• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.498-498
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• 2022

통합물관리를 위한 농촌용수 이 치수 관련 거버넌스를 체계화하고 기반을 마련하고자 지역 내 거버넌스 및 통합물관리에 대한 사례조사, 의견 수렴, 토론 및 소통 등의 과정을 거쳐 사회적으로 수용성이 높은 '농촌용수 통합물관리 거버넌스의 운영 방안' 모델 개발을 중심으로 수행하였다. 우리나라의 물관련 거버넌스는 해당 유역과 단체의 물문제를 중심으로 활동하고 있으며, 국가적 차원의 통합물관리 체계에 발맞춰 나가기 위해서는 농업인 거버넌스 활성화가 필요하다. 또한 농업인 거버넌스는 농업용수 등 물관련 문제 해결에 적극 참여하여 협력과 소통을 기반으로 농업용수부문의 주도권을 확보하여야 할 것이다. 지역 물관리 현황 분석 및 현안 과제를 도출하기 위해 최근 농업용수와 관련한 민감한 이슈가 있는 금강유역 내 위치한 지구를 시범지구로 선정하였다. 논 시범지구는 현북 양수장으로 선정하였으며, 비교지구는 정암 양수장으로 선정하였다. 시범지구인 현북 양수장은 충남 부여군에 위치하고 있어 농업인 단체의 지역본부나 지회가 참여 할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 통합물관리를 위한 현장의 주체인 수감원과 시설관리기관인 한국농어촌공사 부여지사가 참여하도록 하였다. 농촌용수 통합물관리 거버넌스는 협의의 거버넌스와 광의의 거버넌스로 구분하였다. 협의의 거버넌스 구성은 해당지구의 농업인, 기초지방자치단체, 한국농어촌공사 지사 등으로 구성한다. 광의의 거버넌스 구성은 해당지구의 광역 및 기초지방자치단체, 한국농어촌공사 지사, 지역의 농업인 사회단체 등 10개 이내의 기관과 단체로 구성한다. 거버넌스의 주된 활동은 해당 지역·지구의 농업용수 관리 개선 및 농업인의 적극적 참여를 위한 광역지방자치단체, 기초지방자치단체 및 한국농어촌공사와의 소통과 협력, 갈등을 조정한다. 이와 더불어 농업용수관리 개선을 위한 정책개발, 기존 제도의 개선, 효율적인 물관리를 위한 실천사업 관련된 다양한 연구조사사업 수행, 지역 농업인 영농 활동의 질 향상을 위한 욕구 조사, 중복규제 등 현안 사안에 대한 법 및 정책 개선, 대안 발굴 등 정책과 제도운영 및 개선방안 연구·조사 사업에 전력투구하는 조직체로서 기능을 수행한다. 따라서, 농업인들이 자발적으로 국가적 차원에서 제시하는 농업용수 관련 정책을 따르기 위해 농촌용수 통합물관리 거버넌스를 통한 정책 제안이 반드시 필요하다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.689-699
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• 2022

The Ssangjeon tungsten deposit is located within the Yeongnam Massif. Within the area a number of hydrothermal quartz veins were formed by narrow open-space filling of parallel and subparallel fractures in the metasedimentary rocks as Wonnam formation, Buncheon granite gneiss, amphibolite and/or pegmatite. Mineral paragenesis can be divided into two stages (stage I, ore-bearing quartz vein; stage II, barren quartz vein) by major tectonic fracturing. Stage I, at which the precipitation of major ore minerals occurred, is further divided into three substages (early, middle and late) with paragenetic time based on minor fractures and discernible mineral assemblages: early, marked by deposition of arsenopyrite with pyrite; middle, characterized by introduction of wolframite and scheelite with Ti-Fe-bearing oxides and base-metal sulfides; late, marked by Bi-sulfides. Fluid inclusion data show that stage I ore mineralization was deposited between initial high temperatures (≥370℃) and later lower temperatures (≈170℃) from H₂O-CO₂-NaCl fluids with salinities between 18.5 to 0.2 equiv. wt. % NaCl of Ssangjeon hydrothermal system. The relationship between salinity and homogenization temperature indicates a complex history of boiling, fluid unmixing (CO₂ effervescence), cooling and dilution via influx of cooler, more dilute meteoric waters over the temperature range ≥370℃ to ≈170℃. Changes in stage I vein mineralogy reflect decreasing temperature and fugacity of sulfur by evolution of the Ssangjeon hydrothermal system with increasing paragenetic time.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5B
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• pp.429-439
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• 2009

