• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2008

We evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of scoria on growth performances and apparent protein digestibility in juvenile parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus and olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In experiment, parrot fish at initial average weight of $7.6{\pm}0.01g(mean{\pm}SD)$ were divided into 9 groups(three groups per dietary treatment) and fed one of three isonitrogenous diets which contained 0%, 1% and 2% of scoria, respectively. Experiment was conducted with juvenile olive flounder to demonstrate the improved apparent digestibility of protein found in the experiment. Five experimental diets were formulated to contain different levels of scoria: Diet 1(control), 0% scoria; diet 2, 1% scoria; diet 3, 2% scoria; diet 4, 3% scoria; and diet 5, 4% scoria. After 9 weeks of feeding trial(Exp), no significant differences were observed on growth performances between Scoria 2% and the control group. However, the growth was significantly lower in scoria 1% compared to that of the control group. Hematological parameters were not affected by the supplementation of scoria. Interestingly, apparent protein digestibility was improved by dietary supplementation of scoria both in parrot fish and olive flounder. The findings suggest that dietary supplementation of 2-3% scoria is optimum levels in order to improve the protein digestibility in the diets for juvenile parrot fish and olive flounder.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.551-558
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary wormwood powder (Artemisia montana Pampan; WP) supplementation on growing performance and fecal noxious gas emission in weanling pigs. One hundred and twelve pigs were alloted into four treatments and offered for 4 weeks one of the diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5% (0.5), 1.0% (1.0) and 2.0% (2.0) WP. Each treatments has four replicate with 7 pigs per replicate. ADG, ADFI and F/G were improved by 1.0 and 2.0 WP supplementation during 0d${\sim}$14d feeding. Feed intake of 1.0 WP diet was higher (P<0.05) than any other diet during 15d${\sim}$28d feeding. But there were no differences among the other treatments in the weight gain and feed conversion. During the whole feeding period, daily weight gain and feed intake of pigs fed 1.0 and 2.0 treatments were higher than those of pigs fed control and 0.5 diet. DM digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in weanling pigs fed 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 WP than that of the control. The protein digestibility was significantly improved in 1.0 WP treatment and the phosphorus digestibility was improved in 2.0 WP treatment. Excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus was significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 2.0 treatment than control. Emission of fecal ammonia after 48 hours storage in vinyl bag dramatically decreased by all the treatments except control. However, there was no statistical difference in fecal hydrogen sulfide emission among treatments. In conclusion, this study suggested that the dietary 1.0${\sim}$2.0 supplementation of WP can improve productivity of pigs decrease fecal $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ gas emission.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementation of insoluble dietary fiber (Vitacel®) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs. A total of 96 pigs that averaged 6.49$\pm$0.52kg BW and 23$\pm$2.1d age were allocated in a randomized block design with two pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Pigs and feeders were weighed 10-days interval for the 40-d trials to determine ADG, ADFI and feed:gain ratio(F:G). Pigs were fed one of four diets:1) Control diet (C) 2) C+0.3% insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) 3) C+0.6% IDF and 4) c+0.9% IDF. For the determination of fecal nutrients digestibility, pigs were fed diets(diet 2) with 1% Celite-545(Fluka) as a marker and feces were collected on $9^{th}$ day and $18^{th}$ day after feeding diet 2. During the whole experimental period, pigs fed diet with 0.3% IDF have significantly higher ADG than other dietary treatment groups(P<0.05). ADG of pigs fed diet with 0.6% IDF was higher than that of pigs fed control diet(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in ADG between control group and 0.9% IDF group(P>0.05). ADFI of pigs fed diet with 0.3% IDF was significantly higher than any other dietary treatment groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in ADFI among control group, 0.6% and 0.9% IDF supplementation groups (P>0.05). Digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber and energy were significantly higher in 0.3% IDF supplementation group than any other dietary groups. However, there was no difference in over all nutrient digestibilities between 0.6% and 0.9% IDF group. Feeding diets more than 0.6% IDF did not affect the rest of the nutrients digestibilities except for ADF digestibility compared to control diet. Dietary supplementation level of IDF showed a significant quadratic effect on performance improvement of piglets. This response of growth performance to IDF supplementation is, as expected, in agreement with that of nutrient digestibility. Our results showed that IDF supplementation to diet for weaned piglets might be beneficial in terms of growth and nutrient digestibility. However, there should be more study on the relationship between level of IDF supplementation and piglet response as well as the exact mode of action of IDF in weaned piglets.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2001

