• Solar Energy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.94-106
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• 1992

The optimum water temperature was maintained for Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(CANTOR) in winter season by solar thermal heating. The optimum temperature ranges for the Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(CANTOR) were experimentally estimated, i.e. for the body length $7{\sim}9cm$ and body weight $4{\sim}6g$, the optimum temperature range was $21{\sim}23^{\circ}C$. For the body length $9{\sim}11cm$ and body weight $6{\sim}8g$, it was $23{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, And for the body length $11{\sim}13cm$ and body weight $8{\sim}10g$, it was $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$. The Misgurnus anguillicaudaus(CATOR) with the body weight $5{\sim}10g$ and body length $8{\sim}15cm$ grew relativeiy fast but the bigger ones with body weight above 15g, grew relatively slow and total average weight increment was about $50{\sim}80g$ per month.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1992

Acicular ${\gamma}-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ particles were heated at $90^{\circ}C$ in alkaline solution containing mixed solution of dyadic metal with $Co^{+2}/Fe^{+2}$ ratio of 0.5. When cobalt content was increased, the coercivity of resultant product increased linearly, and surface area decreased. The cobalt ferrite was grown epitaxially on the surface ${\gamma}-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ crystal, and the increase of coercivity was attributed to the crystalline magnetic anisotropy of the cobalt ferrite which is conform to coating layer. We can expect superior magnetic properties above normal ratio of 2. The progress of reaction has an effect on coercivity of cobalt ferrite epitaxial iron oxide. The stability of temperature and the change om standin& of $Co-{\gamma}-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ was largely influenced by the composition of coating layer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1174-1179
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• 2006

In order to study auricular acupuncture and treadmill exercise involved in high fat diet-induced obesity rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into five group. Group I : Normal diet-induced group, Group II : high fat diet-induced group, Group III: high fat diet-induced group and auricular acupuncture, Group IV : high fat diet-induced group and treadmill exercise, Group V : high fat diet-induced group and auricular acupuncture and treadmill exercise. In each group, body weight, serum lipid, histologic obserations, and fat tissue were observed and analyzed. The following results were obtained. Body weights were significantly increase in group II than group I. The level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and TG were significantly lower in experimental groups than group I. Only auricular acupuncture was tended to body weight change but not significantly different between experimental group. The above result suggest that auricular acupuncture and treadmill exercise effectively repressed in obesity. It would be considered that auricular acupuncture and treadmill exercise have an effects on relieving obesity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.638-646
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• 2014

The effect of in-organic chelating agents with Fe(II) and Fe(III) in modified Fenton was evaluated to degradation BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene). Citric acid and pyrophosphate were used in experimentals and an optimum chelating agent for BTEX degradation was determined. In $H_2O_2$/Fe(III)/citric acid, degradation of BTEX was decreased when concentration of citric acid was increased. In $H_2O_2$/Fe(III)/pyrophosphate, degradation of BTEX was increased when concentration of pyrophosphate was increased and degradation for BTEX was relatively high compared with $H_2O_2$/Fe(III)/citric acid. In $H_2O_2$/Fe(II)/chelating agents, degradation for BTEX was high and pH variation was minimized when molar ratio of Fe(II) and citric acid was 1:1. Optimum molar concentration of Fe(II), citric acid and $H_2O_2$ were 7 mM, 7mM and 500 mM for degradation of 100 mg/L of benzene to obtain best efficiency of $H_2O_2$, least precipitation of iron and best degradation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.992-1000
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• 1997

Background : Since up to 90% of a theophylline dose is biotransformed, probably by interaction with one or more the variants of the cytochrome P-450 drug metabolism system, anti-tuberculosis agents including drugs influencing microsomal enzyme systems, such as isoniazid and rifampicin. may be affect the elimination of theophylline. Method : The effect of combination therapy with isoniazid(INH), rifampicin(RFP), ethambutol(EMB) and pyrazinamide(PZA) on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline was evaluated by a computer program using Bayesian method. Three group were divided as follows. Group I is control, Group II is treated with INH. RFP, EMB and PZA and Group III is treated with INH, RFP and EMB. All of them were ilon-smoker who were normal in liver and renal functions, and not administered drugs affecting on the clearance of theophylline with exception of anti-tuberculous agents. Results : When it compared control with test groups, the clearance of theophylline in Group II and Group III was significantly decreased(p<0.001), and half life in Group II and Group III showed significant elevation(p<0.001). However there were no significant differences in clearance and half life between the Group II and Group III. Conclusion : These results suggest that theophylline dose may be need of readjustment in concurrent medication of anti-tuberculous agents including INH, RFP, and EMB.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

Objectives : The current study was conducted in order to investigate teachers' recognition of school bullying using a nationwide database of adolescents in middle and high school in Korea. Methods : Students in the 7th to 12th grades at 23 secondary schools participated in the current study during the fall of 2009. Subjects completed the self-report form of the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-II (AMPQ-II) and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R). In addition, relevant teachers used the teachers' rating scale of the AMPQ-II to report their students' status. Differences in the number of bullied students between teachers' recognition and students' report were explored. Results : A total of 2270 subjects provided relevant responses to the questionnaire. While the one-month prevalence of victimization according to students' self-reports was 28.9%, the recognized prevalence by teachers was only 10.6%. For prediction of the presence of school bullying according to students' self reports on the AMPQ-II, item 7 of the teachers' report on the AMPQ-II showed a sensitivity of 16%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictability of 44%, a negative predictability of 72%, a false positive rate of 8%, a false negative rate of 84%, and an accuracy of 69%, respectively. No significant differences in subscores of students' self reports of the AMPQ-II and SCL-90-R were observed between bullied students who were recognized by teachers and those who were not recognized. In stepwise discriminant analysis, classification of teachers' item 2 and item 7 on the AMPQ-II with respect to school bullying according to students' reports showed an accuracy of 63.4%. Using this model, 75.2% of non-victimized subjects were classified correctly, while only 35.2% of victimized subjects were classified correctly. Conclusion : Despite the high prevalence in Korea, teachers' recognition of school violence among their students remains low. Pre-professional and continuing education to improve teachers' understanding of school bullying and knowledge of effective classroom-based prevention activities should be encouraged.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1B
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• pp.97-103
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• 2009