When Catastrophic extreme flood occurs due to dam break, the response time for flood warning is much shorter than for natural floods. Numerical models can be powerful tools to predict behaviors in flood wave propagation and to provide the information about the flooded area, wave front arrival time and water depth and so on. But flood wave propagation due to dam break can be a process of difficult mathematical characterization since the flood wave includes discontinuous flow and dry bed propagation. Nevertheless, a lot of numerical models using finite volume method have been recently developed to simulate flood inundation due to dam break. As Finite volume methods are based on the integral form of the conservation equations, finite volume model can easily capture discontinuous flows and shock wave. In this study the numerical model using Riemann approximate solvers and finite volume method applied to the conservative form for two-dimensional shallow water equation was developed. The MUSCL scheme with surface gradient method for reconstruction of conservation variables in continuity and momentum equations is used in the predictor-corrector procedure and the scheme is second order accurate both in space and time. The developed finite volume model is applied to 2D partial dam break flows and dam break flows with triangular bump and validated by comparing numerical solution with laboratory measurements data and other researcher's data.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3B
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• pp.261-270
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• 2008

Even though there is a great deal of progress in a numerical method of high caliber like SPH, it is very rarely deployed in a water resources community. Despite the great stride in computing environment, depth averaged approach like a nonlinear shallow equation is still efficient tool for flood routing in large watershed, but it can give some misleading information like the inundation height of flood. In this rationale, we numerically simulate the flow into the dry channel, dry channel with an obstacle triggered by the collapse of a two dimensional water column using SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) in order to boost the application of numerical method of high caliber like SPH in a water resources community. As a most severe test of the robustness of SPH, we also carry out the simulation of the flow through a clearance into the wet channel driven by the rapid removal of a water gate. As a hydrodynamic model, we used the Navier-Stokes equation, a numerical integration of which was carried out using SPH. To verify the validity of newly proposed numerical model, we compare the numerically simulated flow with the others in the literature mainly from VOF and MAC, and hydraulic experiments by Martin and Moyce (1952), Koshizuka et al. (1995) and Janosi et al. (2004). It was shown that agreements between the numerical results in this study and hydraulic experiments are remarkable.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.125-133
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of Liriope platyphylla ethanol extract (LPEE) against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis and to validate its potential for the prevention and treatment of dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Methods : To verify the antibacterial effect of L. pulsatilla ethanolic extract (LPEE) against S. mutans and P. gingivalis, the disk diffusion method was used to determine the inhibition zones at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/㎖. To determine the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), the final dose of LPEE was .2, .4, .8, 1.6, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/㎖, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined based on the MIC results. To confirm the growth inhibitory effect of LPEE on both pathogens, the absorbance was measured at 600 nm after each incubation for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr at concentrations of .8, 1.6, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/㎖. Results : The cytotoxicity of LPEE was evaluated and the cell viability was more than 70 % at 400 mg/㎖. Therefore, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/㎖ were used in this study. The antimicrobial effect against S. mutans was seen at 100 mg/㎖ and grew in a concentration-dependent manner, while P. gingivalis was effective at 50 mg/㎖ with the dose dependency. The MIC was .8 mg/㎖ for both strains, and the MBC was 1.6 mg/㎖ with the same results. The growth inhibitory effect of LPEE on S. mutans and P. gingivalis was observed, even at low concentrations. Conclusion : The antibacterial effect of LPEE was evaluated through the analysis of MIC, MBC, and growth inhibition effect on S. mutans and P. gingivalis, which suggests LPEE might have the possibility of utilization as a preventive and therapeutic composition for oral diseases.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.129-164
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• 2023

In a situation where the use and introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs) is expanding due to recent developments in generative AI technology, it is difficult to find actual application cases or implementation methods for the use of internal company data in existing studies. Accordingly, this study presents a method of implementing generative AI services using the LLM application architecture using the most widely used LangChain framework. To this end, we reviewed various ways to overcome the problem of lack of information, focusing on the use of LLM, and presented specific solutions. To this end, we analyze methods of fine-tuning or direct use of document information and look in detail at the main steps of information storage and retrieval methods using the retrieval augmented generation (RAG) model to solve these problems. In particular, similar context recommendation and Question-Answering (QA) systems were utilized as a method to store and search information in a vector store using the RAG model. In addition, the specific operation method, major implementation steps and cases, including implementation source and user interface were presented to enhance understanding of generative AI technology. This has meaning and value in enabling LLM to be actively utilized in implementing services within companies.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.spc1
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 2023

