• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.809-838
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• 2013

Innovation is the development of new customers value through solutions that meet new needs, inarticulate needs, or old customer and market needs in value adding new ways. This is accomplished through more effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily available to markets, governments, and society. Innovation differs from invention in that innovation refers to the use of a better and, as a result, novel idea or method, whereas invention refers more directly to the creation of the idea or method itself. Therefore, the utilization of patents is the most important of the three aspects (creation, protection and utilization) in the patent system for getting to actual innovation. In order to increase the patent use, the rates of the applied patents to a real industrial process and the bargain and license of patent rights should be promoted. For promoting technological innovation substantially, there is necessary to escape from dichotomy of weakening or enhancing patent protection in the discussion on the changes of patent system for "Adequate patent guarantees". Furthermore, the legal and institutional improvements to enable the use of patent should be discussed together. Recently, open innovation is a new paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology" or "Innovating with partners by sharing risk and sharing reward." The boundaries between a firm and its environment have become more permeable; innovations can easily transfer inward and outward. The central idea behind open innovation is that in a world of widely distributed knowledge, companies cannot afford to rely entirely on their own research, but should instead buy or license processes or inventions (i.e. patents) from other companies. In addition, internal inventions not being used in a firm's business should be taken outside the company. In the era of open innovation, more flexible patent use strategy is essential. It is important that improvements for the legal system in order that patented technology can be applied for products and processes in a real industrial between outside and inside of the firms.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.333-362
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• 2014

This study uncovered some issues that have constrained the development of logistics performance in Cambodia. Firstly, literature review was narrowed down to include studies involving the relationship between Logistics and transportation, the relationship between the infrastructure and economic growth and the important role of logistics on economic growth and poverty reduction. Then the next step the study identified some issues related to transport infrastructure that were assumed to cause the enhancement of logistics sector. Moreover, a case study about cost and time analysis was used to address some issues of logistics cost in Cambodia comparing to its neighboring countries: Thailand and Vietnam. Based on the time and cost analysis, it revealed that the logistics cost in Cambodia is much high than Thailand and Vietnam. In addition, some logistics issues were found through other two case studies about the export and trade facilitation. The participants raised some issues related to issuance of certificate of origin, the availability of information about agreements, laws, rules, and regulations, checkpoints along the corridor and opening hours of logistics service providers and slow processes. Then the authors suggested some appropriate solutions to answer to the current issues related to transport infrastructure and logistics sector in Cambodia.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.105-116
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• 2012

This thesis is surveying the notions and the countermeasures of the farmers, who produce environmental-friendly crops, on a market and buyers. It ultimately tries to find out ways to increase the sale and the consumption of environmental-friendly crops from the side of the farmers. In chapter 2, analyzing the reality of consuming environmental-friendly crops and consumers inclinations. Also, on the basis of this, in chapter 3, I demonstrate how environmental-friendly producers countermeasures for the consumers are. I try to analyze the trust of the consumer buying environmental-friendly crops, which have been pointed out as a decisive factor for environmental-friendly crops by a lot of researchers, and analyze producers methods dealing with consumers approach to consume environmental-friendly crops. Regarding ways of the reconsideration about the trust, I have shown the problems about the quality authentication, forming consumers trust, and the ways of the consumer management. For the channel and method of the sale I have scrutinized not only a farmers notion about an internet homepage and his or her use but also producers principal sales route, cognition, and correspondence about it. Finally, I have examined the counter plans of the producer to increase sale and to facilitate consumption.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.365-374
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• 2018

This study aims at understanding the components of on-line newspaper and how each newspaper's layout configuration is differentiated through the analysis on the websites of 10 general daily newspapers in the news stand of NAVER. The collection of data was implemented twice, and One-Way ANOVA was used as an analyzing way. The content of the analysis was carried out based on the types of visual images, the number of photo-based articles and title-based articles, the size of image for the main story, etc. As a result of analysis, the rate of news articles with the audios, videos, cards and slides differentiated from paper-based newspaper was low, and also the news articles using the informative graphics and the graphic sources were very small in number. As a whole, the newspapers in the news stand of NAVER showed that they attempt to make a distinction of their newspaper layout by using a variety of editorial techniques. The significance of this paper is to offer a basic clue to the editing formation to promote the news consumption of newspapers. Under the circumstance that the ecology of media is rapidly being reformed by new media technology, the continuous study of how the newspaper layout should be changed will be needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 1994

