• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2007

The white-colored and the dark gray-colored mutants were frequently happened in cultivated areas of Pleurotus ostreatus (Wonhyeong-neutari). These caused conflicts between farmers and spawn companies. Our studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of mutagenesis. The results from the studies would provide valuable informations that could be used to prevent the color-related mutation, and also will be applied in breeding programs of P. ostreatus. Oyster mushroom variety, Wonhyeong-neutari, is somatic hybrid of Pleurotus and has genetic makers for arginine, ornithine, proline, riboflavine. Genetic markers analysis of monospore isolates derived from color mutants show identical tendency with that of Wonhyeong-neutari, these results indicate that color mutants were derived from Wonhyeongneutari. Twenty-one and four homokaryons were selected from the white-colored mutant MGL 2205 and gray-colored ASI 2029. All 34 F1 hybrids derived from the white-colored mutant MGL 2205 produce white-color fruiting bodies, indicating that the white color trait is heritable. In the first generation hybrids between the white-colored MGL 2205 and the gray-colored ASI 2029, all 16 hybrids produced pigmented fruiting bodies. Homokaryons isolated from the hybrid MGL 2205 X ASI 2029 were mated with homokaryon tester strains derived from MGL 2205. By these result, we could assumed that white color trait is a heritable character which is controlled by more than one recessive gene.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.82-83
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• 2003

최근 인공종묘생산기술이 개발된 붉은쏨뱅이(Sabastiscus tertius)는 자연산과 양식산의 체색이 붉은색과 검정색으로 많은 차이가 있어 양식산업화에 많은 어려움이 있다. 따라서 상품가치와 경쟁력 향상을 위하여 사료에 카로티노이드 성분을 함유한 크릴새우(25, 50, 75, 100%)와 astaxanthin(5, 10, 15, 20%)를 비율대로 첨가하여 양식산 붉은쏨뱅이의 체색 변화를 살펴보았다. 크릴새우의 경우 50% 첨가한 사료실험구에서의 적색도와 황색도는 각각 6.29와 13.42로 높게 나타나기 시작하였으며 크릴새우 75% 첨가실험구에서는 적색도와 황색도가 각각 8.31과 14.91로 최고치를 보였다. 그리고 크릴 100%에서는 적색도와 황색도가 각각 7.27과 10.33로 75% 실험구에 비하여 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. astaxanthin 실험구들에서는 5%와 10% 실험구에는 체색도가 높게 나타나지 않았으나 15%에서 적색도가 7.86 황색도가 9.32로 가장 높게 나타났다. 그리고 20% 실험구에는 7.18과 6.32로 나타났다. 본 실험결과 붉은쏨뱅이의 체색회복을 위해서는 크릴새우의 경우 최소 50% 이상을 첨가해야만 가능할것으로 판단되며 astaxanthin는 15% 이상 첨가해야 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 astaxanthin보다는 크릴새우가 더 효과적이였으며 모든 실험구는 대조구(펠렛사료 100%)에 비하여 체색 회복효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자연산에서는 적색도와 황색도는 각각 23.80과 13.44로 적색도가 아주 높게 나타났으나 양식산에서는 적색도와 황색도가 1.09와 1.98로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 체색의 변화는 모든실험구에서 등지느러미와 꼬리지느리미 그리고 턱과 가슴주변에서부터 점차 배와 등쪽으로 색이 변화하는 것이 관찰되었다. 크릴 75%와 astaxanthin 15%를 공급하였을 때 체색이 변화하는 시간은 크릴의 경우 사료공급 20일 후부터 체색의 변화가 시작하여 30일이 경과 될때에는 등지느러미, 꼬리지느러미 및 턱주변이 붉은색으로 변화하였다. astaxanthin의 경우는 30일부터 등지느러미와 꼬리지느러미 부근에서 체색의 변화가 시작되었으며 40일 이후부터 붉은색으로 변화하였다. 크릴새우와 astaxanthin를 함유하여 실험하였을 때 붉은쏨뱅이의 성장은 크릴 75% 실험구에서 전장 172.3mm, 체중 65.9g으로 가장 좋았다. 그러나 대조구에서는 전장 148.7mm, 체중 49.5g으로 가장 성장이 저조하였으며 astaxanthin 실험구들에서는 전장 152.3~159.8mm, 체중 56.9~59.3g으로 서로 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.431-435
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• 2015

Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) is one of the important insect pests of leguminous crops, which occurs in most areas of South Korea. It is hard to distinguish each generation in crop fields since not only the longevity of adult R. pedestris is long but also the developmental period is short. Especially, the 2nd generation adults cause enormous damage to soybean while the occurrence time is synchronized with the podding stage of soybean. Controlling the 1st generation of R. pedestris helps to decrease the damage by decreasing the 2nd generation density. This study was conducted to distinguish between the 1st generation and the overwintering generation by using differences in body coloration which is dependent on the day-length during the nymph stage. In addition, the difference was verified by the population dynamics model of R. pedestris. The occurrence time of 1st generation adults could be considered when the summer form is 20% or more. These results will be used for beneficial management decisions to reduce the 2nd generation population.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2020

