• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of bacterial inoculation (Lactobacillus plantarum or combo inoculant mixed with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri) and addition of fibrolytic enzyme on chemical compositions and fermentation characteristics of whole crop barley (WCB) and triticale (TRT) silage, their ruminal in vitro fermentation, and digestibility. In TRT silage, enzyme addition significantly (p<0.01) decreased NDF content compared to no enzyme addition treatment. Organic acids such as lactate and acetate contents in WCB and TRT silages were significantly (p<0.01) higher compared to those in the control. Particularly, lactate content was the highest in L. plantarum treatment. Fibrolytic enzyme treatment on both silages had relatively higher lactic acid bacteria content, while mold content was lower in both treatments compared to that in the control. In vitro dry matter digestibility was generally improved in WCB silages. It was higher (p<0.01) in TRT with mixed treatment of L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and enzyme compared to others. In vitro ruminal acetate production was relatively higher in treatments with both enzyme and inoculant additions compared to that in the control. Therefore, the quality of silage and rumen fermentation could be improved by inoculants (L. plantarum and L. buchneri) regardless whether whole crop barley (WCB) or triticale (TRT) silage was used. Although it was found that fibrolytic enzyme addition to both silages had various quality and rumen fermentation values, further study is needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.343-354
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to examine the fermentation characteristics and effective degradability (ED) in the rumen, and whole tract digestibility of whole crop silage based TMR in comparison with conventional separate feeding of concentrate and roughage. Three ruminally fistulated non-lactating Holstein cattle were used in a 3 $\times$ 3 Latin square design. The cattle were fed 8kg of whole crop barley silage based TMR (BS-TMR) or 8kg (DM basis) of whole crop rye silage based TMR (RS-TMR) twice (08:00 and 18:00) daily in an equal amount. The cattle were also fed concentrate (5.6kg) and rice straw (1.4kg) seperately (DM basis, Control) twice daily in an equal amount. The both silages were included in TMR at 20% level (as fed basis). pH in the rumen fluid was not influenced by the diets but was slightly higher from TMR than from control. No difference was found in ammonia-N concentration between diets. Total VFA concentration was relatively increased in the cattle fed RS-TMR to the other diets up to 6h post feeding. The proportion of acetate was increased in the TMR feeding at right before feeding (0 h, p<0.005) and 9 h (p<0.048) post feeding compared with control. Propionate proportion was increased (p<0.046) in both TMRs while butyrate proportion was increased (p<0.029) at 1h post feeding compared to other diets. Effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP of RS-TMR was relatively increased to other diets, and EDNDF of both TMRs was higher than that of control diet due to the increased parameters b (p<0.039) and c (p<0.006) in TMR treatments. Whole track digestibility of most components in the TMRs was slightly increased compared to that in control diet, and RS-TMR had a tendency to be increased whole track digestibility except for NDF compared to BS-TMR. Based on the results observed from the present study, nutrient availability of whole crop silage based TMR looked slightly better than conventional separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw, mainly due to the improved stabilization of fermentation in the rumen and increased NDF digestibility of whole crop silage in TMR.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.828-834
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• 2012

The present study has been conducted to investigate the effects of feeding seleniferous whole crop barley (WCB) to finishing pigs on their growth performance, blood and carcass characteristics as well as on tissue selenium deposition. A total of 40 cross-bred barrows ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) were allotted to five replicates of four treatments. Each replicate was arranged to 2 pigs per pen; the experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. The finishing pigs were fed diets containing 0.1 (non-seleniferous WCB as a control), 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ppm of selenium (Se) by supplementing the diets with seleniferous WCB. The isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 5% non-seleniferous or seleniferous WCB were formulated. Feeding seleniferous WCB did not affect (p<0.05) the feed intake and BW gain. Total blood lipid concentration was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing Se levels. Total blood cholesterol concentration for the control was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for 0.4 and 0.6 ppm of Se treatments. Increasing the Se levels in WCB significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood triglyceride concentration; however, the levels increased immunoglobulin G and selenium concentrations. Feeding seleniferous WCB did not affect the carcass rate, backfat thickness and meat quality as well as yield grades. The Se concentration in the kidney, liver and loin were significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. The results indicated that feeding seleniferous WCB may improve the blood characteristics related to lipid metabolism and thus, could produce selenium-fortified pork. Moreover, it is shown that the dietary optimal selenium level to depose selenium in porcine tissues by utilizing seleniferous WCB would be 0.4 mg of Se/kg of ration. Moreover, when 100 g of pork produced from pigs raised under such condition is served to consumers, it meets the minimum recommended daily requirements (40 ${\mu}g$) of dietary selenium proposed by the World Health Organization (1996).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.362-366
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic a information on feed value and fermentative quality of whole crop barley with different harvesting time and making method. As a result, in case of feed value, crude protein, NDF and ADF content were decreased with late harvest, but TDN was increased. In the silage, the results were similar and these patterns showed the same before and after the silage making. Thus, there was no significantly difference in bale and chopper. In case of fermentative quality, pH of the silages showed increasing with late harvesting time but the contents of organic acid did lower, and those tendencies were the same in both bale and chopper condition. But the lactic acid content were approximately 23 percent higher in chopped condition. In conclusion, ensiling at yellow ripe stage is better than other stages, chopped ensiling could improve fermentation quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

