• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

This study presents lead and cadmium concentrations in livers, kidneys and bones of Korean wild birds during 2000$\sim$2002. The number of sample sizes was Ciconiiformes (n=10), Anseriformes (n=3), Falconiformes (n=7), Charadriiformes (n=8), Columbiformes (n=2) and Passeriformes (n=6). Lead concentrations in livers were Charadriiformes

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.277-289
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• 1997

Electrophresis methods were used to examined the degree of genetic relatedness and divergent times on the 4 genera 4 species of the family Corvidae and 1 species of the Family Cinclidae. Genetic relatedness between two families and between 4 genera of Corvidae showed similar to those reported at comparable taxonomic levels in other bird. But it appears to be considerably less than that of non avian taxa. Genetic relatedness between Garrulus glandarius brandtii and Corvus corone orientalis was the most close related(S=0.81), whereas Pica pica sericea(S=0.72) and Cyanopica cyanus koreensis(S=0.68) were showed less close relatedness respectively. The presumed divergent time between two families was 3.9 million years before present. Whereas among the 4 species of corvidae, the presumes divergent times of Cyanopica cyanus koreensis and Pica pica sericea were about 1.9 and 1.6 million years before present respectively, and between Garrulus glandarius brandtii and Corvus corone orientalis was showed recently about 1.0 million years before present

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2018

Color rings have been commonly and widely used in many ecological and ornithological studies in the field, but color ring-induced injury in passerines is poorly documented. In this report, we describe the first case of toe loss caused by a dislocated split Darvic ring in a Pale Thrush (Turdus pallidus) that was recaptured 596 days after its initial capture and release on Hong-do Island, the Republic of Korea. We also found that a left hind toe of a Light-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis) was entrapped by a split color ring when the bird was observed 135 days after the marking at Heuksan-do Island. Based on these two cases out of the 1,900 color ringed birds, we emphasize a precautionary approach following general guidelines in the application and use of color leg rings for future studies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.325-333
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the pattern of habitat use of passerine migrants at Hongdo Island, Jeollanamdo Province, Korea from March 2006 to October 2007. The richness and abundance of species were the highest in shrubs among major habitat types including trees, shrubs, grass, agricultural fields. There were significant differences at trees, shrubs and agricultural fields among bird behavior. The frequency of resting and feeding was highest at trees ($x^2$=61.583, df=2, p<0.001) and agricultural fields, respectively($x^2$=117.339, df=2, p<0.001). In the shrub was similar in both resting and others behaviors, while the frequency of feeding was lowest ($x^2$=66.725, df=2, p<0.001). There were significant differences in observed individuals in relation to seasons. In autumn, number of observed individuals was higher in tree, lower in shrub, grass, agricultural field than spring. Habitat diversity (H') was significantly correlated with bird species diversity (H') (r=0.585, p<0.01). This study would be useful to establish conservation strategies for migratory stopover site of passerine birds.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.108-119
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• 2021

We aimed to develop a naturalness index for forest-dwelling birds in four national parks in Korea and to simulate the effect of species loss on this naturalness index. Five bird specialists were asked to give 112 bird species a disturbance susceptibility score (DSS), and the naturalness index was calculated based on this. The 112 bird species represented 8 orders (Cuculiformes, Piciformes, Accipitriformes, Falconiformes, Columbiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Strigiformes, and Passeriformes). DSS was the highest for Terpsiphone atrocaudata and Pitta nympha, and lowest for Pica pica, Hypsipetes amaurotis, and Streptopelia orientalis. There was a significant negative relationship between a species' population number and its DSS. Among the four national parks, Mt. Songni had the highest naturalness index, followed by Mt. Wolak, Mt. Juwang, and Mt. Wolchul. We investigated the change in biodiversity indices under four scenarios, which assumed the extinction of species with less than 5 (Scenario 1), 10 (Scenario 2), 50 (Scenario 3), and 100 individuals (Scenario 4). The results showed that although all biodiversity indices decreased as the species loss increased, they all behaved differently. Fisher's alpha diversity decreased as the number of species proportionally decreased. There was almost no change in Shannon-Wiener H' index in Scenarios 1 and 2. The naturalness index showed increased sensitivity in Scenarios 1 and 4. Our future aims are to obtain the DSS for all forest-dwelling bird species, and to adopt the naturalness index to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in biodiversity.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 1990

Electrophoretic methods were used to examine the degree of genic variation and genetic relatedness in 11 populations representing 6 species and subspecies of the genus Parus in Korea. The average degree of genic variation of 3 subspecies of P. major was =1.2, =24.4% , D=0.042, and G=0.058, whereas the rest of the species showed slightly lower degree of genic variation than P. major. Genetic relatedness between subspecies and species in the genus Parus showed similar to those reported at comparable taxnonomic levels in other birds. But it appears to be considerably less than that of non avian taxa. Genetic relatedness between 3 subspecies of P.major and P. varius varius was closely related(=0.80), whereas between P.palustrius hellmayri and P.ater amurensis was relatively remote (=0.67). The presumed divergent times of P.palustrius hellmayri, P, ater amurensis , and P. varius varius were about 1.8, 1.6, and 1.0million years before present respectively, and 3 subspecies of P. major were recently differentiated about 100 thousands years before present.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2003

