• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.339-345
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• 2014

This study analyzes and compares Hanji made with loess to Hanji made with kaolin, two yellow-based inorganic pigments, in terms of its physical properties, optical properties, and color fastness to light with the aim of using it as a fashion material. Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments showed an approximately 20% retention ratio on average. This figure was similar to those of loess and kaolin. Physical properties were analyzed, with the following results. A higher amount of additives lowered the apparent density and increased thickness and bulk. In general, inorganic pigment-added Hanji had lower tensile strength, bursting strength, and folding endurance compared to non-additive Hanji. The analysis of optical properties showed a lower brightness index for Hanji made with inorganic pigments compared to non-additive Hanji. When comparing the two inorganic pigments, the brightness of Hanji made with kaolin was higher. Regarding color fastness to light, loess showed level 4 and kaolin showed level 5 when 25% inorganic pigments on pulp were added to Hanji. Thus, Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments during the manufacturing process may perform well as materials for fashion because the additives enhanced both the color fastness to light and the bulk while maintaining the strength. In addition, Hanji dyed with inorganic pigments may have the potential to serve as materials for the fashion industry while still retaining the characteristics of Hanji.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.403-416
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• 2016

Mineral composition and content of 22 Korean Dancheong pigment products were obtained by Rietveld quantitative analysis. Jubosa, Hwang, Seokrok, Seokcheong and Hobun consist of pure cinnabar, orpiment, malachite, azurite and calcite (or aragonite), respectively. Whereas Seokganju, Hwangto, Noerok, Lapis lazuli, Baekto and Cockie hobun mainly consist of hematite, goethite, celadonite, lazurite, kaolin mineral and portlandite, respectively. And they all consist of soil minerals (quartz, feldspar, sericite and vermiculite) and filler minerals in the industry field (calcite, gypsum and anhydrite) at a different content. Quantitative XRD proved more useful method to determined exact mineral composition and content than chemical or microscopical data. If this method utilize for specification of natural pigment product, it is considered to be applicable in restoration technology and conservation science field.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.429-441
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyse the properties of Seokrok and Noerok that are used for restoration of heritage and arts. Malachite is main constituent mineral for Seokrok and Celadonite is Main component of Noerok. To evaluate the physical properties of pigment, A,B-class Seokrok and heated Seokrok that are sold in market were selected. To compare this results, Noerok sold in Japan were studied. In addition, we studied the pigments of Noerok. The heat treatment had no significant effect on the physical properties, except for the color-difference. The color-difference of Seokrok is larger than that of the Noerok sold in Japan. The $a^*$ values of Seokrok specimens are horizontal distribution, so it will expand the coloring ranges. The properties that are chromaticity, specific gravity and oil-absorption of Noerok are different from Seokrok. Noerok is suggested that achromatic color because the values of $a^*$ located near zero. Specific gravity of Noerok is smaller than Seokrok, but oil-absorption is larger twice. Noerok and Amnok, although ingredients are different, it is possible to use alternative because of similar physical characteristics. The result from this study expects to be used as useful referencing data for conservation and restoration of cultural heritage and understanding phenomena of the properties.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.64-87
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• 2020

Copper trihydroxychloride (atacamite, botallackite, paratacamite, etc.), the first green pigment used in Mogao Grotto's mural paintings of China, has been known as "copper green", "green salt", and "salt green", etc. and has been used as an important green pigment with malachite. At first, the natural mineral atacamite was employed, but after the Five Dynasties (907~960 CE), synthetic copper trihydroxychloride was primarily used. In Chinese literature, copper green, green salt, and salt green are recorded as being made via reaction with copper powder, Gwangmyeongyeom (natural sodium chloride), and Yosa (natural ammonium chloride), and the prepared material was analyzed to be copper trihydroxychloride. Copper trihydroxychloride pigment was not found in paintings prior to the Joseon Dynasty (1392~1910 CE) in Korea. In analysis of the green pigments used in paintings and the architectural paintworks in the Joseon Dynasty, copper trihydroxychloride was also shown to have been used as an important green pigment with malachite (Seokrok). In particular, the proportion of copper trihydroxychloride use was high in Buddhist paintings, shamanic paintings, and dancheongs (decorative coloring on wooden buildings). Some of these turned out to be synthetic copper trihydroxychloride, but it is unclear whether the rest of them are synthetic or natural pigments due to a lack of analyzed data. From literature and painting analyses, the pigment name of copper trihydroxychloride in the Joseon Dynasty turns out to be Hayeob, a dark green pigment. It is believed to have first been prepared by learning from China in the early Joseon period (early 15^th century) and its use continued until the late 19^th century with imported Chinese pigment. Round or oval particles with a dark core of copper trihydroxychloride which were used in Chinese literature were similar to the synthetic copper trihydroxychloride pigments used in the Joseon Dynasty and Chinese paintings. Therefore, the synthetic copper trihydroxychloride pigments of Korea and China are believed to have been prepared in a similar way.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 3D 게임이나 가상현실, 인터렉티브 아트 등의 실시간 환경의 컨텐츠 제작에 활용가능한 수묵담채화풍의 렌더링 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 기존의 3차원 수묵화 렌더링 연구에서는 다루지 않았던, 색채표현법과 그 합성법을 중심으로 연구되었다. 색채표현법의 경우, 일반적으로 삼색을 단계적으로 겹쳐서 표현하는 수묵담채화의 특성에 따라, 실제 그림을 그릴 때에 적용되는 삼색의 혼합방법과 순서가 자동으로 적용될 수 있는 삼색기반 구조를 통해 농담과 질감효과를 표현했으며, 또한 이러한 삼색레이어의 합성을 위해서는 안료의 광학적 성질을 반영하여 실제 회화매체에 가까운 색상을 재현할 수 있는 Kubelka-Munk(KM)모델을 적용한다. 기존의 KM모델은 비사실적 렌더링 연구 분야에서 수채화, 유화 등 서양화를 대상으로 한 색채 합성에 적용되어 왔기 때문에 기존의 연구에서 제시한 방법만으로는 삼색레이어가 겹쳐질 때 나타나는 수묵담채화의 특징과 천연 재료를 사용하는 동양 안료의 색상을 정확히 반영할 수 없었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 실제 수묵담채화에 이용되는 전통안료의 색상 분석을 통해 KM모델에 적용할 파라미터들을 추출하고, 앞에서 설계한 삼색 기반 구조에 따라 색상을 합성하는 방법을 제시한다.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.361-376
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• 2020

