• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2010

In this paper, we discuss patent pool and a patent valuation scheme for fair royalty distribution among the patents in a pool. In the knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital-the accumulation of technology and know-how-is recognized as the most important source of company's competitive advantage and economic growth. By providing exclusive rights to patent holders, the patent system aims to encourage innovation-invention & commercialization of new technologies-in order to raise the standard of living. However, drawbacks of patent system, which occur as the number of patents issued increases rapidly and patent ownership is fragmented, may slow down the innovation efforts seriously. A promising solution is the patent pool approach, which was for instance employed by the U.S. congress during World War I to free the airplane manufacturers from the patent tangle by letting them license all the patents for a fee. It is necessary to figure out relative technological contribution of patent for fair distribution of royalty revenues among patent holders. The Rating/Ranking Method seems to fit to that valuation purpose. We examined technology valuation models from various organizations and selected a set of more influential valuation factors which can be incorporated as scoring criteria in the Rating/Ranking Method.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.383-393
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the condition of the production facilities of severely impaired products for two years from 2017 to 2018, and to suggest ways to improve the preferential purchase system for the severely disabled comparison with previous study. As of June 2018, 267 out of 544 sites were research and analyzed. As a result, first, the average number of severely disabled workers is 16.51, and the total number of workers, disabled workers who participated in direct production, and non-disabled workers showed the trend of increase in 2018. Second, the average monthly wage of workers with disabilities participating in direct production increased slightly from 790,977 won in 2017 to 829,810 won in 2018. Third, Analysis of changes in sales of production facilities before and after designations showed that overall sales of production facilities increased after designations and after designations. Improvement measures include preferential purchase rate improvement and support for production facilities and purchasing public institutions, classification of roles of performance organizations, Clarification of the role of priority purchasing promotion committee for products produced by people with severe disabilities, complementing the minimum wage exclusion system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.323-329
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• 2020

There is a system of mandating the allocation of support to small business in certain percentage or more to facilitate technological innovation at small business. Trying to assess small business R&D projects, which receive a budget of three trillion won or more from the government every year, for their possibilities of success, a group of experts perform a technological evaluation with their technologies and their difficulty levels and review closely the possibilities of their commercialization and success. Used in such a review, the Analytic Hierarchy Process technique cannot make an objective judgment of evaluation criteria for evaluation items and guarantee the professionalism and fairness of small business R&D projects due to the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty of the evaluation criteria. This study proposed an R&D evaluation system based on Fuzzy-AHP for small business to provide objective weight for the evaluation items and assess the possibilities of such projects' success. The evaluation criteria were make objective as they were applied as section values based on triangular fuzzy numbers. Weight was assigned and applied according to the management guidelines of supportive projects for small business' technological development so that it could be reflected on actual assessment. The findings of the study will be helpful for reflecting the scoring weight of these evaluation items again when an expert is appointed for a new project and guaranteeing the professionalism and fairness of small business R&D project based on them.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.430-453
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to explore how an elementary school teacher developed PCK by utilizing her knowledge domains in teaching practice, regarding the specific science topic of 'animals:' A case study approach was adopted with the participation of a 1st grade teacher, in a poor urban neighborhood elementary school in NYC. Data was collected through interview and the participant observation method in order to investigate: a) the teacher's existing knowledge base in terms of subject matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and contextual knowledge; b) how she develops PCK during classroom practice, centering on the relationship between knowledge domains. The findings illustrate the ways in which the three knowledge domains are closely related and developed as PCK through the whole teaching process. In particular, the findings indicate that the teacher's contextual knowledge plays a critical role in shaping and developing PCK. Before instruction, her contextual knowledge regarding the administrative policies and the school test system in the district enabled her to make decisions and plans about teaching science. During classroom teaching, her knowledge of students' sociocultural backgrounds and living conditions in the urban setting helped her to identify specific teaching strategies and resources suitable to the students' needs and interests. The study results imply that science instruction can be more feasible in meeting the demands of particular groups of students if teachers make an effort to become knowledgeable about their own teaching context and utilize it in developing their PCK.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.391-403
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• 2014

This study seeks to carry out a literary review of preceding studies and the health improvement model of Pender(1987) on university students majoring in nursing to explain the health improvement behaviors and identify the factors that affect their activities to provide a framework for developing a more effective nursing mediation method that promotes health improvement behaviors. The study subjects were 204 university students majoring in nursing who have had clinical practice experience. The period for data collection was from April 1to May 30, 2014 and a total of 204 copies of the questionnaire were used for analysis. For the collected data, frequency analysis, percentage, ANOVA, t-test and correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS, LISREL, and path analyss was done for hypothesis testing. The overall index of hypothesis model showed a good congruence as ${\chi}^2=.06$(p=.812), df=1, ${\chi}^2(df)=.000$, GFI=0.97, AGFI=1.0, SRMR=.002, NFI=0.947, NNFI=0.957, RMSEA=0.016, CN=266. Looking at the verification of the hypothesis presented in the model, the variables that affect health improvement behaviors were perceived disability, perceived self-efficacy, perceived social support, while stress from clinical practice, perceived health status, persistence and perceived benefits did not affect health improvement behaviors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.135-144
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• 2014

