• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2003

Haplotype analysis in SNP is very useful for the study of complex genetic disease due to low cost and high efficiency comparing to individual analysis of each SNP, and is functionally important in biological view. But, the gametic phase of haplotypes is usually unknown in SNP group, and it is difficult to predict haplotype proportions. In this study, haplotype proportions were estimated using EM algorithm from diploid data of SNP group in solid tumor group and normal group. From these results, linkage disequilibrium among SNPs was analyzed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

A previous study has shown that the g.17924G>A polymorphism of fatty acid synthase (FASN) is associated with unsaturated fatty acid composition in the Hanwoo beef, hence this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FASN gene on the selection phenotypes of Hanwoo breeding stock. A total of 925 progeny test steers were used to genotype g.11280G>A, g.13125T>C, and g.17924G>A polymorphisms and significant associations were found among g.11280G>A, g.17924G>A, and carcass traits, such as carcass weight, backfat thickness, and beef quantity index. No significant association was found between g.13125T>C and carcass traits. Although the degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) was not strong among g.11280G>A, g.13125T>C, and g.17924G>A in the LD analysis, four major haplotype classes were formed with the genotypic information within the FASN gene; the frequencies of the halpotypeswere -GCG-[0.378], -ATG-[0.301], -GTA-[0.191], and -ACG-[0.063], respectively. Phenotypic association was performed among these haploptypes, and the haplotype 2 (-ATG-)was significantly associated with higher carcass weight when compared to the other haplotypes, i.e. haplotype 1 (-GCG-) and haplotype 3 (-GTA-). A copy number of the FASN haplotype 3 (-GTA-) had also a significant association with carcass weight of subjects. In conclusion, it was observed that two polymorphisms (g.11280G>A and g.17924G>A) and their haplotypes within the FASN gene are consistently associated with carcass traits. Therefore, it is desirable to use the FASN polymorphisms for pre-selection program as genetic marker with improved carcass yield and beef quality of the Hanwoo sire at the Hanwoo Improvement Center as well as for commercial Hanwoo producers, the FASN genotypic information can be used for a part of selecting Hanwoo dam for superior calf production.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the equine chromosomes (ECA) 3 for the body conformations of 12 month of age in Jeju crossbred (Jeju horses ${\times}$ Thoroughbred). A total of 199 Jeju crossbred horse samples were obtained from the National Institute of Subtropical Livestock Research Institute for this study. To correctly estimate the body conformations, we measured thirteen elements relevant to the body conformation such as body weight, wither height, body length for all the 199 horses at 12 month of age. Furthermore, all the horses were genotyped using four SNPs including the BIEC2-808466, BIEC2-808543, BIEC2-808967, BIEC2-809370, of which genomic coordinates range approximately from 105.1Mbp to 110 Mbp in the ECA3. For the phenotypic data sets, the average body weight was $193.7{\pm}24.5kg$ and the height was $124.5{\pm}4.0cm$. As for the genotypic data, the miner allele frequencies of the SNPs were shown to be varied from 0.01 to 0.291. Using the phenotypic and genotypic data sets, analysis of covariance was performed to find any association between those SNP genotypes and body conformations, using year of birth, month of birth, sex, and parity as the covariance components. The result showed that alternative genotypes in the BIEC2-808967 and BIEC2-809370 SNPs were significantly associated with the body length (P<0.05) and the wither height (P<0.05) respectively in the Jeju crossbred horses. Therefore, it is estimated that there are significant associations in the body conformation of 12 month of age of Jeju crossbred for those two SNPs used in this study.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

Purpose : Various proteins encoded in the early region 3 (E3) of adenoviruses protect cells from being killed by cytotoxic T cells and death-inducing cytokines. We sought to find out whether the genetic heterogeneity of the E3 gene might contribute to the molecular diversity of adenoviruses. Methods : Sequences in the E3 region were analyzed for 14 adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) strains that were isolated from children with lower respiratory tract infections in the Seoul National University Children's Hospital during the period 1991-2000. Full-length adenoviral DNA was purified from the infected A549 cell lysates using a modified Hirt procedure. Results : There was 98% homology between 14 Korean Ad3 strains with a reference strain (M15952). Homology within the Korean Ad3 strains was 98.7%. Variation was found in the region of transcripts 20.1 kDa, 20.6 kDa, truncated 7.7 kDa, 10.3 kDa, 14.9 kDa, and 15.3 kDa. In particular, all 14 Korean strains showed a missense single point mutation at the start codon of the truncated 7.7 kDa. In addition, a deletion was found in the truncated 7.7 kDa region by 58 base pairs in 10 strains and 94 base pairs in 4 strains. Variations in amino acids were observed in the receptor internalization and degradation complex (10.3 kDa/14.9 kDa) which stimulates the clearance from the cell surface and subsequent degradation of the receptors for the Fas ligand and TRAIL, while no variations were observed in another immunoregulatory transcript, 19 kDa. Conclusion : Sequence analysis of the immunoregulatory region of adenovirus E3 shows that genetic heterogeneities are related to genome type patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.941-952
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to provide the fundamental data on elementary school girls' somatotype for their clothing construction by contemplating the stage of physical growth dividing into the period of school age and characterizing the variation of body type according to the school age. The results are as follows : 1. Form the results of one-way variables analysis and multiple comparson test(Duncan's test) classification of the period school age can be divided into 'early grade(1 2 grade)' ' middle grade(3 4 grade)' and 'later grade(5 6 grade)' 2. As the results of analyzing Mean Coefficient of Variation and Standard Deviation graph for direct and indirect measurments and index especially of the Coefficient Variation that explain individual difference of growth the items of height indicates individual difference related with height of lower body of early grade group the items of length individual difference related with length of upper body of later grade group and the items of circumference make little difference. The items of anagle makes pretty higher value that direct measurements and especially in lower angle of chest make a distinctive difference, This fact proves that children's somatotype change from the belly part extruded forwards of early and middle grade to the upper body part slanted slightly forward of later grade.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.287-297
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• 1993