The decompostion characteristics of NAPL TCE in cement/slag/Fe(II) system were studied with various TCE concentration and amounts of binders (cement/slag) For analyses of the TCE degradation by cement/slag/Fe(II), TCE solution injected using gas-tight syringe after TCE solution dissolved a methanol. Initial concentrations of TCE are 0.42 mM, NAPL condition 11.7 mM and saturated condition 16.8 mM respectively. The result showed that the cases of 8.4 mM and 4.2 mM are decreased 88% of total TCE concentration within 18 days. NAPL condition 11.7 mM was decreased 84% within 50 days and saturated condition 16.8 mM was decreased 60% of total TCE concentration within 60 days respectively. This showed that degradations of TCE in various concentrations were in one kind reaction as pseudo-first-order. TCE was dissolved as aqueous solution before degraded. The reaction rate was increased $0.12day^{-1}$, $0.24day^{-1}$, $0.31day^{-1}$ when the mass of media 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 S/L rate was increased. TCE reaction speed is affected by cement/slag surface ares in this system. When HDTMA, experimental facter, was added, TCE decomposition rate was high despite the high concentration of NAPL. and The decompostion characteristics of NAPL TCE in cement/slag/Fe(II) system were studied by using modeling.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.74-88
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• 2002

Objectives : This study is aimed to investigate the effects of bee venom and melittin on cell death in synovial cell line. Methods : It was evaluated by using MTT assay, morphologic method, DNA fragmenation, NO generation, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry analysis, RT-PCR, Western blot. Results : The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The MTT assay demonstrated that synovial cell viability was significantly inhibitted dose-dependently by treatment with bee venom and melittin in comparison with control. 2. The morphologic study demonstrated that synovial cell showed apoptosis after treatment with bee venom and melittin for 6 hours using microscope. 3. In case of NO generation bee venom group and melittin group showed significant inhibition in comparison with control. 4. The Flow cytometry demonstrated that apoptosis of synovial cell treated with bee venom and melittin was related with stop of cell cycle in stage of $G_0/G_1$. 5. DNA fragmenation demonstrated that synovial cell treated with bee venom and melittin showed DNA ladder below l Kbp. 6. Immunocytochemistry assay demonstrated that COX-II and PLA2 were strongly down-regulated by treatment with bee venom and melittin whereas iNOS was almostly not expressed by bee venom treatment and slightly expressed by melittin treatment. 7. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that iNOS were strongly down-regulated by treatment with bee venom and melittin whereas COX-II was almostly not expressed by bee venom treatment and slightly expressed by melittin treatment. 8. Western blot demonstrated that iNOS were strongly down-regulated by treatment with $15{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom whereas COX-II was strongly down-regulated from $5{\mu}g/ml$ bee venom. Conclusions : These results suggest that bee venom and melittin have significant effect on cell death in synovial cell line and further study is needed in vivo.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.172-184
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• 1999

The present study was performed to identify morphologic sub-groupings in Korean children with Class I malocclusions, and to find out anatomic differences between the sub-groups. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of 152 Korean children, aged between 6 and 12 years, with Class I malocclusions were analyzed by the Counterpart Analysis. A statistical method, Ward's Minimum Variance Cluster Analysis, was employed to divide the sample into sub-groups those with similar morphologic characteristics. The results were as follows; 1. There appeared two facial types, Type I and Type II, in Korean children with Class I malocclusions, 48.7% and 51.3%, respectively. 2. In both sub-groups, there existed strong Class III skeletal patterns due to a counterclockwise rotation of the Middle Cranial Fossa alignment, and strong Class II skeletal patterns due to the long Posterior Maxillary vertical dimension and a clockwise rotation of the Ramus alignment. 3. There were no significant differences in Upper Anterior Facial Height between Type I and Type II, $52.6{\pm}2.92mm\;and\;52.8{\pm}3.23mm$, respectively. 4. The Lower Anterior Facial Height in Type II was longer ($66.0{\pm}4.03mm$) due to the long Posterior Maxillary vertical dimension, the clockwise rotation of the Ramus alignment, and a clockwise rotation of the Mandibular plane alignment than that of Type I ($64.2{\pm}4.15mm$).

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.17-35
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• 2001

In this study, we conducted a combined adsorption-sequential extraction analysis(CASA) to investigate temperature effects of single adsorption of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium on natural clays. As a result, it was found that in a single adsorption of lead and copper, about 50% of adsorption was occluded in carbonate phase, and in case of cadmium, about 80% of adsorption was occluded in exchangeable phase. At temperature below $25^{\circ}C$ about 60% of zinc was occluded in exchangeable phase but above $40^{\circ}C$ about 50% of zinc was occluded in carbonate phase. The effect of temperature on each occluded phase was largely observed in Fe-oxide, Mn-oxide and organic occluded phases. Besides, the adsorption of metals on natural clays was an endothermic reaction with the exception of exchangeable phase adsorption.