• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.19.1-19.1
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• 2011

국가기상위성센터는 2013년 태양활동 극대기를 대비하고 천리안 위성의 안정적인 운영을 위하여 우주기상업무를 추진하고 있다. 2009년에 수행된 우주기상업무 기본계획 수립을 위한 기획연구를 시작으로, 2010년에는 국내 GNSS 자료를 준실시간으로 수집하여 총전자밀도(TEC)를 산출하는 시스템을 개발하였으며, 외국 우주기상 자료를 수집하여 태양 영상을 비롯한 우주환경인자를 실시간으로 제공하기 위한 우주기상 테스트베드를 시험운영하고 있다. 또한 대국민 우주기상 서비스를 위한 우주기상 예측모델 개발을 5개년에 걸쳐 단계적으로 진행하고 있다. 미국의 NOAA-SWPC, NASA-GSFC와 같은 우주기상 선진기관들과의 2013년 태양활동 극대기에 대비한 우주기상 감시, 예측모델 및 예보서비스에 대한 활발한 교류 협력을 통해 기상청의 우주기상예보 역량을 늘려나갈 계획이다.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.569-573
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• 2015

An algorithm to symmetric radius of $15ms^{-1}$ isotaches of tropical cyclones is suggested using infrared (IR) imagery of geostationary satellite. It is assumed that symmetric tangential winds outside the maximum winds exponentially decrease with the radial distances of the tropical cyclone, which has a clear eye-wall structure. Four parameters for estimation of the tropical cyclone size are center location, maximum sustained wind, radius of the maximum wind, and relaxation coefficient for the decreasing rate with distances of the tropical cyclone. The estimation results are limitedly verified as comparing to surface winds of polar orbiting satellite such as ASCAT data.

• Atmosphere
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.473-481
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• 2012

The objective methods estimating the radius of maximum wind (RMW) of tropical cyclones (TCs) are discussed using infraed (IR) imagery of geostationary satellite, and an alternative method is suggested that can estimate RMW in the TCs having eyes using IR imagery. The RMW-estimating methods are based on the characteristic structure of the eyewall of a tropical cyclone. RMW is dependent upon the radius of the eye and the distance from the center to the top of the most developed convective cloud. In order to test these methods, blackbody brightness temperature of Korean geostationary satellite, COMS (Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite) IR imagery are utilized in this study. The estimated RMWs are compared with surface winds of ASCAT (Advanced Scatterometer) of a polar orbiting satellite.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2014

We proposed and verified the methods to maintain data qualities as well as to reduce data volume for the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), the world's first ocean color sensor operated in geostationary orbit. For the GOCI level-2 data, 92.9% of data volume could be saved by only the data compression. For the GOCI level-1 data, however, just 20.7% of data volume could be saved by the data compression therefore another approach was required. First, we found the optimized number of bits per a pixel for the GOCI level-1 data from an idea that the quantization bit for the GOCI (i.e. 12 bit) was less than the number of bits per a pixel for the GOCI level-1 data (i.e. 32 bit). Experiments were conducted using the $R^2$ and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). It was quantitatively revealed that the data qualities were maintained although the number of bits per a pixel was reduced to 14. Also, we performed network simulations using the Network Simulator 2 (Ns2). The result showed that 57.7% of the end-toend delay for a GOCI level-1 data was saved when the number of bits per a pixel was reduced to 14 and 92.5% of the end-to-end delay for a GOCI level-2 data was saved when 92.9% of the data size was reduced due to the compression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.415-426
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• 2015

Solar radiation under a clear sky is a important factor in the process by which meteorological satellite images are converted into solar radiation maps, and the quality of estimations depends on the accuracy of clear sky models. Therefore, it is important to select models appropriate to the purpose of the study and the study area. In this instance, complex models were applied using Linke turbidity, including ESRA, Dumortier, and MODTRAN, in addition to simple models such as Bourges and PdBV, which consider only the solar elevation angles. The presence of cloud was identified using the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite and the Meteorological imager (COMS MI), and reference data were then selected. In order to calculate the accuracy of the clear sky models, the concepts of RMSE and MBE were applied. The results show that Bourges and PdBV produced low RMSE values, while PdBV had relatively steady RMSE values. Also, simple models tend to underestimate global solar irradiation during spring and early summer. Conversely, in the winter season, complex methods often overestimate irradiation. In future work, the cause of overestimation and other factors will be analyzed and the clear sky models will be adjusted in order to make them suitable for the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.48-71
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• 2024

