• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-136
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• 2008

The development of the aviation technology is beyond the people's imagination. For example, with some exaggeration, If the autopilot engage upon take off, You will realize that you are on the centerline of the foggy JFK runway 13R after 15 hours with only once or twice of intervention. But the more aviation technology develops, the more responsible the pilot will be who has the final authority of the aviation safety. In the JAL 706 accident caused by unidentified reason, the pilot increased pitch abruptly and overrode the control from the autopilot. The result of this process made the death of a flight attendant and some injuries of a few passengers. The district court found the pilot not guilty at the first trial on the ground that the control override was not connected to the possibility of foresight and avoidance of the human death. The pilot was proved to be innocent through the analysis of the DFDR and ADAS that the override did not precede the unidentified pitch up motion. The judicial precedent related to aviation accidents in Korea requires pilots' absolute and extended care compared to the ordinarily prudent or reasonably careful behaviors in the vehicle and medical accidents. Although there is some controversy about the standard care, the care required in the actual operation of high tech aircraft by a pilot should include objective and standard care and be judged by analysis of the scientific data. Although the pilot maintained the unusual hi speed that doesn't have safety margin and descended under turbulence in case of the JAL 706 accident, the court negatived its relation to the cause of pitch up. Also, the override of the control after initial pitch up might have caused the possibility of the death and injury, but the court denied it. Because of this complex cause of the aviation accidents, it is important for a court to figure out the core reason of the event and casual relationship with the pilot Now, It is required that the judgement of negligence in the aviation accidents should include an objective care with scientific data from simulated circumstances(or a simulator) as the Japanese court not from the theory of vehicle's negligence.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

This paper deals with the transmission interval of vehicle data in smart highway where WAVE (Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments) systems have been installed for advanced road infrastructure. The vehicle data could be collected at every second, which is containing location information of the vehicle as well the vehicle speed, RPM, fuel consuming and safety data. The safety data such as DTC code, can be collected through OBD-II. These vehicle data can be used for valuable contents for processing and providing traffic information. In this paper, we propose a model to decide the collection interval of vehicle information in real time environment. This model can change the transmission interval along with special and time-variant traffic condition based on the 32 scenarios using microscopic traffic simulator, VISSIM. We have reviewed the transmission interval, communication transmission quantity and communication interval, tried to confirm about communication possibility and BPS, etc for each scenario. As results, in 2-lane from 1km highway segment, most appropriate transmission interval is 2 times over spatial basic segment considering to communication specification. In the future, if a variety of wireless technologies on the road is introduced, this paper considering not only traffic condition but also wireless network specification will be utilized the high value.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.57-64
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• 2020

The leading technologies of the ADAS (Advanced Driver Assist System) are ACC (Advanced Cruise Control), LKAS (Lane Keeping Assist System), and AEB (Autonomous Emergency Braking). LKAS is a system that uses cameras and infrared sensors to control steering and return to its running lane in the event of unintentional deviations. The actual test is performed for a safety evaluation and verification of the system. On the other hand, research on the system evaluation method is insufficient when an additional steering angle is applied. In this study, a model using Prescan was developed and simulated for the scenarios proposed in the preceding study. Comparative analyses of the simulation and the actual test were performed. As a result, the modeling validity was verified. A difference between the front wheels and the lane occurred due to the return velocity. The results revealed a maximum error of 0.56 m. The error occurred because the lateral velocity of the car was relatively small. On the other hand, the distance from wheels to the lanes displayed a tendency of approximately 0.5 m. This can be verified reliably.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1987

Automation of agricultural machinery is a high technology needed to increase work capacity and accuracy, to save agricultural resources and energy, to solve labor shortage, and to improve operator's comfort and safety. With the rapid development of electronic industry, automation of agricultural machinery will be progressed fast, and eventually will lead to no-operator machines or agricultural robots. Automation should be promoted step by step without increasing the cost of farming, excluding rural labor forces, decreasing labor volition, and losing human nature. In order to achieve rational automation of agricultural machinery, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of soils and crops, to develop sensors, controllers and robots with artificial intelligence. It is recommended that the present trends to directly automatize the individual machinery be changed to the development of a harmonious automation system for overall farming.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 2021