Two-dimensional flow analysis, a fundamental component of hydrodynamics, plays a pivotal role in numerically simulating fluid behavior in rivers and waterways. This modeling approach heavily relies on parameters such as eddy viscosity and roughness coefficient to accurately represent flow characteristics. Therefore, combination of appropriate parameters is very important to accurately simulate flow characteristics. In this study, an automation algorithm was developed and applied to find the optimal combination of parameters. Previously, when applying a two-dimensional flow analysis model, former researchers usually depend on the empirical approach, which causes many difficulties in finding optimal variable values. Using the experimental data, we tracked errors according to the combination of various parameters and applied the algorithm that can determine the optimal combination of parameters with the Python language. The automation algorithm can easily determine the most accurate combination by comparing the flow velocity error values among the two-dimensional flow analysis results among the combinations of 121 (11×11) parameters. In the perspective of utilizing automation algorithm, there is an expected high utility in promptly and straightforwardly determining the optimal combination of parameters with the smallest error.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.433-443
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• 2024

This study investigated the effect of packaging method and root trimming on quality of green onions during storage. Two packaging methods (tied with string, S or packaged with film bag, FP) and two root trimming states (attaching the roots without trimming, AR or cutting the roots leaving about 5 mm, CR) were treated after harvest. Then, the green onions stored at 20℃ for 8 days and 1℃ for 6 weeks to investigate changes in quality. When stored at 20℃, the differences in marketability between S and FP were minimal, while when stored at 1℃, the marketability of the FP remained higher than that of S. The leaf color change in CR progressed faster than in the AR treatment group, leading to faster quality deterioration. The occurrence of weight loss, browning, and softening of stems progressed as the storage period elapsed. However, except weight loss, they were at a level that did not affect marketability within the marketability limit period determined by color change and wiltig of leaves. The allicin and quercetin contents of stems increased in the early stages when quality deteriorated after harvest but decreased as quality deterioration became more severe.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1974

This study was performed to find out the organic matter content, and what is more, the relation between its content and major morphological properties of cultivated upland soils in Korea. The results were as follows. 1. The average organic matter content of cultivated upland soils was 1.73 percent, mostly ranging from 0.6 to 2.5 percent. 2. Examining the organic matter content by subgroup of cultivated upland soils. It was found 13 percent in volcanic ash yellowish brown Cambisols and 6.3 percent in Humic yellowish brown Entisols, Fluventic yellowish brown Entisols was found 1.0 percent, lowest one. The average organic matter content of Entisols, Cambisols, and Argillisols was 1.1, 2.1, and 1.8 percent respectively. 3. According to organic matter content by texture of profile, the average content of sandy soils was 1.0 percent; 1.5 percent in coarse loamy soils; and 1.8 percent in fine loamy soils. The organic matter content increased with an increased clay content in coarse texture group, but there was no significant difference between fine loamy and clayey soil group. This tendency was also observed in surface soil texture. 4. In the relation between slope and organic matter content, its content in flat area was 1.3 percent that is rather low compared to 1.6 percent of sloping area. Especially, cultivated upland soils ranging brown 15 to 30 percent in slope were 1.8 percent which is relatively high. 5. The organic matter content have nothing to do with suitability groups. Itss ontent of I, II, III, IV and V class was 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 1.2 and 2.0 percent respectively.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.153-169
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• 2005

In this study, we analysed the state of the fisheries in Chungnam around 1910 from Hangook Susanji. As a result, there were about 30 ports in the west coast area in Chungnam, and we can classify their locations into 5 types Type I is located in small and mid sized rivers. Type II is located in a costal port. Type III is ports facing the open sea, and type IV is ports in a bay. Type V is ports on islands of coast. Species of fish are porges, mackerels, sting rays, croakers, hairtails, shrimps, etc. The base of fishing porge was Jukdo and Yeondo. The fishing banks of croakers are formed from Chilsantan, Jeonlado to the area of seashore, Chungnam. Hairtails were caught near all the areas of seashore. Salt manufacturing is done near all coasts of Chungnam, Seocheon-bay, Ungcheon-bay, Ocheon-bay, Anmyeon island, Taean, Dangjin area, etc represent this work. Especially, the salt which was produced in Taeangun was so famous that it was called ' Taeansalt'. In the Kum-river area there were 32 fishing villages. Freshwater fish were caught in the upper stream area and the mouth of Geumgang, down stream, was the center for producing Baengeo. There were 23 fishing villages, and the species consisted of croaker, hairtail, Forge, gray mullet, sting ray, sharks, anchovy, shrimps, etc in Biin-bay. The coast of Boryeong had about 33 fishing villages, but their fishing industry was not developed more than their good salt manufacturing. Though there are records that Chunsu-bay had 28 fishing villages, Taean peninsula and Garolim-bay had about 70 fishing villages, and Asan-bay area had about 55 fishing villages, they were developed a little, but not more than Weir fisheries or salt manufacture on the base of salt area and the tideland because these areas were just for farming. South of Anmyeon island of West coast island areas is the biggest area of Stow nets on stakes fishing and the island areas down mouth of Kum river were centers for producing porge.