The effect of MoO$_3$ addition on the permeability of Mn-Zn ferrites was studied. 600 ppm, 800 ppm and 1,000 ppm of MoO$_3$ were added to the main composition after calcination. Ferrite cores were sintered at 135$0^{\circ}C$ for 3hrs, followed by cooling according to the equilibrium oxygen concentration. The initial permeability was about 8,000 with heating rate 5$^{\circ}C$/min for 3hrs without MoO$_3$ addition. When 600 ppm and 800 ppm of MoO$_3$ were added, the initial permeabilities, 13,200 and 13,550 were obtained, respectively. However, the sample with 1,000 ppm MoO$_3$ showed lower permeabilities because of abnormal grain growth. At the heating rate 1$0^{\circ}C$/min, the ferrite cores with 1,000 ppm MoO$_3$ demonstrated the highest initial permeability greater than 15,000, without exaggerated grain growth.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-91
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• 2003

시험은 대조구 0%와 남은 음식물에 Protein의 요구량 수준을 각각 높인 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 대조구에 녹차 부산물(GTB) 첨가구 1.0%, 남은 음식물 30% + 녹차 부산물 (GTB) 1.0%로 총 7처리 4반복으로 하였으며, 반복당 6수씩 개체별로 사양 실험을 실시하고, 산란율, 난중, 난각두께, 난황색, Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) 및 관능검사 등을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 산란율은 남은 음식물 10%, 20% 및 40% 첨가구에서 각각 82.65%, 81.54% 및 82.27%로 높게 나타났으나 남은 음식물 30%첨가구는 75.34%로 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (P<0.05). 대조구가 72.87%가 가장 낮게 나타났으며 (P<0.05), 주령별로는 주령이 증가할수록 산란율이 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 난중은 전 처리구중 가장 높은 경향을 보인 것은 남은 음식물 30% + GTB 1%처리구가 63.78로 높은 경향을 보였다. 가장 낮은 난중은 남은 음식물 10%처리구가 60.02로 나타났다 (P<0.05). 3. 산란량은 전 처리구에서 남은 음식물 30% + GTB 1%가 52.53g으로 높게 나타났고, 가장 낮은 산란량을 보인 것은 대조구가 45.32g으로 가장 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (P<0.05). 4. 사료 요구율은 남은 음식물 20%첨가구가 2.86으로 높게 나타났으며, 낮은 요구율은 남은 음식물 10%첨가구가 2.47으로 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (P<0.05). 전 처리구간에서 사료 요구율은 주령이 증가할수록 요구율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 5. 콜레스테롤은 대조구 + GTB 1.0%첨가구가 13.923으로 높게 나타났다. 가장 낮은 콜레스테롤은 남은 음식물 40%처리구가 12.003으로 낮게 나타났다. 남은 음식물을 첨가한 처리구가 난황 내 콜레스테롤 함량이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 남은 음식물 30%첨가구가 12.835로 높은 수치를 보였으며 통계적 유의차는 나타나지 않았다 (P>0.05). 6. TBA가 가장 높은 처리구간은 1주에는 남은 음식물 40%첨가구가 3.205로 높게 나타났으며 2주에는 남은 음식물30%첨가구가 3.275로 높게 나타났다. 마지막 주에는 3.947로 높게 나타났다. 이 결과로 볼 때 남은 음식물을 첨가한 처리구가 대체적으로 산패도가 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였으며 통계적 유의차는 나타나지 않았다 (P>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2007

