• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2002

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.472-477
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• 2018

Pravastatin sodium is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia by reducing cholesterol biosynthesis. Pharmaceutical excipients of commonly used including water, diluents, stabilizers, disintegrants, lubricants and colorants, and were identified for compatibility. All tests were performed by means of physical mixture of pravastatin and the excipients, which were placed in a press-through-pack (PTP) and incubated under accelerated conditions ($40^{\circ}C$ and 75% relative humidity) for 3 months. The blends of pravastatin with all excipients developed white, off white, and light brown powders, which showed no changes upon visual analysis. Accelerated conditions changed the degradation profile of pravastatin calcium in the HPLC system when mixed with different excipients. Although most excipients can have minor effects on pravastatin stability, the major degradation product from pravastatin was lactone. Low-level interaction (assay and impurity) was induced by all excipients except for microcrystalline cellulose and croscarmellose sodium. These excipients increased lactone impurity in 3 months by as much as 0.22% and 0.18% respectively. The total mixture slightly increased the lactone impurity (by 0.43% in 3 months) of pravastatin. There was no change in the assays of all excipients. These results will be helpful in studying tablet size reductions for convenience of use.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2007

The effects of synthetic bulking agent (SBA) on the composting reaction were investigated with a lab-scale composting reactor. The positive effects of SBA addition were observed in composting reactions where relatively tough composting conditions like high water content and no addition of seed compost were provided. Such effects were assumed to be caused by the enhanced free air space in compost mixture. It was additional benefits of using SBA, a bulking agent, that the amount of saw dust, another bulking agent, could be reduced to 50% compared to composting without SBA. Although SBA would be used as a bulking agent, two options are thought to be very important to ensure composting reaction well. One is that optimal water content should be maintained around 60%. The other is that saw dust is inevitable bulking agent to prevent food waste from lumping, so combination use of two ones are necessary.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate effects of increasing moisture content with or without supplementing inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) in TMR (total mixed ration) on its feed value. In case of exposing TMR to air, the lower the moisture level of TMR was, the less its apparent condition was changed. The time of spreading of molds tended to be faster in TMR with the higher moisture level. And also the odor was influenced by moisture content and inoculant supplement that is, sour odor was smelled from 24 hour after exposing TMR containing 35% and 50% moisture to air, but TMR supplemented with inoculant had sweet odor. The inner temperature of TMR containing 35% and 50% moisture without inoculant tended to increase continually after the lapse of 6 hours when the TMR was exposed to air. The inner temperature of TMR containing 35% moisture with inoculant tended to increase dramatically after the lapse of 48 hours when exposed to air, but that of TMR containing 50% moisture with inoculant tended to increase after 6 hours. The pH of TMR containing 15% was consistent regardless of exposing time to air, but that of TMR containing 35% and 50% moisture considerably increased after 12 and 24 hours, respectively. The concentration of $NH_3-N$ of TMR supplemented with inoculant was increased from 6 hours after exposure to air, while that or TMR without inoculant increased from 12 hours. Nutrient content or TMR tended to be increased with the increase of exposing time to air and storage time under sealed condition.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2012

Common bulking agents in composting system include woody materials such as sawdust and woodchips. These bulking agents are mainly used for the purpose of the proper control of C/N ratio and moisture content in the composting. The topic for the effect on air permeability of bulking agents has far received relatively little attention in the composting field. This study investigated the effect of bulk density, moisture content, air-filled porosity, particle size and air flow rate on air permeability of several mixture ratios of sawdust and woodchip bulking agent. Increasing the moisture contents, the air-filled porosity was decreased and the particle size was increased for all kinds of bulking agent mixtures. Especially, with the increasing of mixing ratio of woodchip, these effects were sharply magnified. The air permeability respond to air-filled porosity was very similar to that for moisture content which was anticipated the linear relationship between air-filled porosity and moisture content. Above the region of moisture content 0.25 or 0.43(d.b.)(20 or 30% w.b.), the pressure drop decreased even though air-filled pore spaces were filling with water. Especially, to the particle size of 5 mm the pressure drop was decreased exponentially, so the air permeability was dramatically improved. By the water had the role of binding of the small particles, the macropores less resistances to air flow were created in the matrix. The effect of particle size on air permeability was much stronger than that of air-filled porosity or moisture content. And it is needed the preparing of initial particle size above 5 mm for efficient composting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.184-184
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• 2008

