• 산업진흥연구
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2021

이 논문의 목적은 청대와 중화민국, 그리고 현대에 이르기까지 수십 종의 평주와 해석들이 등장하고 있는 명실상부 최고의 명리원전인 『적천수(滴天髓)』의 판본을 고찰해보는 것이다. 『적천수』의 원저자는 송대(宋代)의 경도(京圖)이며, 원말(元末)·명초(明初)의 유기(劉基)가 원주를 달았고, 청대(淸代)의 임철초(任鐵樵)가 증주를 달았다는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 원문의 내용을 살펴보면 원문의 저술 시기가 명대(明代) 중기 이후로 가정하게 하는 준거가 여러 가지 나타나고, 이 저술이 송대의 것일 가능성이 크지 않다면 그 저자 또한 송대의 경도(京圖)일 가능성 또한 높지 않다. 또한, 초기 판본을 출판 간행했던 진소암과 정지운의 진술을 살펴보면 통상적인 저자 인식에 부정적 의견도 크게 자리하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 현존하는 『적천수(滴天髓)』의 판본 4종, 진소암이 편집 출판한 『적천수집요』, 천경당 목각본을 정지운이 보교정한 『명리수지 적천수』, 임철초가 주석하고 손형보가 간행한 『적천수천미』, 임철초 주석 본을 서락오가 편집 간행한 『적천수징의』에 기록되어 전하는 원문을 비교 분석하는 작업을 진행하였다. 이 연구가 『적천수』를 더욱 깊이 이해하고 향후 평주 비교 연구 등 관련 연구에 조금이나마 도움이 되었으면 한다.

• 인삼문화
• /
• 제5권
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2023

1749년 훈춘의 두만강 인근에서 청나라의 채삼인 6명이 조선 병사에게 피살되는 사건이 발생했다. 사건은 청나라 채삼인과의 물물교환 과정에서 쌀값을 제대로 받지 못한 조선인들이 분개하여 청나라 채삼인을 습격하면서 발생했다. 조선인 범인 7명은 결국 사건이 일어난 지 1년 6개월 후에 처형되었다. 조선과 청에서 이 사건을 조사하고 해결하기 위한 과정, 양국 사이에 오간 문서 등이 조선의 『동문휘고』(同文彙考), 『조선왕조실록』, 그리고 청대 만주어 자료인 『혼춘부도통아문당』(琿春副都統衙門檔)에 소상하게 기록되어 있다. 살인 사건을 처리하는 과정에서 청의 지방관은 피살자의 신분을 정확하게 파악하여 책임 소재를 확인하고 이들이 남긴 재산을 처리하는 데 집중했지만, 조선 조정은 국경에서 발생한 살인 사건이 청 정부와의 관계에서 문제를 일으키지 않도록 사건의 정황을 신속히 보고하고 범인을 체포하는 일에 주력하였다. 사건에 관한 양국의 기록은 당시 두만강 국경 주변에서 양국 주민들의 교류, 월경, 물물교환, 채삼 규정, 국제 범죄인 인도와 심문, 국경의 관리 등 당시의 사회상과 양국의 정치적 사회적 관계를 잘 보여주고 있다. 또한, 청과 조선의 여러 계층 사람들이 이 사건을 처리하면서 각자의 위치에 따라 서로 다른 관계를 맺고 있었음을 알 수 있다.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the historical and environmental background of the straight-line-shaped plan emerged in northeast region of China during the Qing dynasty. This raper is mainly based on the writings in Yeon-haeng-rok. The results are summarized as follows: First the necessity of a lot of sunshine due to the cold climate in that region made the people select the plan that rooms to be added side by side. Second, it was not necessary to build the house with non-straight-line-shaped plan due to the reason that the northeast region of China is so vast and the size of the house lot was not limited. Third, the condition of family income somewhat affect the shape of plan to be straight-line-shaped, which is much economical to construct a house than other shape of plan. Fourth, the way of living of the people in that region during the Qing dynasty made the house plan straight-line-shaped which is convenient to sit either on the floor or on the chair within a room. Fifth, straight-line-shaped plan became an adequate means to represent the hierarchy of the use of inner space of a house and eventually became an architectural norm of this region.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2015

In dyeing cotton fabric with the Indigo Pulverata Levis, this research examined the effect of the sodium dithionite($Na_2S_2O_4$). For the separation of the Indigo-calcium hydroxide complex in the alkaline solution of the Indigo Pulverata Levis, the reduction with the $Na_2S_2O_4$ at $25^{\circ}C$ was more effective than the solution boiling. The concentration of Indigo in the cotton fabric increased with the increase of Indigo Pulverata Levis, but the concentration of indirubin did not increase particularly. The optimum temperature for the reduction was $60^{\circ}C$, and K/S value of dyed fabric decreased at over $60^{\circ}C$. The concentration of indigo and indirubin in the cotton fabric decreased as $Na_2S_2O_4$ concentration increased. In treating cotton fabric dyed with the Indigo Pulverata Levis by the $Na_2S_2O_4$, the concentration of indirubin decreased and the surface color of dyed cotton changed from purple blue to blue while the treatment temperature was getting higher.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.421-426
• /
• 2006

