• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.305-310
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• 2021

Grisel's syndrome is a non-traumatic subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint with an inflammatory condition in the adjacent soft tissues. Due to the instability of the cervical spine, careful airway management is crucial to prevent potential cervical spinal cord injury following airway manipulation. We successfully secured the patient airway using a supraglottic airway device (I-gel) in a patient who had previously diagnosed with Grisel's syndrome. The operation was successfully completed, and the patient recovered without any neurological complications. I-gel can be a good option for airway management during general anesthesia in a patient diagnosed with Grisel's syndrome.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task-oriented training with functional electrical stimulation on hand function in incomplete cervical cord injury. Method : The subjects of the study were 3 adults diagnosed as incomplete cervical cord injury. The design of this study was ABA single-subject research design to compare dominant hand function of before and after intervention and detect individual effects. The experiment consisted of 30sessions, in which baseline process A1 and A2 were implemented 5 sessions each for 10sessions. Intervention B was implemented 20 sessions. The dependent variable was converted to the change of hand function every session, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test(JTHFT), Wolf Motor Function Test(WMFT) were selected for outcome measurements. Result analysis was suggested through visual analysis using a graph and comparison of pre, post and follow-up intervention measurements. Results : As a result, the quality and quantity of dominant hand function increased during intervention B compared to the baseline A1 for all subjects. Baseline A2 was also maintained without training. Additionally, JTHFT, WMFT and COPM scores demonstrated improvement and maintain. The follow up JTHFT and WMFT showed increased required time on all subjects and decrease or maintain task performance and satisfaction in COPM. Conclusion : The task-oriented training with function electrical stimulation in this study has been positive effects on hand function and task performance and satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.171-179
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to generate cycling motion for FES (functional electrical stimulation) using knee muscles only. We investigated the possibility by simulation. The musculoskeletal model used in this simulation was simplified as 5-rigid links and 2 muscles (knee extensor and flexor). For the improvement of the present feedforward control in FES, we included feedback path in the control system. The control system was developed based on the biological neuronal system and was represented by three sub-systems. The first is a higher neuronal system that generates the motion command for each joint. The second is the lower neuronal system that divides the motion command to each muscle. And the third is a sensory feedback system corresponding to the somatic sensory system. Control system parameters were adjusted by a genetic algorithm (GA) based on the natural selection theory. GA searched the better parameters in terms of the cost function where the energy consumption, muscle force smoothness, and the cycling speed of each parameter set (individual) are evaluated. As a result, cycling was implemented using knee muscles only. The proposed control system based on the nervous system model worked well even with disturbances.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.6 s.171
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• pp.207-212
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• 2005

The purpose of this work is to develop the FES controller that can cope with the muscle fatigue which is one of the most important problems of current FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation). The feasibility of the proposed FES controller was evaluated by simulation. We used a fitness function to describe the effect of muscle fatigue and recovery process. The FES control system was developed based on the biological neuronal system. Specifically, we used PD (Proportional and Derivative) and GC (Gravity Compensation) control, which was described by the neuronal feedback structure. It was possible to control of multiple joints and muscles by using the phase-based PD and GC control method and the static optimization. As a result, the proposed FES control system could maintain the cycling motion in spite of the muscle fatigue. It is expected that the proposed FES controller will play an important role in the rehabilitation of SCI patient.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2022

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (INM) ensures the stability and safety of specific surgeries in high-risk groups. As part of INM, intensive tests are conducted during the surgical process. When INM tests are applied during surgery, a delay in notifying the operating surgeon in cases of neurological defects can cause serious irreversible sequelae to the patient. Aortic replacement, which is necessitated due to aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection, is a complicated procedure that blocks the blood flow to the heart. When arteries that branch out from the aorta and supply blood to the spinal cord are replaced, blood flow to the spinal cord decreases, resulting in spinal ischemia. In aortic surgery, INM plays an important role in preventing spinal ischemia and serious complications by quickly detecting the early signs of spinal ischemia during cross-clamping and reporting it to the surgeon. Therefore, this paper was prepared to help examiners who conduct INM by detailing the process, method, time, and warning criteria for INM. This paper identifies the need for INM in aortic surgery and the process flow for a smooth test, accurate and rapid examination, and subsequent reporting.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.860-865
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• 2010

This paper deals with gait assisting rehabilitation robot which helps SCI patient walk again. We propose new concept of orthotic for robot considering motions of Hip and Knee Joints, and how to fit the robot to a user in terms of weight balance and comfortable standing. Then we describe our first engineering sample being designed based on the passive orthotic and show how to make the robot work for SCI patient in basic operation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.273-278
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• 1992

With the medical progress that has given spinal cord injured(SCI) individuals greater longevity and better overall health, chronic pain is emerged as major challenge in treating this population. According to past reports, estimates of prevalance of severe/disabling chronic pain in SCI patients have ranged from 18% to 63%. In etiologies of chronic pain in SCI patients, psychic or psychogenic pain categories should be included and more recent data have demonstrated that the persistant pain is directly related to higher levels of psychosocial distress and impairment. Recently, neurophysiological classification of the SCI pain syndrome into three etiologic groups(a; mechanical pain, b; radicular pain, c; deafferentation pain) is more frequently adopted for the classification of chronic SCI pain syndrome. The deafferentation pain is most common of the pain syndromes associated with SCI. After cervical epidural anesthesia for the surgical intervention of decubitus ulcer on the hip of two SCI patients, there were much reduction of existing chronic deafferentation character pain.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.244-247
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• 2008

After a traumatic brachial plexus injury, 80% of patients develop severe pain in the deafferentated arm. This type of pain is considered very resistant to many forms of therapy. When we plan treatments for the patient who suffer from a pain from traumatic brachial plexus injury, clarifying the location of injured nerve is very important. EMG (electromyography), NCV (nerve conduction study), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and CT (computed tomography) myelography are recommended diagnostic method for this purpose. Here, we presented a patient who was suspected to have both preganglionic and postganglionic brachial plexus lesion by EMG and NCV study, he showed favorable response after spinal cord stimulation.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 1999

One of the major purpose of rehabilitation program is for the individual to achieve independence. That means independence from family members, independence from friends, and independence from rehabilitation team. An independent attitude is essential for autonomous functioning. Unless a disabled person is motivated to function independently, he will never do so. 3) Hydrotherapy, HALLIWICK method was applied to SCI patient. Especially, metacentric effect, density, buoyancy and breathing control are very very important theory.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.10-18
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• 2016

재활로봇은 최근 기술적 성장과 임상 수요를 통해 시장을 만들어 가고 있다. 재활로봇은 1990년대 일상생활보조를 바탕으로 연구개발 및 제품화가 진행되었다. 2000년대에 들어서면서 치료현장에서 재활로봇이 적용되기 시작하였다. 척수손상과 같은 마비환자의 보행재활을 시작으로 대상군의 규모가 더 큰 뇌졸중에 재활로봇이 활용되고 있다. 재활로봇은 많은 횟수의 훈련이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 치료 수준을 균일하게 할 수 있다. 최근 기술적 이슈인 (1) 경량화, (2) 재료의 변화, (3) 의도파악, (4) 인간-로봇 상호작용 관점의 피드백에 대해 살펴본다. 추가적 최근 시장에서의 경쟁이 심화하는 하지 외골격 로봇에 대해 현황을 살펴본다. 재활로봇 분야는 절대 강자가 없는 다양성이 강한 시장이다. 재활로봇의 임상진입을 위한 중개연구, 시장 보급을 위한 시범보급이 추진을 바탕으로 진행되고 있다.