic surfactants could serve as carbon sources for denitrification as well. Hence, nitrogen removal was enhanced during the foaming stage. After that, COD concentration decreased slowly to a level prior to the foaming stage, and nitrogen removal efficiency declined as well.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.02a
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 2005

이 논문은 과학영재교육원의 학생 선발과정을 중심으로 과학영재아 판별과정을 분석해보고, 과학영재교육원의 학생 선발과정에서 발생할 수 있는 오류를 점검하여, 이를 보완할 수 있는 개선안을 마련하고자 하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 분석결과 과학, 수학과 관련된 창의적 문제의 지필평가 성적이 선발의 가장 중요한 기준이었다. 지필평가 단계에서 지망분야에 관계없이 과학, 수학 및 창의력검사를 모두 치러야 하는 교육원에 초점을 맞추어 그 점수 활용에 있어서 발생할 수 있는 오류를 점검하였다. A 교육원의 경우 학생 선발은 다단계 평가를 원칙으로 하고 있었으며, 1단계 지필평가에서 과학, 수학, 창의력검사라는 세 과목 시험의 합산점수로서 선발하고 있었다. 이 교육원의 ○○년도 중등과정 응시자 276명을 대상으로 합격자와 불합격자의 지필평가 점수를 분석하여 과학, 수학, 창의력검사의 시행에 오류가 없었는지 점검하였다. 또 이들의 합산에 의한 선발이 의미 있는 결과를 보이는지 분석하였다. 그 결과 과학, 수학, 창의력검사의 상관도분석에서 과학은 수학 및 창의력검사와 유의미한 상관이 있었으나, 수학과 창의력검사는 독립적으로 분석되었다. 또 이들의 합산에 지원분야별 배점으로 계산한 선발은 본래의 취지, 즉 과학, 수학, 창의력에서 모두 우수한 학생을 선발하고자 하는 의도대로 진행되었으나, 판별분석 결과 합격과 불합격자 판별에서 88.1%의 정확도를 보여 다소 오류가 있었음을 발견하였다. 이는 해당년도에 출제된 문제의 난이도 및 시험 과목별 평균점수 차를 고려하지 않아 발생하는 문제로 파악되어져 원점수 대신 표준점수로 변환하여 오류를 보완할 것을 제안한다. 자체와 직접 관련되는 영역으로는 좌반구의 측두엽과 전두엽 부분이 관찰되었다. 특히 한국어 어말어미 산출시 나타나는 형태점화 양상과 관련된 대뇌영역으로 발견된 브로카 영역에서의 활성화는 어미 변환과 관련된 영역이라기보다는 산출시 관련되는 articulation, motor coordinate관련 영역으로 추정되고, 측두엽의 활성화는 형태소, 의미 관련 지식의 data base로 추정된다. 또한 우반구 전두엽 부분에서 관찰된 활성화는 억제관련 영역으로 짐작된다.러한 동물실험이 그 기초를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 행동성향 및 기억의 종류에 따른 약물효과의 차이는 기억과 관련된 질병인 알츠하이머 환자에 있어 개개인에게 맞는 적절한 특징적인 치료약물이 존재할 것이라는 가능성을 제공해줄 뿐만 아니라 학습과 기억력 증진 효과를 기대해 볼 수 있을 것이라고 생각된다. 및 지역산업발전의 기획${\sim}$조정기구로서, 선진국의 지역발전기구(Regional Development Agency : RDA)인 지역전략산업기획단이 2002년도부터 산업자원부와 9개 시도에 의해 설립되어 지역네트워크의 활성화와 클러스터의 형성 촉진을 하게 되었고 2004년도에는 13개시도로 확대${\sim}$운영되고 있고, 지역특화사업(H/W)과 지역산업기술개발과제(S/W)와 함께 패케지 형태로 지원되며, 주요역할은 크게 지역산업의 정책기획 분야와 평가관리, 지역혁신역량 조사 및 DB구축 등으로 구분된다. 그중에서도 권역별, 지역별, 지역산업진흥사업 육성과 중장기 산업발전계획을 수립하기 위하여 지역혁신역량을 바탕으로 한 지역 Technol

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.421-437
• /
• 2009

China has transformed her strategies for economic development from exogenous development founded on foreign capitals to endogenous development based on enhancing technology innovation capabilities since 2000. More specifically, Chinese business activities have coupled with new institutional settings which enable them to facilitate advanced technology and management methods. As a result, the characteristics of the spatial economy in China are likely to transfer from export-led developmental space to technology-oriented developmental space. In this context, this paper aims to identify the characteristics of technology-oriented space by investigating intra-, inter- and extra-firms relations of Korean FDI firms in Shanghai, China. In terms of intra-firm relations, Korean FDI firms adopted strategies for maximizing business efficiency and effectiveness by transforming their personal networks into formal networks. In terms of inter-firm relations, the distinction of Korean FDI firms' networks has been found in accordance with firm size, industrial sectors, ways of investment etc. Finally, Korean FDI firms has formal networks resulted from institutional involvement, as well as informal (personal) networks based on guanxi (inter-personal relations) in extra-firm relations. Therefore, two types of processes affecting the networks and institutional legacies of the Soviet system can be identified. First is the interaction of institutions and restructuring of pre-existing networks. Second is the insulated institutions and endurance of preexisting networks. And these two governance types have created regional economies which are embedded and over-embedded.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.94-107
• /
• 2008

This study examines the diversity of garden culture in the Joseon Dynasty focusing on genre painting. Genre painting gives us insight into the various ways of enjoying the garden. The intimate activities portrayed in the painting show us about the vivid scenes of Korean garden at that time. Among the various meanings of gardens, sensual pleasure is focused on here. The garden has always been a place of pleasure for seeing, smelling, touching, meeting people and erotic flirting. Here, the oriental aesthetic idea of Pungryu is adopted to reformulate pleasure based on the traditional way of thought. Most Korean gardens in the Joseon Dynasty were understood as the place for Pungryu. Sensuality in the Korean garden associated with a high level of spiritual pleasure. In order to look closely into garden activities, genre paintings were selected and analyzed. Several characteristics were elicited. First, the garden was understood as the medium of communication through reconciling man with nature. Mediating man with nature often calls for uplifting the sense of community within groups of people. Second, the garden was featured as the place of cultural creation. Many scholars utilized the garden as a place for poetic imagination. Therefore, the garden was the locus of intellectual discourse. Third, personal retreat was one of important functions in the Korean garden. the humble attitude toward landscape such as solitude and mediation might be understood as one way of enjoying the nature. Fourth, taste, power and social relations were embedded in garden culture. Therefore, the garden was regarded as a space of distinction. Garden making was understood as one of the high class leisure activity. It was quite natural that the garden was used as a place of showing up their taste and culture. Finally, we need to reinvigorate the rich meanings of garden in contemporary practices. In-depth analysis of garden culture through the lens of genre painting gives us quite useful information in Korean garden culture.