• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 1993

In order to maximize the utility of vacuum residue, supercritical solvent extraction technique where n-pentane was used as a supercritical solvent was applied to obtain deasphalted oil from vacuum residue. Oil-extraction yield at various temperatures and pressures and the contents of metal complex and sulfur of extracted oil were investigated. In supercritical state, extraction yield of deasphalted oil was found to be strongly dependent on the n-pentane density, and the metal complex content of extracted oil was effectively lowered when compared with that of vacuum residue. However, the sulfur content of extracted oil showed little difference when compared with that of vacuum residue.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.494-503
• /
• 2015

This study was focused on the comparison of the variations in the yield and chemical composition of Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf oil obtained under different pressure conditions of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE), and by hydro-distillation. SCE was carried out varying the pressure in the range of 100~400 bar at $40^{\circ}C$. The chemical composition of C. obtusa leaf oils was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. The maximum yield of 4.4% (relative to the initial mass of oven dry mass) was obtained in the extraction under 300 bar pressure, which was higher than that of the hydro-distillation method (1.9%). The contents of sesquiterpenes in the extracts obtained by the SCE were higher than those of the essential oils of C. obtusa by the hydro-distillation. The sesquiterpenes in the SCE extracts made up approximately 39%~46% of the total, followed by monoterpenes, diterpene, and lignan. The contents of each constituent in the supercritical carbon dioxide extracts were varied on the extraction pressure. Therefore, these results showed that the extraction condition of SCE had significant effect on the yield of C. obtusa oils and its chemical composition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 1995

Extraction yields of Hizikia fusiforme and Aloe vera Linne by supercritical carbon dioxide($SC-CO_{2}$) with and without ethanol as a cosolvent, and antimicrobial activities of the extracts against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Alternaria sp. were determined. Both yield and solubility of the extracts from Hizikia fusiforme and Aloe vera Linne by $SC-CO_{2}$ with ethanol were two times greater than those by only $SC-CO_{2}$. All of the extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activities in the decreasing order of bacteria, yeast and fungus. The extracts by $SC-CO_{2}$ with ethanol showed almost the same degree of microbial growth inhibition as those by only $SC-CO_{2}$. Based upon these data, it was speculated that the components soluble in nonpolar solvent might be more responsible for the antimicrobial activity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.500-503
• /
• 1996

Volatile compounds were extracted from freeze-dried citron peel(Citrus junos) using supercritical CO2 under 4,000psi at 40$\beta$. Four fractions were obtained with consumption of CO2. Volatile compounds of extracts were analyzed by GC-MSD. Yield of vol atile compounds from citron peel was 0.11g/CO2($\ell$) and maximum yield was 8.812g/kg. Major volatile compounds of extracts were dl-limonene, Υ-terpinene, linalool, sabinene, $\beta$-myrcene, $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-farnesene, $\alpha$-terpineol and terpinolene. $\alpha$-Pinene, $\beta$-myrcene and dl-limonene in the fractions decreased gradually, while $\alpha$-terpineol and $\beta$-farnesene increased as the consumption of CO2 increased.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.848-854
• /
• 1998

To concentrate polyunsaturated fatty acids from anchovy oil by supercritical carbon dioxide $(SC-CO_2)$, effects of different adsorbents, cosolvents and extraction pressures on the extraction yield and fatty acid composition in the extract and the residue fractions were investigated. Anchovy oil mixed with silver nitrate-coated silica gel showed higher extraction yield and concentration of EPA and DHA in the residual fraction than that mixed with only silica gel at $60^{\circ}C/345{\;}bar$. Ethyl acetate was a promising cosolvent for concentrating polyunsaturated fatty acids in the residual fraction from anchovy oil mixed with silica gel. For the extraction pressures tested, 276 bar showed a maximum value in the extraction yield and concentration of EPA and DHA in the residue. Starting with anchovy oil containing 13.3% EPA and 16.2% DHA mixed with a silver nitrate-coated silica gel, the residue fraction containing 28.2% EPA and 38.3% DHA was obtained when ethyl acetate was used as a cosolvent with $SC-CO_2$ at $60^{\circ}C/276{\;}bar$.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.8
• /
• pp.225-233
• /
• 2018

The Ulmus davidiana have been used in traditional oriental medicine as remedies for inflammation, ulcers, cancers, bacterial infections and scabies. In this study, the anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activitiesof a supercritical extract of U. davidiana were investigated in vitro. To explore the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics of the supercritical extract, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and the inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were examined, respectively. In addition, the anti-fungal activities of the extract were assessed. The results showed a concentration-dependent increase in ABTS radical scavenging activity. Cells stimulated with LPS produced more nitric oxide than normal control cells; however, cells treated with the supercritical fluid extract decreased this production in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, the supercritical fluid extracts showed significant anti-fungal activity. These results suggest that extracts of the U. davidiana might be used to develop potent anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents, and may be useful as ingredients for related new functional cosmetic materials.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.569-575
• /
• 2003

Supercritical $CO_2$ extraction was applied to extraction of the valuable compound for benign prostatic hyperplasia from saw palmitto. Three levels of parameters, temperature $(35^{\circ}C,\; 60^<\circ}C)$, pressure 22∼30 Mpa and ethanol modified solvent concentration, were used as the independent variables of central composite to rotate the design. The extracting pressure and temperature interaction was significantly affected the extraction of valuable compounds. The ethanol was an efficient modifier to extract valuable compound by supercritical carbon dioxide. The optimal processing conditions were extracting pressure, 30 Mpa, extracting temperature, $60^<\circ}C$, ethanol modifier, 15% for extracts of the valuable compounds from saw palmitto. In conclusion, it was found that supercritical $CO_2$ extraction can successfully be applied to extract high quality extracts from saw palmitto.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 1999

A squid viscera oil contains a high content of EPA, DHA, and other valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids. The extractions of squid viscera oil by supercritical carbon dioxide both with/without $3\%$ (v/v) ethanol were performed in a semicontinuous flow extractor at 8.3 to 13.8 MPa and 25 to $50^{\circ}C$. When ethanol was added to $SC-CO_2$, the extraction ratio of lipid increased. The extracts contained high content of unsaturated oils like DHA and EPA. The highest extraction yield of lipid from squid viscera oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide was obtained at 12.4 MPa and $40^{\circ}C$ with/without entrainer. The main fatty acids of squid viscera oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide were myristric acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), oleic acid (18:1), arachidic acid (20:0), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), and docosahaxaenoic acid (22:6).

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 1999

Side wall samples from a used automotive tire were subjected to subcritical and supercritical decomposition and extraction with three solvents, water, 28% ammonia solution and ammonia. For 6mm cube samples the rate of supercritical extraction with water followed a first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 140 kJ/mol. Solvent power of 28% ammonia so lotion at supercritical condition was found to be higher than supercritical water at initial extraction as pressure decreased. These phenomena were considered to be an effect of ammonia involved in water.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.469-474
• /
• 2011

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a well known edible plant that is traditionally used to treat various illnesses related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Steam distillated ginger oil or water extract are mainly used for related products; however, it is unclear whether these fractions contain most of the bioactive compounds or the highest efficacy. This investigated the antioxidant effects of extracts prepared by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). 6-Gingerol was the most abundant component in hexane fraction of ethanol extract from ginger. The antioxidative properties of SFE oil and Marc ethanol fractions were demonstrated using the 2,20-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals scavenging assays. A clear correlation was observed between total polyphenol contents and $RC_{50}$ values in the Marc ethanol fraction. These results indicate that not only SFE oil but the marc after SFE could be good sources for the food industry.