In this study, we prepared curdlan composite films and determined their properties in order to select the most appropriate setting methods, moisture barrier materials, and viscoelasticity enhancing materials. High set curdlan films with polyethylene glycol (PEG) showed higher tensile strength and moisture barrier properties than low set films. Films with oleic acid as a moisture barrier material had greater tensile strength, elongation and moisture barrier properties than films with acetylated monoglyceride (AMG). Lastly, films using polyisobutylene (PIB) as a viscoelasticity enhancing material showed higher elongation than films with polybutene (PB).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 1993

Using the new type auxiliary(K-1), dyeing experiment was done at the various dyeing conditions and the effects of auxiliary on the dyeing properties of metal complex dye for the silk fiber were dicussed. The exhaust rate was higher in the auxiliary 3% o.w.f. addition than sodium sulfate 50% o.w.f. The decreasing ratio of exhaust rate according to dye concentration increasing was lower at auxiliary addition than auxiliary non-addition. The exhaust rate according to increasing dyeing temperature was higher in the auxiliary addition than non-addition.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of amino acid supplementation of oocyte maturation medium on 1st polar body(PB) extrusion, embryo development and blastocsyt cell number. In experiment 1, Cumulus oocyte complexes(COCs) were matured in in vitro maturation(IVM) medium supplemented with 1, 2, or 4-fold of 10 $\mu$l/ml MEM non-essential amino acid(NEAA) and 20 Park, $\mu$ l/ml BME essential amino acid(EAA). The PB extrusion rate of oocytes matured in 1-fold amino acid group was significantly higher than that matured in medium without amino acid (p＜0.05), but it was decreased by the increase of the dosage of amino acid. There were no difference in the percentage of embryos reaching 2-cell, 8-cell and blastocyst in all treatments. The number of trophectoderm(TE) cells and total cell number of blastocysts were highest in 2-fold amino acid group, and the number of inner cell mass(ICM) cells was increased by the increase of the dosage of amino acid. In experiment 2, COCs were matured in IVM medium with 1, 5, or 10 mg/ml lactalbumin hydrolysate(LAH). The PB extrusion rate of oocytes matured in medium with 5 mg LAH was significantly higher than that matured in medium with 1 mg LAH (p＜0.05). The development rate to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher in non-supplement and 1 mg LAH group than in 5 mg and 10 mg LAH group (p＜0.05). The number of TE cells and total cell number did not differ among treatment groups, but the number of ICM cells was increased by the increase of LAH supplement. These results suggested that the supplement of certain group of amino acid in IVM medium effective on the quality of blastocyst, and further studies will be accompany with the search of new sources of amino acid used for the use of in vitro embryo production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2003