Atacamite and Verdigris were studied material scientific properties and durability that are used for traditional green pigment in traditional art painting work and Dancheong. As a result of ingrediant analysis, K-AA and K-VA identified Atacamite and Hoganite (or Verdigris) respectively. In order to find a factor of depressing the stability of pigment, we examined UV radiant exposure test, CO2/NO2 gas corrosion test and salt spray test. Salt spray test damaged both samples which were formed salt particle on the surface of the samples and it makes color disability. Furthermore, the results of gas corrosion test that both pigments change color enough to be perceived by the naked eyes showed that an air pollutant NO2 gas is also considered to be a major damage factor. In the case of K-VA, Hoganite that is main component of sample changes Tenorite with turn black after accelerated UV radiant exposure test. The consequences of the atmospheric environment effect test of the two pigments, K-VA showed relatetively weaker than K-AA.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

This study is intended to analyze the impact of PMMA on color changes comparatively by making 2 types of cheek color items with red-color pigments: one containing PMMA, which is one of the recently developed circular polymers and used when producing color make-up items that have aero powder as the chief ingredient, and the other without it. To accomplish the purpose, we have reviewed literature on raw materials that have aero powder as the chief ingredient. Also, after making compounds of PMMA and pigments lot aero powder, such as Talc, Mica, OMC Talc As, Mica As, we examined them compared to those without PMMA using spectrophotometer, a questionnaire survey, and Digital camera. Besides, the particles were analyzed using SEM. As a result of the analysis, cosmetics containing PMMA represent more vivid and rich colors, putting on one's face softly. Since the entire specific surface area of PMMA is large enough to absorb oil evenly, it yields vivid and rich colors. But, Mica, one of natural pigments, shows a result as opposed to that of Mica As, one of silicon-compounded pigments, suggesting that pearl effect may possibly causes defused reflection. Based on these findings, it is expected that cosmetics will have more vivid colors, or improved color presentation, as well as the softer sense of touch when a circular polymer of PMMa is added to the manufacturing process of color make-up items.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.427-433
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• 2020

Based on the natural colors and techniques of Korean traditional Dancheong, the image from splendor and magnificence is used as a jewel in making ornaments by subjective interpretation of the researcher. The purpose of this paper is to propose the possibility of using as a jewelry design by combining the possibilities of various color expressions, the combination of solidity and luster synthetic resin by utilizing natural pigments and mono images used in Korean traditional monophonic. In this study, this study presented the possibility of accessing in the life of a modern person pursuing a lifestyle by introducing a mono image into jewelry design, and at the same time, approaching ornaments by using traditional materials of the past, modern materials, and digital production methods. We are looking for a wide variety of jewelry designs to be utilized.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2008

Pearlescent pigments have been widely used in cosmetic applications. Up to date; the most widely used pearl effect pigment is the mica-based pigment, which uses natural mica as the substrate that is in turn coated with metal of oxide interference layer. However, when natural mica is employed as a base material the final product often has a yellowish color, mainly due to the fact that natural mica contains low levels of iron as an impurity[1,2]. This study was focused on developing a pearl pigment which might have a similar sparkling effect as snow. This effect was found to be due to its structure and purity, and this concept was also applied to development of our pearl pigments. More specifically, this invented pearl effect pigments are the mixture of glass-flake and glass-flake coated metal oxides and present the optical properties of snow matrix such as refractive index and particle size, unlike only the glass-flake or glass-flake coated metal oxides to be applied in. Using base material having similar physical properties (refractive index and particle size) as snow matrix as platelet for pearl effect pigments, these invented pigments present a three-dimensional glittering effect of the snow matrix. With this invented figments an applied; we achieved the beauty of snow crystal from makeup products containing these pigments.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

Lip make-up products can be easily taken into body with food. For this reason, those products are requires to meet lots of qualifications compared with other cosmetic products. In addition, concerns about safety on synthesized tar pigments is constantly issued. Thus, demand of natural pigments is gradually increased and many kinds of natural pigments have been developed. However, there are some problems when natural pigments are applied to cometic products instead of synthetic ones. There is a reason that most of natural pigments consist of hydrophilic materials of sort of anthocyanin, but the existing lip make-up products is anhydrous oil dispersion type without water consisting oil and wax. Therefore, when watersoluble natural pigments are applied to anhydrous lip make-up products, color expression is lower and phase separation occurs due to the instability of the product. In addition, natural pigments have disadvantages that they can easily change by pH, heat and sunlight. There are troubles of stability because it is not easy to adjust for these factors in case of anhydrous forms. Aim of study is to develop lip make-up products which have not only safe to human but being high in expression of color by using natural pigments and securing stability of colorant as natural pigments are offered to polyol in oil emulsion. Then, lip make-up products which have heavy moisture while having not dryness that is created when the moisture evaporates are developed.