• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2011

At the computer games, we can experience a variety of environments using a virtual object. It is similar to that be trained in War-game simulator of the defense. Actual soldiers and a computer-generated virtual group(Computer Generated Force: CGF) in 3-D virtual battlefield environment are training. However, path finding algorithm, one of the techniques of simulation models, to the current level only considers the shortest time path. So, this current level at the special situation of the army in the battlefield for selecting the optimal path is limited. The focus of this paper is to select the least-cost path using the deadline with several different mission conditions(METT+TC). For the only shortest time path algorithm and the least-cost path algorithm using dealine,($d_t$, one of METT+TC elements), Its usefulness is verifying the change of the move spent time(t) for all possible paths and the fighting power of the combat troops(Troops ability, a) through a comparison of the total cost of moves(c(t)). According to the results, when considering the deadline, the proposed algorithm saves about 62.5% of the maximum cost.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.274-280
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• 2017

The smart-car industry has emerged as the important variable that will decide the future industrial contour of the automotive industry, together with commercialization of electronic vehicles, connected cars, infotainment, telematics, and the autonomous/self-driving car. This study analyzes the strategic position of platform companies and car manufacturers that would determine the future of the smart-car market. The findings of this study show that despite the entry barriers in industrial factors, such as economies of scale, the industrial infrastructure, and global production networks, and technical factors like exclusive head-sector information, car manufacturers may be deprived of their industrial leadership by platform companies with map and user data, big data capabilities, and user interface experience if they lag behind ICT innovation. This insight is based on the emerging importance of software and platforms, and the simplification of car structures, proven by the successful commercialization of electronic vehicles. This study complements existing studies mainly focused on technical aspects of the smart-car industry by examining the strategic dimensions of platform companies and their approach to the future smart-car market by comparing them with existing car manufacturing multinationals.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.892-908
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• 2010

Services in SOA are typically perceived as black-box to service consumers, and can be dynamically evolved at runtime, and run on a number of unknown and heterogeneous environments. Because of these characteristics of the services, effective and efficient monitoring of various aspects on services is an essential functionality for autonomous management of service. But the problem with or limitation in conventional or existing approaches is, that they focus on services themselves, ignoring the effects by business processes. Consequently, there is a room for service monitoring which provides more useful information of business level by acquisition of only external monitoring data that depend on specific BPEL engine and middleware. Moreover, there is a strong demand to present effective methods to reduce monitoring overhead which can degrade quality of services. EDA can cope with such limitations in SOA by collecting and analyzing events efficiently. In this paper, we first describe EDA benefits in service monitoring, and classify monitorring target, and present an appropriate monitoring method for each monitoring target. Also to provide the applicability of our approach, an event meta-model is defined, and event processing model and architecture based on the meta-model are proposed. And, with the proposed architecture and method, we implement a prototype of an event-driven dynamic monitoring framework which can collect and process internal and external data at runtime. Finally, we present the result of a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.199-223
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• 2016

As social networking services (SNS) become widely used tools for maintaining social relationships, people use SNS to express themselves online. Users are free to form multiple characters in SNS because of online anonymity. This phenomenon causes SNS users to easily demonstrate multiple personas that are different from their identities in the real world. Therefore, this study focuses on online multi-personas that establish multiple fake identities in the SNS environment. The main objective of this study is to investigate factors that affect online multi-personas. Fake online identities can have various negative consequences such as cyber bullying, cyber vandalism, or antisocial behavior. Since the boundary between the online and offline worlds is fading fast, these negative aspects of online behavior may influence offline behaviors as well. This study focuses on teenagers who often create multi-personas online. According to previous studies, personal identities are usually established during a person's youth. Based on data on 664 teenage users, this study identifies four emotional factors, namely, closeness with others, relative deprivation, peer pressure and social norms. According to data analysis results, three factors (except closeness with others) have positive correlations with users' multi-personas. This study contributes to the literature by identifying the factors that cause young people to form online multi-personas, an issue that has not been fully discussed in previous studies. From a practical perspective, this study provides a basis for a safe online environment by explaining the reasons for creating fake SNS identities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.5 s.72
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• pp.609-619
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• 2004

An investigation was conducted on the activities around Europe in order to solve the problem of the thermal bridging of steel studs, which had caused a significant disadvantage. This study included the following: diminishing the contact area between the studs and the sheathing, lengthening the heat transfer route, replacing the steel web with a less conductive material, and placing foam insulation in locations where the thermal shorts are most critical. Although energy efficiency is usually the focus of such foreign cases because their stud application is mostly limited to low-rise residential buildings, both structural and thermal performance are taken into consideration in this study because these target middle-story buildings. A hybrid stud composed of steel and polymer was also developed. This hybrid stud, which is 150 SL in size, is made of a galvanized steel sheet (SGC58) and a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) withepoxy bonding. A total of 32 specimens were manufactured. Its parameters comprise two types of connection detail,s: the thickness of steel (1.0mm and 1.2mm) and of the GFRP (4mm-4ply and 6mm-6ply), and the ratio of the length to the depth (L/D = 3, 6, 9, 12). Steel stud specimens with the same conditions were compared to the hybrid stud. The test revealed that in the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.0mm, the maximum load of hybrid studs increased an average of 1.62 times comparedto that of the steel stud. In the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.2mm, on the other hand, the average increase was 1.46times. All specimens showed full composite action until the collapse.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2014