Typhoons are representative oceanic and atmospheric phenomena that cause interactions within the Earth's system with diverse influences. In recent decades, the typhoons have tended to strengthen due to rapidly changing climate. The 2022 revised science curriculum emphasizes the importance of teaching-learning activities using advanced science and technology to cultivate digital literacy as a citizen of the future society. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the temporal and spatial limitations of textbook illustrations and to develop effective instructional materials using global-scale big data covered in the field of earth science. In this study, according to the procedure of the PDIE (Preparation, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model, the inquiry activity data was developed to visualize the track of the typhoon using the image data of GK-2A. In the preparatory stage, the 2015 and 2022 revised curriculum and the contents of the inquiry activities of the current textbooks were analyzed. In the development stage, inquiry activities were organized into a series of processes that can collect, process, visualize, and analyze observational data, and a GUI (Graphic User Interface)-based visualization program that can derive results with a simple operation was created. In the implementation and evaluation stage, classes were conducted with students, and classes using code and GUI programs were conducted respectively to compare the characteristics of each activity and confirm its applicability in the school field. The class materials presented in this study enable exploratory activities using actual observation data without professional programming knowledge which is expected to contribute to students' understanding and digital literacy in the field of earth science.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.5_1
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• pp.587-598
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• 2017

Volcanic ash is a fine particle smaller than 2 mm in diameters. It falls after the volcanic eruption and causes various damages to transportation, manufacturing industry and respiration of living things. Therefore diffusion information of volcanic ash is highly significant for preventing the damages from it. It is advantageous to utilize satellites for observing the widely diffusing volcanic ash. In this study volcanic ash diffusion information about two eruptions of Mt. Sakurajima were calculated using the geostationary satellite, Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) Meteorological Imager (MI) and polar-orbiting satellite, Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal InfraRed Sensor (TIRS). The direction and velocity of volcanic ash diffusion were analyzed by extracting the volcanic ash pixels from COMS-MI images and the height was retrieved by adjusting the shadow method to Landsat-8 images. In comparison between the results of this study and those of Volcanic Ash Advisories center (VAAC), the volcanic ash tend to diffuse the same direction in both case. However, the diffusion velocity was about four times slower than VAAC information. Moreover, VAAC only provide an ash height while our study produced a variety of height information with respect to ash diffusion. The reason for different results is measured location. In case of VAAC, they produced approximate ash information around volcano crater to rapid response, while we conducted an analysis of the ash diffusion whole area using ash observed images. It is important to measure ash diffusion when large-scale eruption occurs around the Korean peninsula. In this study, it can be used to produce various ash information about the ash diffusion area using different characteristics satellite images.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_2
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• pp.1269-1279
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• 2021

Geostationary Ocean Color Imager II (GOCI-II), which are now operated successfully since its launch in 2020, acquires local area images with 12 Level 1B slot images that are sequentially acquired in a 3×4 grid pattern. The boundary areas between the adjacent slots are prone to discontinuity in radiance, which becomes even more clear in the following Level 2 data, and this warrants the precise analysis and correction before the distribution. This study evaluates the relative radiometric biases between the adjacent slots images, by exploiting the overlapped areas across the images. Although it is ideal to derive the statistics from humongous images, this preliminary analysis uses just the scenes acquired at a specific time to understand its general behavior in terms of bias and variance in radiance. Level 1B images of February 21st, 2021 (UTC03 = noon in local time) were selected for the analysis based on the cloud cover, and the radiance statistics were calculated only with the ocean pixels. The results showed that the relative bias is 0~1% in all bands but Band 1 (380 nm), while Band 1 exhibited a larger bias (1~2%). Except for the Band 1 in slot pairs aligned North-South, biases in all direction and in all bands turned out to have biases in the opposite direction that the sun elevation would have caused.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.94.1-94.1
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• 2012