In the winter forage study, Italian ryegrass(IRG) and barley were selected. In 2018, the dry matter yield of IRG was 16,915kg per ha under the Agrivoltaic System; this was a little more than 16,750kg per ha of outdoors. On the contrary, the dry matter yield of barley was slightly less under the Agrivoltaic System than that of outdoors. In 2019, the dry matter yield under the Agrivoltaic System was 12,062kg per ha for IRG and 12,195kg per ha for the barley; this was 5.4% and 11.5% less than that of outdoors, respectively. In the summer forage study, corn and sorghum×sudangrass were selected. In 2019, the dry matter yield of corn under the Agrivoltaic System was 13,133kg per ha which was 17% less than that of outdoors. The dry matter yield of sorghum×sudangrass was 12,450kg per ha, which was 82.5% of that of outdoors. In 2020, the dry matter yield of corn under the Agrivoltaic System was 8,033kg per ha which was 7.9% less than that of outdoors. The dry matter yield of sorghum×sudangrass was 5,651kg per ha, which was 11.4% less than that of outdoors.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.419-432
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine effects of applying cattle slurry and mixed sowing with legumes such as hairy vetch or forage pea on productivity, feed values and organic stock carrying capacity of whole crop barley and rye as winter forage crops, and to obtain organic forages together with higher soil fertility. Experimental plots consisted of 7 treatments, which were non-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer (containing phosphate and potassium: P+K), chemical fertilizer (containing nitrogen, phosphate and potassium: N+P+K), organic fertilizer, cattle slurry, cattle slurry application (mixture with hairy vetch), and cattle slurry application (mixture with forage pea) plots. Each treatment was triplicates, and seven treatments were allocated in a completely randomized block design. For whole crop barley or its mixture crops, annual dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of N+P+K plots were significantly (P<0.05) higher than other plots except for cattle slurry plots. The CP content of barley or its mixture crops was significantly higher tor N+P+K plot (9.8%) and mixture plots with legumes (8.6~9.7%) than those of other treatments. As 450 kg Hanwoo heifers were fed diets included 70% whole crop barley or 70% mixture crops with legumes, mixture plots are capable of raising average 1.7 to 1.8 heads/ha a year. For rye or its mixture crops, annual DM, CP, and TDN yields represented 6.9~7.1, 0.5~0.6 and 4.3~4.4 ton/ha, respectively. The N+P+K plot contained 10.8% CP, which was higher (P<0.05) than all other treatments. In case of 450 kg Hanwoo heifers fed diets included 70% rye or 70% mixture crops with legumes, mixture plots can rear average 1.9 heads/ha a year. When it was considered based on crop yields and organic stock carrying capacity, applying cattle slurry to whole crop barley or rye had the comparable yields and feed values to chemical fertilizer application. Moreover, whole crop barley and rye within cattle slurry plots had a greater combination with hairy vetch and forage pea, respectively, and their mixture crops with legumes had higher crude protein and TDN yields within cattle slurry plots. In conclusion, it would be expected that mixed sowing with legumes in the application of cattle slurry to grass crops could be substituted for imported organic grains as dietary protein sources in feeding organic livestock.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.575-577
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• 2008

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.28 no.3 s.311
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.504-509
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• 2015

This research carried out to figure out the effect of the green manure crop cultivated at a preparation field and the shading net on the growth, development, and quality of ginseng. Followings are results obtained from the research. Leaf width of ginseng under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polythylene net (TBTBPN) was good at rye and hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) was good at barley and hairy vetch cultured group. Meanwhile, leaf width was good at hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under a blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) was good at a barley and barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but stem length was shorter compare to other shading net cultivations. Root weight of ginseng was good under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN) at a rye and hairy vetch cultured group, and was good under the shading net of a three-layered blue and onelayered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) at a barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but there was no significant difference under blackout screen according to manure crop varieties. Ratio of rusty root was 10.2% at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), and was 23.1% at hairy vetch cultured group under shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Ratio of rusty root was the lowest at a rye cultured group regardless the shading nets. Content of the ginsenoside was the highest at the rye cultured group under the shading net of two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), was the highest at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN), and was the highest at the rye cultured group under the blackout screen.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2014

This study was conducted to develop an eco-friendly control method for water foxtail in the field sowing barley seeds before rice harvesting. When sea water was applied pre-emergent, 1 and 2 leaves, little injury was observed on barley. Percent of water foxtail control with sea water (100%) was more than 50% at 1 leaf application timing. When sodium chloride was applied 400, 800 and $1,600kg\;ha^{-1}$, little injury was observed on barley. Percent of water foxtail control with sodium chloride was 36-44% at 30 days after sowing. When ferrous sulfate was applied at 400, 800 and $1,600kg\;ha^{-1}$, emergent injury was observed 35-50% on barley. Percent of water foxtail control with ferrous sulfate was 48-79% at 30 days after sowing. When barley was sowed at 200, 300 and $400kg\;ha^{-1}$, seeding rate standing plants have many of the more crops, water foxtail occurrence was low. And, Forage yield of 300 kg ha-1 seeding in the highest. Based on the results, it is possible to control water foxtail in the field sowing barley seeds before rice harvesting more than 50%.