In an oscillating water column (OWC)-type wave energy conversion system, the performance of the OWC chamber depends on the chamber shape, as well as the incident wave direction and pressure drop produced by the turbine. Although the previous studies on OWC chambers have focused on wave absorbing performance in ideal operating conditions, incident waves do not always arrive normally to the OWC chamber in real sea conditions, especially in fixed devices. The present study deals with experiments and numerical calculations to investigate the effects of wave direction on the performance of the OWC chamber. The experiments were carried out in a three-dimensional wave basin for five different wave directions, including the effect of turbine using the corresponding orifice. The wave elevation inside the chamber was measured at the center point under various incident wave conditions. The numerical study was conducted by using a numerical wave tank-based volume-of-fluid model to compare the results with experimental data and to reveal the detailed flows around the chamber.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.17-26
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• 2014

Tunneling-induced displacement in a jointed rock mass is an important factor to control tunnel stability and to secure a demanded space and construction quality. The magnitude of the inducible displacements is significantly affected by an elastic modulus and therefore, in a rock mass where a joint controls tunnel behavior, it is very important to estimate an elastic modulus of jointed rock mass reliably. Elastic modulus of jointed rock mass is affected by many factors such as rock type, joint condition, and loading condition. Nevertheless, most existing studies were focused on rough empirical relationships based on compressive loading conditions, which are different from tunnel excavation loading conditions, without a systematic approach of rock, joint, and loading conditions together. Therefore, this study considered rock and joint conditions systematically to estimate an elastic modulus of jointed rock mass under tunnel excavation loading. The controlled factors considered in this study are rock types and joint conditions (joint shear strength, joint inclination angle, number of joint sets, and joint spacing). Numerical parametric studies have been carried out with a consideration of different rock and joint conditions; the results have been compared with existing empirical relationships; and charts of elastic modulus change of different rock and joint conditions have been provided. The results are expected to have a great practical use for estimating the convergence induced by tunnel excavation in jointed rockmass.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.33-56
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• 2006

Primary care takers, especially older parents, who live with and care for an adult child with mental illness struggle with the dilemma of who will provide for their child's social and emotional needs and physical care requirements when they can no longer care so. Therefore, 'Permanency plan(financial, residential, legal plan)' is very important for social integration and normalization of mental illness adults. This study aims to introduce the mental health systems in New Zealand and to investigate the permanency plan strategies(benefit, supplements, and the laws) of the government and community support services of NGOs through the interviews with team leaders of representative NGO, Te Korowai Aroha. Permanency plan strategies of New Zealand Government and NGOs are as follows. 1) Financial plans for adults with mental illness include main benefit(invalid benefit), various allowances(family allowance and disability allowance), and wage subsidies for employment. 2) The Government provide accommodation supplement and re-establishment grant for residential plan. And NGOs have supported accommodation program to provide support and accommodation that are important for social integration. 3) Adult mental illness is provided the support of welfare guardian and property manager under the Protection of Personal and Property Rights Act. According the results, this study concluded that social services for the mental illness which secure supported accommodation and benefits is strongly needed. At the same time, mental health delivery system is needed to make distinction between social services and clinical services.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2009

We report an implementation of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey at a site that corresponds to a ruined castle. The objective of the survey was to characterise buried archaeological structures such as walls and tiles in Van Khan Tooril's Ruin, Mongolia, by 2D and 3D GPR techniques. GPR datasets were acquired in an area 10mby 9 m, with 10 cm line spacing. Two datasets were collected, using GPR with 500MHz and 800MHz frequency antennas. In this paper, we report the use of instantaneous parameters to detect archaeological targets such as tile, brick, and masonry by polarimetric GPR. Radar polarimetry is an advanced technology for extraction of target scattering characteristics. It gives us much more information about the size, shape, orientation, and surface condition of radar targets. We focused our interpretation on the strongest reflections. The image is enhanced by the use of instantaneous parameters. Judging by the shape and the width of the reflections, it is clear that moderate to high intensity response in instantaneous amplitude corresponds to brick and tiles. The instantaneous phase map gave information about the location of the targets, which appeared as discontinuities in the signal. In order to increase our ability to interpret these archaeological targets, we compared the GPR datasets acquired in two orthogonal survey directions. A good correlation is observed for the alignments of reflections when we compare the two datasets. However, more reflections appear in the north-south survey direction than in the west-east direction. This is due to the electric field orientation, which is in the horizontal plane for north-south survey directions and the horizontally polarised component of the backscattered high energy is recorded.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.382-391
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• 2019

This study was aimed to assess the new trial for minimal cavity preparation in composite restoration combined with resin infiltration, focusing at application sequence. 32 human primary molars with early carious lesions around small cavity were selected and randomly divided into two groups, according to the sequence of cavity preparation (P), composite filling (F) and resin infiltration (I) as IPF and PFI group. Each group was assessed about amount of tooth reduction, features of resin infiltration, and marginal leakage around restoration. Amount of tooth reduction evaluated using micro-CT was decreased compared with the original lesion size in both groups. Features of resin infiltration were verified under confocal laser scanning microscopy. In both groups, infiltrant resin was found on all around the composite and maintained in spite of extent of decalcification even after artificial caries induction. Marginal micro leakage assessed with silver nitrate immersion and micro-CT was found more frequently in PFI group. The technique combining resin infiltration and composite restoration might ensure better adhesion prognosis as applied by the sequence of resin infiltration, cavity preparation, and composite filling. This new trial was thought meaningful in minimizing the cavity size and contributing to minimal invasive dentistry.