생활수준의 향상과 식생활의 개선으로 복부지방의 과다축척은 여성에게 체형의 불균형을 초래하고, 심하면 요척추관절에 퇴행성병변이 유발되어 요통과 운동장애가 올 수 있다. 이러한 복부지방의 과다축척을 성형외과적 복벽 성형수술 방법으로는 지방흡인술(liposuction)과 피부지방절제술(dermolipectomy)의 2가지 방법이 있는데 적당한 환자의 선택, 적당한 수술방법의 선택 혹은 두가지 방법을 적당히 병용함으로 복부지방제거와 더불어 체형의 개선에 좋은 효과를 얻을 수 있다.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2005

In this paper, wc propose a now missing imputation method for minimizing loss of information linkage disequilibrium-based and haplotype-based imputation method, which estimate missing values of the data based on the specificity of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP) genotype data. Method for imputing data is needed to minimize the loss of information caused by experimental missing data. In general, missing imputation of biological data has used major allele imputation method. but this approach is not optima]. 1'his method has high error rates of missing values estimation since the characteristics of the genotype data are not considered not take into consideration the specific structure of the data. In this paper, we show the results of the comparative evaluation of our model methods and major imputation method for the estimation of missing values.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.166-177
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the molecular epidemiology and genetic variability of adenovirus(Ad) serotypes Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5 over 14 years in Korea. Methods : A total of 382 adenoviral strains isolated from the nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with lower respiratory tract infections in Seoul, Korea from November 1990 to February 2003 were serotyped by neutralization assay with type-specific antisera. Viral DNAs were extracted from infected cell lysates by the modified Hirt procedure. Genome type(GT) was determined by DNA restriction analysis with 12 restriction enzymess(BamHI, BclI, BglI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, HpaI, SalI, SmaI, XbaI, and XhoI). To evaluate the genetic relatedness, pairwise comigrating restriction fragments(PCRF) analysis was performed. Results : Of 382 strains, 33 strains(9%) were Ad1, 45 strains(12%) were Ad2, and 24 strains(6%) were Ad5. Eighteen GTs(Ad1p1-Ad1p7, Ad1a, Ad1b, Ad1b1-Ad1b3, Ad1c, Ad1d, Ad1e, Ad1e1, Ad1e2, Ad1f) among Ad1, 24(Ad2p1-Ad2p11, Ad2a, Ad2a1-Ad2a6, Ad2b, Ad2c, Ad2d, Ad2e, Ad2e1-Ad2e3) among Ad2, and 10(Ad5p1, Ad5p2, Ad5a, Ad5a1-Ad5a7) among Ad5 strains were identified. One or two strains of the vast majority of GTs were isolated during the study period while a few GTs were identified sporadically with more than 2 strains. It is notable that some GTs such as Ad1p5 and Ad5a1 appeared in cluster during a short period. In analysis of genetic relatedness, the degree of PCRFs(pairwise comigrating restriction fragments) for Ad1 varied from 79 to 99%, for Ad2, 82 to 99%, and for Ad5, 85 to 99%. Conclusion : This study established the comprehensive nomenclature systems of Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5. Diverse GTs identified in this study have crucial implications in the genomic diversity and epidemiological characteristics of Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.319-332
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• 2001

This study attempts to measure body sizes and somatotypes of 844 female middle and high students girls in their growth period and to investigate characteristics of each of the measured somatotypes. The data used for this study were 50 items of body sizes obtained from anthropometric measurements. The purposes of the study are as follows: 1. to analyze physical characteristics according to age. 2. to extract factors of somatotypes using factor analyses. 3. to classify somatotypes according to physical characteristics using cluster analyses. The study results were as follows: 1. TH anthropometric measurements indicated that three existed collective patterns of somatotypes across Group I(12∼13 years old), Group II(14∼15 years old), and Group III(16∼18 years old). 2. Through factor analyses, 6 factors were yielded from each age group. The cumulative proportions of these factors were 77% for Group I, 75% for Group II, and 72% for Group III. Factor I indicates a horizontal size factor and Factor 2 indicates a vertical size factor. 3. Group I and Group II ere classified into 5 types and Group III was classified as 3 types. In Group I, middle height and a little slim types were most prevalent(28%). In Group II, low height and very slim types were most prevalent(28.9%). Finally, In Group III, low height and slim types were most prevalent(4.6%)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.46
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• pp.31-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for classification of somatotype for boys of elementary school age. The subject were 458 elementary school boys aged from 7 to 12 living in Pusan. Data were collected by 56 anthropometric 11 photoraphic measurements and 41 body indices. 56 anthropometric measurements were analyzed by ANOVA and method of Duncan-test as Multiple Range Test among 6 grade groups and then total 108 measurments were analyzed by statistical data processing. The results are as followings: 1, In Duncan-test boys were significantly different in most of height and length items but were not significantly different in main items for clothing construction among 1.2/3.4/5.6 grades so that the period of elementary school age were divided with 3 periods. 2. According to increase school age most of item's means increased gradually and personal difference for each items increased too. In case of height and length items the items of lower half were greater than the items of upper half in personal difference and depth items were greater than the breadth items in personal difference. And weight and angle items were very great personal difference is specially.