천리안위성은 우리나라 최초의 정지궤도복합위성(COMS: Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite)으로 2010년 6월 27일, 남미 기아나 쿠루기지에서 아리안-5 로켓에 의해 발사된 후 동경 128.2도, 적도 상공 약 35,800 km 고도의 정지궤도에 안착되었다. 이 후 궤도상시험 기간과 안정화 기간을 거쳐 2011년 4월 1일, 기상청은 위성자료 서비스를 시작하였다. 천리안위성의 기상영상기는 한반도 주변의 기상변화와 전 지구적 기후 변화 및 대기 운동을 감시하기 위해 실시간 관측 및 전송 시스템을 갖춘 탑재체이다. 이 기상영상기는 하루 8번의 지구 반면 영역과 각각 80번 내외의 북반구 및 한반도 영역을 관측하며, 이 자료는 지상에서 복사보정과 기하보정을 거친 후 위성을 통해 다시 사용자에게 배포된다. 천리안위성 기상영상기는 쉼 없이 관측하고, 일정 시간 이내에 그 자료를 배포해야 한다. 이러한 자료서비스는 운영시스템의 장애나 자연현상에 의한 자료 미수신 혹은 미처리가 발생할 경우 운영 결과 및 성과에 영향을 미친다. 이와 같은 장애에 대비해 국가기상위성센터는 이중화된 시스템을 구축했으며, 자료 백업 부기관으로서 한국항공우주연구원과의 사이트 이중화도 시행하고 있다. 그러나 정지궤도에 있는 위성과 태양 및 지구의 역학적인 관계에 따라 태양 전파 잡음의 영향인 태양간섭과, 위성 태양전지판 충전 장애를 일으킬 수 있는 위성식, 그리고 위성 자정 주변에 발생할 수 있는 태양광 침입 및 산란광 영향 등은 미리 예측되어야 하며, 이 시기 운영 방안 마련과 사용자 공지 등의 조치가 수반되어야 한다. 국가기상위성센터는 춘 추분 시기에 발생하는 이러한 태양 영향을 예측하고 검증했으며, 이 시기 위성 및 지상국의 효율적인 운영방안을 마련하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.226-226
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• 2016

최근 이상기상현상과 기후변화로 인하여 국지적인 집중호우의 빈도 및 규모가 증가하고 있으며, 이로 인한 돌발 홍수피해가 증가하고 있다. 이러한 홍수 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 정확도가 우수한 초단시간(1~2시간 이내) 예측 강우량 정보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 집중호우에 대한 초단시간예보 및 실황 예측을 위해 시공간적으로 고해상도 자료를 제공할 수 있는 기상레이더 강우자료와 위성영상 자료를 결합하여 초단기 강수 예측기법 개발 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 기상레이더 강우량은 지상강우관측에 비해 정확성이 낮고, 많은 불확실성을 포함하고 있으므로, 위성영상에서 산출되는 강우자료와 결합하여 강우추정의 정확도를 개선하고자 하였다. 레이더 볼륨자료에서 반사도 자료를 추출하여, 1.5km CAPPI(Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator) 자료를 생성하고, 반사도 CAPPI 자료의 패턴 상관분석을 통하여 강우시스템의 최적 이동벡터를 산출하였다. 또한 이동벡터를 고려하여 시공간적으로 외삽하여 강우이동 예측 모델을 개발하고, 초기자료로 레이더와 천리안 위성(Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite, COMS) 영상자료에서 생성되는 강우자료를 결합한 강수장 자료를 이용하여 강수 예측장을 생성하였다. 레이더-위성 결합 초단기 강우예측 모델의 정확성 검증을 위하여 2014년 8월 25일 부산 및 영남 지역에 발생한 집중호우 사례에 대하여 지상기상자동관측시스템(Automatic Weather System, AWS) 강우 측정 결과를 비교 분석 하였으며, 그 적용 가능성을 검증하였다. 초단기 강우예측 분석 결과 지상강우자료와의 오차가 발생하나, 추후 여러 통계적 후처리 과정을 통하여 그 성능이 개선될 것으로 보이며, 보다 정확한 강우량 예측을 위해서는 지속적인 알고리즘 개선 및 모형의 검 보정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.