다품종 소량 생산에 적합하고 소비자들에게 신선한 제품을 제공할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 노동력을 절감할 수 있는 등 여러 가지 이점으로 인해 냉동 반죽의 사용이 증가되고 있다. 하지만 냉동 중에 효모와 글루텐이 손상되어 냉동 반죽으로 제조한 빵은 부피가 작고 노화가 빠르게 진행되는 단점을 보인다. 따라서 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위한 다양한 방법이 요구되며 그 중 하나로 보수성과 빙결정 생성 억제능력을 가지는 다당류와 단백질을 첨가하여 그 효과를 살펴보고자 한다. 사용된 첨가물은 다당류로 carrageenan(C)과 sodium alginate(A), 단백질로 whey(W)와 casein(C)이었는데 다당류와 단백질을 각각 1:1로 혼합해서 첨가하였다. 정해진 배합비 대로 반죽을 하고 급속 동결시킨 후 일주일 동안 저장하면서 5차례 냉동-해동을 반복한 반죽을 시료로 사용하였다. 냉동 반죽을 해동시킨 후 발효정도를 측정하기 위해 발효팽창력을 측정하였다. 냉동 반죽으로 식빵을 제조하고 빵의 비용적, 색도를 측정하였고 관능적 특성으로 crumb부분의 색, 대칭성, 균일성, crust의 색, 터짐성을 측정하고 맛, 향, 조직감, 전반적 기호도를 측정하여 냉동 반죽의 제빵 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 3일간 냉장저장하면서 texture와 수분함량을 측정하여 시료에 따른 노화도를 측정하였다. 냉동생지의 발효팽창력에서 WK 첨가구가 23.5, WA 첨가구가 24.75로 CK, CA 첨가구에 비해 3∼4정도 큰 값을 보였으며, 모든 첨가구가 대조구 18.5보다 큰 발효력을 보였다. 식빵의 비용적은 WK 첨가구 3.539, WA 첨가구 3.506, CA 첨가구 3.377, CK 첨가구 3.247, 대조구 3.064 순으로 큰 값을 보였는데 비용적은 발효력과 정의 관계를 보임을 알 수 있었다. 제조당일과 냉장고에 3일간 저장한 빵의 수분함량, 경도를 비교해 보면 수분함량 의 경우, 대조구가 43.63%에서 42.31%로 1.32% 줄어 가장 큰 감소율을 보였으면 CK 첨가구가 45.12% 에서 44.30%로 0.815% 줄어 가장 작은 감소율을 보였다. 그 외 첨가구의 경우 변화율은 1.26∼l.3%로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 대체적으로 수분함량의 감소가 대조구보다 첨가구에서 작은 것은 첨가제의 보수성에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다. 경도의 경우, CK 첨가구가 0.244kg에서 0.558kg로 0.334 kg증가하였으며 대조구는 0.212kg에서 0.530kg으로 0.318kg증가하여 다른 첨가구에 비해 높은 경도를 나타내었다. CK 첨가구의 경우, 저장 중 수분함량의 감소율이 가장 작은 것과 달리 경도에 있어서 가장 큰 값과 증가 경향을 나타냈는데 이는 CK 첨가구의 빵이 다른 첨가구의 빵의 비용적보다 작은 것과 관련이 있다고 판단된다. 빵 내부의 색도를 측정했을 때 명도 L값은 CA 첨가구가 76.162로 가장 컸고 WA 첨가구가 12.822로 가장 작은 값을 나타냈으며 다른 첨가구와 대조구의 L값은 73∼74의 범위로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 적색도 a값과 황색도 b값에서 모든 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 낮은 값을 보였다. 색도의 결과와 관능적 특성 중 내부 색의 선호도를 비교해 보면 큰 차이는 없지만 대조구보다 높은 명도값과 낮은 적·황색도값을 가지는 첨가구의 선호도가조금 높음이 확인되었다. 그 외 관능적 특성들에서도 대조구와 첨가구의 빵의 선호도 차이는 크게 군별되지 않았다. 결론적으로 실험에 사용된 첨가제는 냉동변성을 억제시켜 반죽의 발효력과 빵의 비용적을 높이고 또한 노화도를 늦추는등 냉동반죽의 제빵성을 높이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2003

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing earthworm meal on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of feed in broiler chicks. A total of 120 broiler chicks at 7 days of age were fed the experimental diets containing 0％(Control), 0.2％ and 0.4％ of earthworm meal for 6 weeks. When fed on both starter and finisher diets, the body weight gain and amount of feed intake were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the chicks fed 0.4％ of earthworm meal than those fed 0％ and 0.2％ of earthworm meal. There were no significantly differences in feed. conversion ratio and mortality among the treatments. When fed on both starter and finisher diets, digestibility of dry matter of feed was not affected by the dietary treatment, but crude fat and crude ash digestibilities of feed were tend to increased in chicks fed earthworm meal Digestibility of crude protein of feed in chicks fed 0.4％ of earthworm meal was significantly(P<0.05) improved as compared with those in 0.2％ or control group. These results indicated that the dietary supplementations of 0.4％ earthworm meal were effective in improve digestibility of crude protein of diet resulted improved broiler performance if.. broiler chicks.