Objective To learn if there were different characteristics of tongue demonstration between diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and disorder of internal organs. Methods Choosing 3059 cases from 51 medical records of Qing Dynasty, in which 1397 cases were diagnosed as diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and 1110 were disorder of internal organs. Contrasting the constituent ratio of tongue demonstration using chi-square test. Results There were significant deviation between diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and disorder of internal organs in color of tongue, color of fur and quality of fur (p<0.01). Conclusions the characteristics of tongue demonstration in diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor were high frequency of bright red tongue, yellow fur, blank fur and dry fur; and which in disorder of internal organs were high frequency of white tongue, thin fur, greasy fur and exfoliative fur.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.79-99
• /
• 2007

Basic summary of the medical administration : Due to Qing dynasty being the last of the dynastic era, it revealed overall extreme political traits in politics, economy, phenomenon, and cultural aspects. Few emperors of the early Qing dynasty adopted appeasement policy that mitigated ironies to a certain extent and showed growth in various business related fields. Even the medical administration had freshness during that period. United medical administrative system was generally formed, chicken pox was effectively prevented, shamanistic treatment was banned, medical journals were complied by the government, medical relief was more intensely done. However, actions on restoring Ming dynasty and against Qing dynasty as well as the reform power grew against Qing government threatening it. The drastically grown forces from the western region damaged Qing dynasty that the governors had to adopt despotic measures in politics, economy and culture. Social chaos began to arise, economy stagnated and weakened that the medical field also dwindled to the point where it could not be restored to the original point. The era of Qing dynasty was the period that had scientific culture at its fast growing pace, but for Chinese medicine, by contrary, due to autocracy and other factors, was faced with barriers in the medical development.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.321-329
• /
• 2004

These days as the average span of man's life increases, the patients of senile dementia also increase. In oriental medicine, the study of dementia developed during the Ming and Qing eras. So I investigated medical books on those eras, as a result, the following conclusion was drawn. 1. ZhangJingYue of the Ming era considered the cause of dementia to be emotional problems, he observed a delirium, abnormal actions, sweating loss and depression in the dementia patients and he prescribed 'BokManJeon', 'ChilBokYem' and 'DaeBoWonJeon'. 2. ChenShiZe of the Ming&Qing era considered the cause of dementia to be a dejection of liver energy, a weakness of stomach energy and phlegm, he described many symptoms and he prescribed 'SeSimTang' and 'ChukBoSunDan'. 3. WangQingRen of the Qing era considered amnesia caused by abnormal brain function, this fact is similar to Western Medicine.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.249-266
• /
• 2015

The sauce and paste, which is collectively called as 'jang' in Korean is the staple seasoning of Korean cuisine. Although China shares some aspects of the Jang (醬), the exact types and forms are different. In this study, we explore the current Korean jang through the six culinary books- "Seongwonlog (醒園錄)", "Yangsolog (養小錄)", "Jojeongjip (調鼎集)", "Susiggeeumsigbo (隨息居飮食譜)", "Junggwerok (中饋錄)", and "Sosigseolyag (素食說略)" from the Qing Dynasty of China. The Jang of Qing Dynasty are further classified into the Chumjang (甛醬), Dusi (豆豆支), Chungjang (淸醬), and jangyou (醬油). To make these four types, the huangzi (黃子) has to be first made from the flour or beans, after which salt is added and sun-dried. Chumjang is the type of Chunjang used to make Zhajiangmian and is widely used in the Northern part of China. Like Chumjang, Dusi is made from flour and beans. Salt as well as various spices like Star anise, Chinese pepper and sesame are added. This type of paste is widely used in the Southern part of China. Chungjang is made when salt and water are added and sun-dried, after which it is filtered through an apparatus called Jangyou. The final product is sauce similar to today's soybean sauce.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
• /
• 제10권
• /
• pp.98-118
• /
• 2008

Basic summary of the medical administration : Due to Qing dynasty being the last of the dynastic era, it revealed overall extreme political traits in politics, economy, phenomenon, and cultural aspects. Few emperors of the early Qing dynasty adopted appeasement policy that mitigated ironies to a certain extent and showed growth in various business related fields. Even the medical administration had freshness during that period. United medical administrative system was generally formed, chicken pox was effectively prevented, shamanistic treatment was banned, medical journals were complied by the government, medical relief was more intensely done. However, actions on restoring Ming dynasty and against Qing dynasty as well as the reform power grew against Qing government threatening it. The drastically grown forces from the western region dan1aged Qing dynasty that the governors had to adopt despotic measures in politics, economy and culture. Social chaos began to arise, economy stagnated and weakened that the medical field also dwindled to the point where it could not be restored to the original point. The era of Qing dynasty was the period that had scientific culture at its fast growing pace, but for Chinese medicine, by contrary, due to autocracy and other factors, was faced with barriers in the medical development.

• 중국학논총
• /
• 제27호
• /
• pp.147-166
• /
• 2009

New year pictures prevailed from 1660s to 1860. Especially, the reign period of Emperor Qianlong(r. 1736-1795) was the period of prosperity. The period of 1660s when new year pictures were started to be popular was the reign period of Emperor Kangxi(r. 1662-1722) was just started and corresponded to Emperor Kangxi's promulgation of "Sacred Edict." Chinese operas such as Peking opera were very popular among common people in the period from 1660s to 1860 when new year pictures prevailed. Qing emperors as foreign ruler chose the way of ruling their people by means of cultural influence in stead of military power. However their culture effort was not efficient toward the majority of illiterate people. New year pictures offered every information about the world through visual icons to the illiterate people at that time who perceived the world by means of seeing. They met the world through visual information offered by new year pictures. New year pictures were the stronger visual medium to spread and educate "Sacred Edict" to illiterate subjects than any other guide books published by elite officers.