저온 동시 소성 세라믹(LTCC, Low Temperature Co-firing) 기술 중에서 테이프 캐스팅(tape casting)은 얇고 균일한 세라믹 그린 쉬트를 연속 성형할 수 있으며 성형된 쉬트의 밀도, 표면상태, 두께제어 등이 매우 중요하다. 얇고 균일한 세라믹 그린 쉬트를 제작하기 위해서 슬러리의 분산성과 레오로지 특성은 매우 중요한 요소이며 첨가되는 유기물 첨가제들의 종류와 함량비는 슬러리의 분산성과 점도에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 유기물 첨가제의 종류와 함량에 따른 슬러리의 점도와 그린 쉬트의 밀도 및 두께 제어에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 바인더로는 acryl, polyvinyl 계를 사용하였으며, 가소제는 glycol, phatalate 계를 사용하였다. 각각 2 종류의 바인더와 가소제의 함량에 따른 레올로지 거동과 그런 쉬트의 밀도를 측정하였다. 각 조성별로 준비된 슬러리를 사용하여 테이프 캐스팅 방법으로 제작된 그린 쉬트의 두께를 측정하여 유기물 첨가제 조성이 그린 쉬트의 두께제어에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of microbial inoculant on the quality of round baled grass silage at experimental field of Grassland and Forages Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1997 to 1998. The experiment was consist of randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were three different inoculant (control, inoculant A, B and C). The contents of ether extract(EE), crude protein(CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) in inoculant treatment plots were higher than those in control. Silages treated by Inoculant A, Band C had significantly lower acidity than that of control silage (p<0.05). Dry matter(DM) content of control silage was higher than those of inoculant treated silage. There were significant differences in organic acid contents among treatments(p<0.05). Lactic acid was increased with inoculant treatment, but, acetic and butyric acid was decreased. The DM loss of all silages were decreased with inoculant treatment and quality grade of inoculant treated silage was higher than that of control. Results of this study indicate that addition of microbial inoculant will improve the fermentation and quality of round baled grass silage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.204-208
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• 2004

표고버섯가루 첨가량과 지방대체제의 첨가 유무에 따른 저지방 소시지의 이화학적 및 조직학적인 성상에 대하여 조사하였고 기존의 유화형 소시지와 유사한 성상을 갖는 저지방 처리구를 선별하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 지방대체제를 첨가한 경우 수분함량이 높았으나 적색도는 낮았다. 표고버섯 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 명도는 낮았으나 황색도는 증가하였다. 경도의 경우 지방대체제 첨가와 표고버섯 첨가량에 따라 상관관계를 보였으며 각각의 표고버섯 첨가량에서 지방대체제의 첨가는 저지방 소시지의 경도를 낮추었다. 한편 지방대체제를 첨가하지 않은 경우 경도는 표고버섯가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 낮았으나, 지방대체제를 첨가한 경우 표고버섯 첨가량이 1% 이하에서는 감소하였으나 그 이상 첨가시 변화가 없었다. 관능검사결과 지방대체제와 표고버섯가루 1% 이상 첨가 시 비 선호경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 지방대체제를 첨가하지 않을 경우 표고버섯 1% 첨가는 기존의 유화형 소시지와 유사한 경도를 보였으나, 지방대체제를 첨가한 경우 표고버섯가루 1% 이상 첨가는 불필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.178-188
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• 2014

Two kinds of anticaking agents (dextrin, polydextrose) were combined with kiwifruit paste at 5% w/w ratio and freeze-dried to prepare a powdered material. The physiochemical characteristics of kiwifruit powders with anticaking agents were compared with those without anticaking agents as the control. The yield was higher in the powders with anticaking agents than the control. Moisture content, acidity, and total phenolics were lower in the powders with anticaking agents than the control. The contents of vitamin C was higher in the powders with anticaking agents than the control, but was no significant difference with different anticaking agent types. There were no significant differences in free sugar content (fructose, glucose, total sugar) and organic acid content (oxalic acid, lactic acid, total) depending on the anticaking agent types. Hunter's L-value was significantly high in the order of the samples with dextrin, the control, and polydextrose, while a-value showed an opposite tendency. Browning index, water solubility, and swelling power didn't show any significant difference. However, the hygroscopicities with elapsed time were lower in the powders with anticaking agents than the control. Therefore, the kiwifruit powder combined with dextrin or polydextrose as an anticaking agent at 5% w/w ratio could be used as a food biomaterial with a good quality in moisture, vitamim C, color value, browning index, water solubility, and hygroscopicity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2011

Polysulfone (PSf) membranes were prepared via the phase inversion process. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added as a nonsolvent additive in the casting solution containing a mixture of PSf and n-methylpyrrolidone. The added PVP played a role of enhancing liquid-liquid phase separation of the casting solution, and significantly reduced the solution fluidity. When prepared via the diffusion-induced process using water as a precipitation nonsolvent, the solidified membranes revealed a typical asymmetric structure irrespective of the addition of PVP. With 5 wt% PVP content, the finger-like cavities were more developed in the membrane sublayer compared to that of the membranes prepared without PVP. In contrast, with more than 10 wt% of PVP, the formation of finger-like cavities was suppressed, and the thickness of polymer nodule layer was increased. The surface porosity was also increased with the PSf content in the casting solution. The water permeability curve as a function of PVP addition revealed the inflection point. The maximum water permeability for 12 wt% PSf membrane was obtained with 5 wt% PVP content, and that for 18 wt% PSf membrane with 15 wt% PVP.