To investigate the effects of national forest management on the regional community, the inter-relationship between the local communities and neighbouring forest owned by the state was surveyed in the three locations, namely pyungchang-gun, Bonghwa-gun, and Kwangyang-gun, which have a large area of national forest. The effect of national forest management on the local community was different depending upon the relationship between the local community and the national forest, the resource base and infrastructure and facilities installed within the national forest. The major contribution of the national forest to regional society is the provision of land resources, forest products, employment opportunities, and social functions of forest. The supply of land resource from the national forest has been increasing steadily due to the increase in demand for public facilities. About one quarter of household income in the forest villages surveyed came out of the sales of forest products, mainly non-timber products. Due to the low level of forest operations for timber production, there are very limited opportunities of employment provided by the national forest. And the use of forest roads by local residents was also to a limited extent. Therefore, it is suggested that the national frosts should be managed such that help to revive the economy of local communities which are disadvantaged in the national investment priority due to the low economic returns.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.513-522
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• 2017

We tried to analyze the inflammation reactions by treatment of AG, AS and AA in murine RAW 264.7 cells. To investigate the effect of AG, AS and AA on cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells, AG, AS and AA were treated for 24 h and MTS assay was performed. Cell viabilities were increased in $1,600{\mu}g/ml$ concentration by AS, AA and AG treatments, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and iNOS were increased by AG and AA treatment at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$ in RAW 264.7 cells without Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. The mRNA expression levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and iNOS were increased by AG and AA 6 h treatment at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$ with LPS treatment. In this study, we observed that AG, AS and AA show various activities on inflammation reaction depend on their treatment time. In the future, studies should be conducted to investigate the effects of AG, AS and AA on the various inflammatory responses of macrophages.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2 s.121
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

근래 한국에서도 대표적 공공공간인 공원의 조성 및 관리와 관련하여 파트너십에 대한 관심이 일고 있다. 주민들이 만들어가는 공원, 다양한 힘의 역학구조 속에서 공공성 유지, 지속 가능한 사회 구현에 도움이 될 것이라는 전망 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 추후 한국에서의 실천과 제도정비에 도움이 될 수 있도록, 영국에서는 어떻게 정책적으로 파트너쉽을 유도하는지 그리고 커뮤니티는 이를 어떻게 수용하여 자신들의 사례를 만들어 가는가를 살펴보았다. 사례연구에 있어서는 질적 연구방법을 택했으며, 분석보다는 사례가 갖는 내러티브(narratives)를 다층적으로 서술하는데 초점을 두었다. 이것은 거대 내러티브가 사라지고 있는 현대 사회에서 일반적 원칙보다는 개별 사례의 구체성을 밝히는 것이 보다 중요하다는 일부 사회학 연구자들의 견해를 수용한 것이다. 더욱이, 주민참여 관련 사례는 지역특성과 주민의 영향을 많이 받기 때문에 이러한 연구방법이 유용할 것이다. 더불어, 이러한 방식은 자못 추상적 이해에 그칠 외국 사례를 보다 구체적으로 이해하는데 적합할 것이다. 연구결과에 있어, 먼저 영국에서는 지방의제21(LA21)이 지방정부의 서비스에 대한 근본적 태도와 체계를 바꾸는데 기여했다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 일례로, 뉴캐슬(Newcastle upon Tyne)시는 직접 서비스를 제공하기 보다는 주민들의 참여를 촉진하고 도와주는 방향으로 역할을 전환하고 있었다. 그리고 다양한 자금지원체계는 직접적으로 파트너십을 독려하고 있었다. 영국 뉴캐슬(Newcastle upon Tyne) 웨이브리 파크(Waverley Park) 사례를 살펴본 바에 따르면, 파트너십에 대한 지방정부의 태도가 성공적 파트너십에 있어 중요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 사례에서는 프렌즈그룹 이외, 커뮤니티 외부의 비영리 단체가 참여하지 않았는데, 이는 지방정부가 적극적으로 주민들의 참여를 촉구하고 도왔기 때문이다. 이외, 커뮤니티의 구성원과 공무원들의 개인적 역할도 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 중앙정부는 단지 자금뿐만이 아니라 다양한 사례에서 축적한 정보를 커뮤니티에 지원하고 전 과정을 모니터링 하고 있었는데, 간접적 참여라고 할 수 있다. 앞에서 언급했듯이, 본 연구는 영국에서의 파트너십과 관련된 제도, 그리고 제도가 구체적 현실에서 작동되면서 나타나는 특수성을 살펴보는 데 주력했다. 그런데 사례 연구에서 발견한 특수성을 한국에서의 시사점으로 명시하는 것은 한계가 있을 수 있다. 그래서 시사점은, 제도적 차원에서 한국과 영국을 비교하여 간략하게 제시했다. 첫째, 지방의제 21의 수용 방식이다. 한국의 지방정부 또한 지방의제 21을 실천하기 위해 협의회 등을 설치하였지만 행정 시스템을 전반적으로 변화시키고 있는 영국과는 차이점이 있다. 둘째, 공원과 녹지에 대한 지원금이 제공될 때, 지역주민의 동의를 요구하는 것은 커뮤니티의 참여를 독려하고 주인의식을 갖도록 하는데 효과적이라는 것도 시사점이 될 수 있다. 한국에서도 녹색복권 등 세원 이외의 자금이 공원 및 녹지 공간에 투입되고 있으나 주민들이 직접 이를 이용하도록 되어 있지는 않다. 즉, 커뮤니티의 참여와 관련되어 쓰이고 있지는 않다. 세 번째는, 커뮤니티와 공원과의 관계로 공원 설계와 관리에 있어서 영국에서는 커뮤니티가 직접 고객(client)으로서 역할을 하고 있었다. 한국에서도 계획 및 설계 과정에 주민을 참여시키는 경우가 있으나 의견청취 정도에 머물고 있고, 몇몇 시민단체를 중심으로 시민들이 직접 공원 관리에 참여하는 경우도 있으나 운동(movement)차원에 머물고 있을 뿐 이를 위한 제도적, 법적 토대가 구축되어 있지는 않다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.267-280
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• 2015

