• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 1998

Purpose: To determine the various prenatal factors related to the prenatal hydronephrosis diagnosed on prenatal ultrasonography. We also attempted to correlate the prenatal and neonatal renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter with the outcome in infancy Methods: Between 1985 and 1997. We retrospectively reviewed 105 renal unit (75 patient) with fetal hydronphrosis persisting postnatally. Investigation consisted of renal ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, diurectic renogram, and DMSA scan. Results: The 75 patient assesed had the following underlying cause: UPJ(Ureteropelvic juction) obstruction(52%). multicystic dysplastic kidney(10%). UVJ (Ureterovesicai juction) obstruction (10%) and no underlying cause (25%). Of theses cases 36 cases (40 renal unit) underwent operation, while 28 cases (50 renal unit) resoled spontaneously. 12% of mild hydornephrosis deteriorated. whereas 50% of modrate hydrophrosis and 81% of severe hydronephrosis required surgical correction. Attempting to find the renal unit that were at risk for deterioration. our study showed that urinary tract infection group and calyceal blunting group had a predictive role. Conclusion: It is necessary to follow up after birth dilatation of caylx or urinary tract infection are present. Early operation is considered when prenatal pelvic AP diameter greater is than 22 mm and postnatal diameter greater than 17 mm. This may make it possible to prevent further progression of renal damage and prompt treatment of asymptomatic hydronephrosis before complications occur.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2012

Although surgical drainage has been performed in most reported cases of psoas abscess, ultrasonographically guided percutaneous drainage could be effective treatment for psoas abscess. However, utility of percutaneous drainge under ultrasound is less well established. We present a patient in whom fungal psoas abscess was managed by ultrasonographically guided percutaneous aspiration with literature review. Drainage was done by needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance and there was no procedural complication. After aspiration, Candida Albicans was found as a causing organism responsible for abscess and abscess could be successfully treated by repeated aspiration and appropriate antifungal therapy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 1998

Purpose : Renal duplication is a common occurrence, and the range of ureteral and renal anomalies draining the two poles of the duplex kidney leads to a variety of clinical presentations. Method : A series of 61 children with duplicated systems was studied retrospectively who were admitted during last 12years. Results : Of the children $60.6\%$ were accompanied with urologic anomalies that required surgical treatment, and most children initially were presented with urinary tract infection. $42.6\%$ of children were either diagnosed incidentally during evaluation of other non-urologic disease or during follow-up evaluation of abnormal antenatal renal sonogram. Conclusion : From our point view, children with history of abnormal antenatal renal sonogram, or with symptoms such as urinary tract infection, hematuria, abdominal pain should be evaluated radiologially fully to confirm further abnormality and accompanied complications. And routine follow-up using abdominal ultrasonogram, VCUG, and urine culture should be used to prevent and detect early treatable complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.569-573
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• 2007

A 3 month old female baby, who had been diagnosed with right atrial isomerism associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), a functional single ventricle and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA), underwent left MAPCA unifocalization and left Blalock-Taussig shunt (3.5 mm) at 3 months of age. The post-operative course was complicated by pulmonary venous congestion, and the drainage site of the TAPVR was found to be stenotic on echocardiography. We performed sutureless repair of the TAPVR along with unifocalization of the right MAPCA. She was put on an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator for 8 days after the 2nd operation, and she was able to come off the oxygenator with the placement of a central shunt (3 mm). She developed tracheal stenosis, which was presumably due to longstanding endotracheal intubation, and she then underwent tracheostomy. She was discharged to home on day 104 after the 1st operation, and she has been followed up for 2 months in a good clinical condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.185-195
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• 2018

Study Design: Literature review. Objective: Ultrasound-guided injections are a common clinical treatment for lower lumbosacral pain that are usually performed before surgical treatment if conservative treatment fails. The aim of this article was to review ultrasound-guided injections in the lumbar and sacral spine. Summary of Literature Review: Ultrasound-guided injections, unlike conventional interventions using computed tomography or C-arm fluoroscopy, can be performed under simultaneous observation of muscles, ligaments, vessels, and nerves. Additionally, they have no radiation exposure and do not require a large space for the installation of equipment, so they are increasingly selected as an alternative method. Materials and Methods: We searched for and reviewed studies related to the use of ultrasound-guided injections in the lumbar and sacral spine. Results: In order to perform accurate ultrasound-guided injections, it is necessary to understand the patient's posture during the intervention, the relevant anatomy, and normal and abnormal ultrasonographic findings. Facet joint intra-articular injections, medial branch block, epidural block, selective nerve root block, and sacroiliac joint injections can be effectively performed under ultrasound guidance. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided injections in the lumbar and sacral spine are an efficient method for treating lumbosacral pain.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2010