This study examined whether there is difference in consumers' product attitude according to the type of buying behavior values and the type of price discount among their lifestyle. First, the factors of values comprising consumers' buying behavior were derived as frugal buying, impulse buying, quality buying, and principle buying. Cluster analysis showed that the types of buying behavior value included high quality impulse buying, reasonable buying and practical buying. Second, it was found that there were differences in product attitude according to the type of consumers' buying behavior values. Third, interaction effect was found between the type of price discount and consumers' product attitude according to the type of buying behavior values. Fourth, among the factors of value comprising consumers' buying behavior, frugal buying factor has an effect on the product attitude with price discount of 50% and quality buying and impulse buying factors have an effect on the product attitude with bundle price discount (1+1). The above mentioned result of study suggests that when a company establishes a strategy of price discount, it should consider sales promotion strategy taking account of consumers' buying behavior values and type of product price discount.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

Organizational culture provides organizational members with identity, homogeneity and behavioral guidance, and promotes organizational commitment and enhances the stability of social systems. What organizational culture positively influences organizational performance? In this study, we tried to categorize organizational culture as creativity, change, cooperation, trust and knowledge sharing for specific public institutions and to diagnose the organizational culture by examining the level of recognition of the organizational members. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture on organizational culture. The result of this study shows that the degree of future - oriented and cooperative culture of the public institutions that are the subject of research is not so high. In order to improve the performance of the organization, it is necessary to create a futuristic and cooperative culture. In order to create such a culture, various efforts must be made to continuously communicate and build trust among the members of the organization. In particular, leadership efforts to distribute, transfer, and trust authority to subordinates are a priority. In other words, it is very difficult to build a future-oriented, collaborative culture successfully without the efforts of managers.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.297-318
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• 2014

The study has try to analyze firm-level marketing strategy for making inroads into United Arab Emirate(UAE) in the Middle East Rrgion. Korea's pharmaceutical medicine industry can overcome that growth limit by strategically advancing into the world market even the its market share is slight as of 2013. The results of Marketing Mix strategies to enter the UAE pharmaceutical medicine market are as follows: STP strategy and Marketing Mix strategy based on the findings of this study, the practical implications of the following. First of all, domestic pharmaceutical industries in Korea due to the domestic market, growth in the various institutional devices have limits on the expansion. On the other hand, supports the Government's active policy of UAE health care industry is booming. UAE Government medical facilities and health care in the health care industry in 2010 to improve the level of 80 billion dollars of investment. The UAE's medical sector is equipped with independent regulatory regime by the Emirates. The UAE is a foreign worker influx has been showing a high population growth rate, over the last 30 years, UAE resident population has increased about 7 times. The UAE Government to improve the quality of medical services, the private sector and the public to encourage the signing of partnership (PPP) can also be found in the regulation of foreign direct investment. The results of this study would play a role in analyzing a marketing strategy to make inroads into UAE pharmaceutical medicine market.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.253-265
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• 2011

A number of organizations have had big interests in studies concerning leadership and not only academia but also psychological areas do also. Until now, leadership has been accentuated by managers or team leaders especially. Recently, however, the concept of self-leadership directing one's own activities through self-control or self-management is being focused on in practices and in academia. This study is to investigate the influence between self-leadership strategies as predictors and learning performance in IT classes as dependents variables mediated by attitude of attendance focused on the social science students in two universities (Korea(116 samples) and India(36 samples)). And this research tried to compare difference between two university students. As a result of empirical analysis, Korean learners making an effort by themselves show a tendency to think constructively. Namely, even though the level of difficulty may be high, by positive self-talk, respondents usually make an effort to get high academic performance. In case of Indian respondents, students who are in behavior-oriented show higher academic performance. Research results can give us direction of task-taking attitudes in firms or learning attitudes in teaching organizations and implications to human resource managers who are in charge of improving learning performance or productivity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.267-272
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• 2012

Overcoming harsh light environment, as well as increased growth of crops even in high-quality production can play an important role when using the LED light system of photosynthetic products will be able to effectively reduce consumption. In this study, low efficiency of farm greenhouses, growing annual reduction in income due to rising operating costs and increase crop growth by inducing the proper planting environment Factory-type raise farmers' income and at the same time will contribute to the increase of Light device using LED Supplemental through photosynthesis, promote and improve product quality, plant growth regulators are considered possible for them to develop more efficient LED devices and LED Optical processing devices of Light leaf lettuce grown using normal fluorescent or incandescent bulbs grown in the results than the growth can see that the speed improvements. Usually shipped from seedling to harvest leaf lettuce from 25 to 30, whereas optical processing device be required red light (wavelength: 645nm) using a leaf of lettuce grown enough to be harvested after seven days increased the rate of growth. In addition, red light (wavelength: 645nm) and blue light (wavelength: 470nm) emitting at the same time, room, and grown for 5 days to harvest the growth rate was fast enough.