The European civil aviation industry, which had lower technical skills, capital strength and market scale than the U.S., adopted the production system of joint development and division labor between the nations of Europe. Each plant locations strengthened their specialization of the production branch in the past 40 years with a geographical accumulation of the specialized manufacturing facilities, suppliers, universities and laboratories by the logic of geographical proximity and learning effect. The cargo plane transportation system in the production of short- and medium-haul aircraft facilitated the geographical dispersion of manufacturing process and the logistical linkage among the various plant locations. But the production of long-haul large aircraft(A380) chosen the transportation system by the cargo ship because of the size and weight. Considering the transportation system by the cargo ship, the choice of Toulouse as a final assembly plant location was the irrational locational decision from a locational point of view. This locational choice is explained by the merging process of the European civil aviation industry, the logic of learning effect and geographical proximity, and the active attraction support policy.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.263-285
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• 2011

Despite the process of neoliberalization has made a decisive influence on our society as a whole, there seems little interests in neoliberal urbanization and entrepreneurial urban projects promoting it. This study is to see relationships between neolibealization process and recent urbanization and urban policies in terms of entrepreneurial city mediating them. In particular, this paper tries to reconceptualize entrepreneurial city as corresponding to privatization and commodification, financialization, state redistribution, and management and manipulation of crises which Harvey(2005) suggests as four main features of neoliberalization process in general and 'accumulation by dispossession' in particular, and to characterize it in terms of 'creative destruction' and of 'entrepreneurial governance'. As examined in the later part of this paper, recent cases of these entrepreneurial urban projects in S. Korea include volatility of land and housing price in the Capital region and urban regeneration and newtown projects, project for free economic zones construction in Incheon and other 5 regions, project for SOC construction heavily relying on private investment, in particular project financing pursued nationwidely including Daegu, and project of urban cultural marketing to promote capital inflow tacitly as well as to enhance urban imagine explicitly.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.67-92
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• 2009

We examine the effects of investment opportunities, external financing, and cost of debts on the firms' capital investments. The empirical findings indicate that : (1) the firms' investment opportunities positively stimulates corporate capital investments but the effects of investment opportunities on the firms' capital investments decrease as the external financing and cost of debts increase ; (2) the firms' investment opportunities are positively correlated with firms' capital investments but the effects of external financing on the firms' capital investments decrease as cost of debts increase; (3) cost of debts is negatively associated with firms' capital investments and especially in the KOSPI firms, the effects of investment opportunities on the firms' capital investments decrease as cost of debts increase. Our findings suggest that managers' views be different from the policy maker's view and the more firms' internal factors of capital investments be found in the future.