Purpose: We wished to evaluate the clinical usefulness of ultrasound, when loose body is palpated and is shown radiographically in knee. Material and Methods: Twenty-five knees of twenty-two patients with loose body in knee radiographically from March, 2007 to July, 2009 were involved in this study, there were 8 males and 14 females, there were 11 right knees, 8 left knees and 3 both knees, the average age was 56.3 years (range, 32~76 years). The location of loose bodies were 13 cases at suprapatella pouch, 1 case at infrapatella anterior compartment and 11 cases at posterior compartment. In loose bodies of suprapatella pouch, we examined the mobility of loose bodies longitudinally with ultrasound placed at superior patella pole while flexing and extending the knee. In loose bodies of infrapatella anterior and posterior compartment, we examined the mobility of loose bodies longitudinally and transversely with ultrasound while flexing and extending the knee. Results: All cases of suprapatella pouch and infrapatella anterior compartment were diagnosed to movable loose bodies and were removed surgically, all cases of posterior compartment were diagnosed to immovable loose bodies and were not removed. Conclusion: When we determined the surgical removal according to mobility of loose body in knee, ultrasound may be helpful clinically.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.780-784
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• 1996

The localized form of subaortic stenosis shows a spectrum of pathological lesions varing from dis- crete membrane to a thickened flbromuscular collar. Aortic valve is commonly involved late in the pro- cess resulting in regurgitation. Because of the likelihood o the progressive obstruction and aortic regurgitation, early elective oper- ation should be considered for the patient with subaortic stenosis. We experienced a case of localized fibromuscular subaortic stenosis associated with aortic regurgi- tation. Excision of the fibromuscular ridge and septal myectomy-myotomy relieved the subaortic seen- osis. Regurgitant aortic valve was repaired by peeling away the Hbrotic tissue on the cusps and subcommissural annuloplasty at the each commissural area. On postoperative echocardiographic examination, the systolic pressure gradient between left ventricle and aorta decreased markedly and the aortic regurgitation was not detected at all.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.542-545
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• 2011

A 12-year-old Yorkshire Terrier bitch evaluated with vaginal prolapsed and vaginal bleeding. Abdominal sonography and radiography demonstrated abnormal enlargement of uterus in abdominal cavity. The dog had been submitted to the vaginal mass resection and the ovariohysterectomy. In gross examination, the vaginal mass was firm and multiple cysts were detected in both ovaries and uterine horns. In microscopic examination, vaginal fibroma, uteroovarian cystadenocarcinoma were revealed. To our knowledge, this report is a very rare case of multiple complex neoplasms in the genital organs of dog. These findings may contribute to study and enhance the knowledge on genital tumors.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.178-187
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• 2002

Purpose : The detection of hydronephrosis(HN) with antenatal ultrasonography was first reported in the 1970s. Prenatal HN is diagnosed with an incidence of 1:100 to 1:500 on antenatal screening. Recently, the purpose of antenatal screening has changed from simple detection to selection for specific diagnosis-based management. this study is to evaluate the usefulness of antenatal sonography for HN and to investigate the differential causes of HN and their clinical outcomes. Patients and methods : 11,783 live neonates with prenatal ultrasonographic examination at Ajou University School of Medicine, from Sep. 1994 to Aug. 2001 were analyzed. Results and conclusion : Hydronephrosis (>10 mm) was detected in 119 (1.0%) cases antenatally and among these, 91 were proved to have HN postnatally Males were three times more affected than females. Additional imaging studies revealed that ureteropelvic junction obstruction was the most common postnatal diagnosis (47%), followed by multicystic dysplastic kidney, vesicoureteral junction obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux. During 20 months' follow-up(3 to 72 months), 58(48%) renal units showed spontaneous resolution and surgical interventions were necessary in 10 (7.4%) of postnatally confirmed hydronephrotic renal units.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1213-1218
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• 2002

Purpose : Hydronephrosis constitutes a great portion of fetal anomalies screened by prenatal sonogram. The present authors made an attempt to access its natural courses through follow up neonatal hydronephrosis diagnosed by prenatal sonogram. Methods : The study was composed of 23 neonates(36 renal units) who were diagnosed with hydronephrosis through prenatal sonogram screening and confirmed 3-7 days after birth with sonographic evaluation at Kyung Hee University Hospital. The neonates were closely monitored for 12-24 months with renal sonogram, diuretic renogram, intravenous pyelography(IVP) and voiding cystoureterography(VCUG). Results : The underlying diseases were composed of 16 cases(44%) of functional abnormalities, 14 cases(39%) of ureteropelvic junction(UPJ) obstruction, three cases(8%) of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and on case each of multicystic dysplastic kidney, UPJ obstruction with ureteral stenosis and ureterovesical junction(UVJ) obstruction with VUR. The degree of hydronephrosis was divided into three classes according to its severity. In 30 renal units with UPJ obstruction and functional abnormalities, 26(87%) showed mild hydronephrosis, while four(13%) were moderate. During the follow up period, six cases(20%) showed natural resolution of hydronephrosis, 15 cases(50%) showed improvement while two cases(7%) were aggravated with improvement only after surgery of the underlying disease. The cases which showed natural resolution were all mild hydronephrosis at diagnosis and the cases which underwent surgery due to continuous aggravation were mild one case and moderate one case. Conclusion : Those with cases of mild hydronephrosis show rapid natural improvement. On the other hand, in some cases, follow up monitoring reveal aggravation of the situation, emphasizing the necessity for thorough follow up for a long period of time.