• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2016

Elytra of Harmonia axyridis exhibit varied color patterns. In the present study, we deciphered the genetic basis for intraspecific diversity of elytra color patterns in H. axyridis, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Twenty-eight AFLP reactions were performed to generate a total of 2,741 bands. Of these, 20 bands were polymorphic for each color pattern. The polymorphic bands showed differences of genetic character among different color patterns of H. axyridis. Among them, ten candidate AFLP markers were color-linked. S1, S2, and S20 markers were detected in Succinea 1 and 2 variants of H. axyridis, whereas S3 and S5 were specifically detected in the Conspicua variant. S15, S18, and S19 were specific to the Succinea 2 variant. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of these ten AFLP markers were sequenced. BLAST analysis of these sequences against the GenBank database revealed their homology to DNA fragments of unknown function. Based on the color-linked AFLP markers, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were designed for PCR amplification of genomic DNA. Of the ten AFLP markers, five were successfully converted into SCAR markers, which could discriminate elytra color polymorphism in H. axyridis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.235-249
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• 2007

The multicolored Asian lady beetles (Harmonia axyridis) has characteristic color patterns, which show great variability within species. Up to now, it has been well known that main factors affected on individual color pattern variations in the population of H axyridis are external, physical, and environmental characteristics. Indeed, there is as yet no evidence to indicate whether the variation is genetic or environmental factors. Also the factors which produce this variation are unknown in this species, although it is suspected that much of the variation is under genetic control. However, the genetic relationships among many of color types were investigated by observing the progeny of each particular pairs. It is worth mentioning a few particular breeding cases to illustrate certain facets of variability, and to indicate examples suitable for genetic analysis of the color pattern variation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 2009

There was different between two differential geographical and environmental condition areas on elytra color expression patterns of the multicolored Asian lady beetles (Harmonia axyridis). Especially, it was investigated that expression rates of melanic patterns (conspicua, spectabilis and axyridis) relatively increased in overwintering populations collected in highly mean temperature and longer cumulative daylength area. In addition, in the same collection site, the seasonal difference had influenced on color patterns of H. axyridis. Although these effects didn't were not observed in the laboratory, environmental conditions such as temperature or cumulative daylength might be factors that gave an effect on color pattern formation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2012

In order to cloning of PPO gene as a melanin formation related genes involved in hardening and pigmentation of insect integument or wing, we cloned cDNA and analyzed the sequence of PPO gene of H. axyridis. PPO2 primer were designed based on the sequences of PPO genes of Tribolium castaneum and Drosophila melanogaster, and then plasmid DNA were cloned from PCR products obtained from different two color patterns. When the plasmid DNA band pattern were digested by restriction enzymes, BamH1, Xba1, and EcoR1, we found same size band pattern. However, this sequence was not homologous to sequence of T. castaneum PPO gene. Using the primer designed based on the sequence of D. melanogaster, 209 bp PCR product was observed.