The Forward Collision Warning, a representative technology of the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, was selected as the target technology. The cognitive response time, deceleration, and impact were selected as the measures of effectiveness. And the amount of change with and without the Forward Collision Warning was measured. The experimental scenarios included a sudden stop event (1) of the vehicle in front of the driver and an event (2) in which the vehicle intervened in the next lane. All experiments were divided into day and night. As a result of the analysis, response time and the deceleration rate decreased when the forward collision warning system was installed. It was analyzed that the driver's risk situation could be detected quickly and the number of front-end collisions could be reduced as a result. Reflecting the driver's operating habits and diversifying the experimental scenarios will increase the installation effectiveness of ADAS and be used to estimate the effectiveness of other technologies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

Our daily lives are changing at a rapid pace and the concept of smart city is spreading, as the information communication technologies apply to various fields. However, efforts to prepare for changes in society due to technological evolution are insufficient in the field of landscape architecture. The purposes of this study are to explore the concept of smart parks, to investigate how smart technology has been applied to parks, and to identify the users' perception and satisfaction on smart park services. To this end, we conducted literature review, focus group interviews with experts, and a questionnaire survey with 180 users of the IoT See pilot smart park in Daegu. Smart parks can, as a result, be defined as sustainable parks that improve users' experience in parks and solve social and environmental problems faced by utilizing various high technology. Smart technologies introduced at the park so far have been mostly focused on safety and environmental areas, including AI CCTV, smart street lamp, and fine dust warning devices. The results of survey showed that not many users were aware of the smart services the park provided due to the lack of public communication as well as the nature of maintenance-oriented smart services. The survey also found that AR services for the education of historic parks were the least utilized, while solar power benches and WiFi service were most preferred by the park users. In conclusion, smart technologies need to be integrated with diverse park contents more centered user needs, providing services to enhance safety and environmental management in order to develop user-oriented smart parks.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2020

Streamflow discharge as a fundamental riverine quantity plays a crucial role in water resources management, thereby requiring accurate in-situ measurement. Recent advances in instrumentations for the streamflow discharge measurement has complemented or substituted classical devices and methods. Among various potential methods, surface current meter using microwave has increasingly begun to be applied not only for flood but also normal flow discharge measurement, remotely and safely enabling practitioners to measure flow velocity postulating indirect contact. With minimized field preparedness, this method facilitated and eased flood discharge measurement in the difficult in-situ conditions such as extreme flood in active ways emitting 24.125 GHz microwave without relying on natural lights. In South Korea, a rectangular shaped instrument named with Microwave Water Surface Current Meter (MWSCM) has been developed and commercially released around 2010, in which domestic agencies charging on streamflow observation shed lights on this approach regarding it as a potential substitute. Considering this brand-new device highlighted for efficient flow measurement, however, there has been few noticeable efforts in systematic and comprehensive evaluation of its performance in various measurement and riverine conditions that lead to lack in imminent and widely spreading usages in practices. This study attempted to evaluate the MWSCM in terms of instrumen's monitoring configuration particularly regarding tilt and yaw angle. In the middle of pointing the measurement spot in a given cross-section, the observation campaign inevitably poses accuracy issues related with different tilt and yaw angles of the instrument, which can be a conventionally major source of errors for this type of instrument. Focusing on the perspective of instrument configuration, the instrument was tested in a controlled outdoor river channel located in KICT River Experiment Center with a fixed flow condition of around 1 m/s flow speed with steady flow supply, 6 m of channel width, and less than 1 m of shallow flow depth, where the detailed velocity measurements with SonTek micro-ADV was used for validation. As results, less than 15 degree in tilting angle generated much higher deviation, and higher yawing angle proportionally increased coefficient of variance. Yaw angles affected accuracy in terms of measurement area.