The body color pattern in fish is a distinctive feature for species identification. The blass bloched rockfish Sebastes pachycephalus is a commercially important marine fish species, distributed in the central and southern parts of Korea and south Hokkaido of Japan. It has a morphological feature divided into four subspecies according to with or lacking distinct spots on the body surface, and to the location of markings on the body surface. However, the genetic basis of body color pattern of S. pachycephalus is still unknown. Thus we analyzed the transcriptome of S. pachycephalus skin samples using RNA-seq analysis to investigate functional genes related to body color patterns. The experimental skin samples were prepared by classified into 'Wild type' (lacking distinct spots and markings) and 'Color type' (with distinct spots and marking). Two skin sample transcriptomes were compared pairwise and the results revealed that were 164 differentially expressed unigenes in the skin samples of 'Wild type' and 'Color type'. Gene Ontology analysis of 164 differentially expressed unigenes showed that these genes were included in the functional group of molecular function (2 genes), biological process (46 genes), and cellular component (6 genes). There were several genes that body color type skin specific expression and the genes were CTL (Galactose-specific lectin nattectin), CUL1 (Cullin-1), CMAS (N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase), NMRK2 (Nicotinamide riboside kinase 2), ALOXE3 (Hydroperoxide isomerase ALOXE3), SLC4A7 (sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3). Our study is the first attempt to search for functional genes involved in the formation of body color patterns in S. pachycephalus. The differentially expressed unigenes obtained in this study can be used as candidate genes for functional gene study related to body coloration of fish.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 1998

Larval morphological characters such as body color and stripe pattern were analyzed to get morphological genetic markers of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner). Body color was varied from light green to dark brown with diets. Stripe characters were classified by the presence of dorsal and lateral lines: three stripes with both lines, one stripe with dorsal line only, and zero stripe. Proportions of each stripe character increased with successive selections for its own character. Three stripe was dominant to one stripe when they were crossed. The estimated heritability in narrow sense (h2) of the stripe pattern was 0.50k0.42. About two fold more females than males were produced in zero stripe line. Stripe pattern was not significantly changed by different diets except in welsh onion which had lower proportion of three stripe individuals than that of the expected. Larval stripe pattern was also correlated with larval and pupal developmental rates and cold hardiness but not with insecticide susceptibility.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 1997

This study was carried out to confirm the taxonomical status by comparison of morphological and chromosomal charateristics and cross breeding in the two types of black and yellow body color of Korean mandarin fish, Siniperca sherzeri from Han River, Korea. Black and yellow types of Korean mandarin fish were similar in having 90-98 lateral line scale pores, 13 dorsal fin rays and XII XIII spines, 9 anal fin rays and 15 pectoral fin rays, but yellow type was differ from blacks type by yellow body color pattern. Diploid chromosome and arm number (fundamental number, NF) of the two types were the same to 2n=48 and NF=52. Karyotypes in the two types are consisted of 2 pairs submetacentric chromosome and 22 pairs of acro and/or telocentric chromosome. The black type females of Siniperca scherzeri were artificially crossed with yellow type males and black type males, respectively. The progenies from each cross breeding produced the normal individuls that possessed with parent types in the body color pattern. These data suggest that two types of Korean mandarin fish were same species, and yellow type was mutant by albino.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2008

Mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus isolates was examined on PDA media added with heavy metals to reveal effects of heavy metals on mycelial growth of the fungus. Cd and Cu strongly inhibited mycelial growth of three isolates of fungus tested. However, addition of $2{\sim}10\;mM$ Pb to growing media of white color mutant of fungus resulted in increase of the fungal growth rate. Addition of 2 mM Cr to the media resulted in increase of growth rate of the white color mutant and the dark color mutant of fungus. Mycelial growth rate of the white color mutant was relatively better than the other isolates on media added with Cr, Pb, Cu, or Mn, respectly. Tolerance of the white color mutans to heavy metals was higher than that of the black color mutant. It is suggested that tolerance of the white color mutant to heavy metals was not controled by color-related substance of the fungus.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

Seven individuals (16.1~29.1 mm in length) which were estimated with fishes of genus Abudefduf were collected in Seogwipo, Jeju Island in the summer of 2011 and 2012. Among them, five individuals (20.8~29.1 mm SL) are similar to Abudefduf notatus, based on morphological characters such as yellow transverse band on the body, one small black spot on the base of the pectoral fin, and yellow caudal fin. On the other hand, two individuals (16.1 mm, 17.0 mm SL) differ from them in several light transverse bands and transparent rays of all fins except for pelvic fin, and anterior transparent head with only one (16.1 mm). According to the results of molecular analyses of 578 base pairs of mtDNA 16S rRNA sequences, these individuals correspond to A. notatus adult, with a high bootstrap value of 95% (genetic distance, d=0.002). Therefore, this study shows that the individuals more than 20.8 mm similar to adult body color but the 16.1 mm individual differs to that of adult. We confirm that this species changes to body color during their early life stages. This result regards as a survival strategy to protect themselves against their predator during their early life stages.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.234-238
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• 2013

Based on a single juvenile specimen (32.3 mm SL) collected from the northeastern coastal waters of Goseong, Gangwon-do, Nautichthys pribilovius was described as the first juvenile record from Korea. This juvenile fish is characterized by having entire body covered with close-set villous prickles, a blunt triangular ridge above orbit with a palmate cirrus, two blunt occipital projections, preopercle with four blunt spines, and a blackish bar below eye reaching lower margin of preopercle. Some morphometric characters related with growth were also discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 1965

Present author observed the variation in color and pattern and also those of geographical distribution of Graphosoma rubrolineatum WESTWOOD.And the variations were also studied in relation to the temperature and the humidity . The results are as follows . 1. The variations in color and pattern of G.rubrolineatum were gradually changed into black ones, and so they showed polymorphic. 2. Their colors and patterns were not variated in inland at all, while those variations in island increased according to the distance from the inland. 3. The red color of the patterns appeared the yellowish-red in inland, the blackish -red in island. 4. The variation in color and pattern of G.rubrolineatum occure in the region of the temperature below 22.8$^{\circ}C$ (mean temperaturrre of June, July and August)and the humidity above 72%(yearly average).