The avifauna of from Manbokdae to Siribong in Jiri Mountain part of Baekdudaegan, was surveyed from May to November, 2002. In total, we observed 901 birds, and they were consisted of 49 species,23 families and 7 orders. The largest number of birds were observed in valley and followed by in low ridge, Road, Agricultural area and high ridge. The dominant species were Great Tit (Parus major) and then Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla), Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) and Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus). The highest species diversity index was 2.85 at low ridge(846m), and the lowest was 1.83 at high ridge(1,433m). In this study, the valley is the most important area for the habitat of birds and followed by the low ridge and agricultural area. Thus, to decide the management required area of Baekdudaegan, it should include valley and nearby lowland as well as ridge area. Moreover, there should be some sort of restriction of vehicle usage when a road cross or close to the Baekdudaegan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.516-524
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• 2015

This study was characteristics of bird community conducted to from 2009 to 2010 in Sihwa South Grassland, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Total 49 species were recorded and the sum of maximum counts was 2,258 individuals. Species diversity was 2.21 and the species richness was 6.22. In South Reclaimed, we recorded maximum score of 38 species. and maximum score of 1,083 individuals in Dinosaur Egg Fossil. Comparison between areas were use average species diversity and species richness. Mostly Dinosaur Egg Fossil and South Reclaimed were higher than Sihwa Lake upstream. As a results of the ANOVA test, all areas were different. also, Sihwa Lake upstream only difference was that the bird community. In the season there was a significant difference between the Number of species and species richness. Number of species and species richness were significant differences depending on the season. but individuals and species diversity were no significant differences. In the year there was a no significant difference between the Number of species and individuals. but species diversity and species richness were significant differences. As a result, Between areas was different patterns of bird communities. but including water space Dinosaur Egg Fossil and South Reclaimed were showed a similar bird communities and bird diversity was higher. In the season, the resident was using of consistent patterns. but, There were differences depending on the migratory patterns of populations. In the year, every year was communities of a similar patterns. Sihwa South Grassland is of the high conservation value ecosystem as the only domestic. Propose an opinion for maintaining biodiversity when planning future habitat composition and environmental decrease.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2010

This study was conducted from April, 2002 to March 2006, using three urban streams(Gap Stream, Yudeung Stream and Daejeon Stream) in Daejeon Metropolitan City. 12,027 individual birds summed by the peak count in 126 species, 34 families, and 13 orders were observed from three stream sites. Dominant species were of Anas poecilorhyncha, Anas crecca, Columba livia, Passer montanus, and Egretta garzetta(in that order). The groups of birds were classified into six types. The most frequent group were the arbor birds(54 species), while the smallest group was the diving ducks(7 species). As for the number of individuals, the shrub bird group had 721 individuals while the dabbling ducks observed had 4,974 individuals. Regarding the distribution of birds appeareing in each stream, 14,885 individual numbers in 114 species were observed at Gap Stream, 6,642 individuals in 90 species at Yudeung Stream and 4,202 individuals in 69 species at Daejeon Stream. Various indices of the birds were analyzed with respects to the similarities between streams. Gap Stream had similar characteristics to Yudeung Stream, and the latter was similar to Daejeon Stream. However, Gap Stream and Daejeon Stream showed different characteristics. The dominance index of each section was calculated using ten dominant bird species top-down. Subsequently, the birds and their preferred environment were analyzed. The results showed that shrub birds and arbor birds preferred the upper stream of every stream, while herons and dabbling ducks inhabited the midstream. Dabbling ducks and some diving ducks appeared downstream.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

This study was to investigate water quality and biotic community characteristics in Juam Lake. In water quality, water temperatures was $3.8{\sim}21.2^{\circ}C$, 6.7~8.6 in pH, $64{\sim}76{\mu}s\;cm^{-1}$ in Conductivity, $5.3{\sim}13.2mg\;L^{-1}$ in DO, $2.5{\sim}3.3mg\;L^{-1}$ in COD, $1.0{\sim}5.1mg\;L^{-1}$ in SS, $0.622{\sim}0.841mg\;L^{-1}$ in T-N, $0.007{\sim}0.019mg\;L^{-1}$ in T-P and $2.8{\sim}8.8mg\;m^{-3}$ in Chl-a. Revised Carlson's Index (TSIm) assessment using total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a domonstrated that the trophic states of Juam Lake were rated as mesotrophic. A total of 53 species of phytoplankton were identified. They were 28 Bacillariophyceae, 13 Chlorophyceae, 3 Cyanophyceae, and 9 Other algal taxa. The standing crops of phytoplankton was ranged from $113cells\;mL^{-1}$ to $2,909cells\;mL^{-1}$. A total of 16 species of zooplankton were identified (10 rotifers, 4 cladocerans and 2 copepods). Total zooplankton abundance was $309ind.\;L^{-1}$ to $435ind.\;L^{-1}$. The collected benthic macroinvertebrates from the surveyed sites in Juam Lake were 1,038 individuals, 33 species, 21 families and 12 orders. A dominant species was Uracanthella rufa and a subdominant species was Ecdyonurus kibunensis. Hydrophytes recorded from Juam Lake were identified 9 taxa. Emerged plants, floating plants among the hydrophytes was classified 8, 1 taxa, respectively. Ecosystem disturbance wildplant by Environment Ministry found were Paspalum distichum var. distichum and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia. A total of 30 species (6 families) were collected fishs from Juam Lake. There were 10 Korean endemic species (33.3% of collected species number) and 3 exotic species (10.0%).