Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2021.54.2.108

Application of Forest Bird Naturalness Index for Evaluating Biodiversity in National Parks in Korea  

Choi, Sei-Woong (Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University)
Jang, Jin (National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service)
Chae, Hee-Young (National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service)
Park, Jin-Young (National Institute of Biological Resources)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment / v.54, no.2, 2021 , pp. 108-119 More about this Journal
Abstract
We aimed to develop a naturalness index for forest-dwelling birds in four national parks in Korea and to simulate the effect of species loss on this naturalness index. Five bird specialists were asked to give 112 bird species a disturbance susceptibility score (DSS), and the naturalness index was calculated based on this. The 112 bird species represented 8 orders (Cuculiformes, Piciformes, Accipitriformes, Falconiformes, Columbiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Strigiformes, and Passeriformes). DSS was the highest for Terpsiphone atrocaudata and Pitta nympha, and lowest for Pica pica, Hypsipetes amaurotis, and Streptopelia orientalis. There was a significant negative relationship between a species' population number and its DSS. Among the four national parks, Mt. Songni had the highest naturalness index, followed by Mt. Wolak, Mt. Juwang, and Mt. Wolchul. We investigated the change in biodiversity indices under four scenarios, which assumed the extinction of species with less than 5 (Scenario 1), 10 (Scenario 2), 50 (Scenario 3), and 100 individuals (Scenario 4). The results showed that although all biodiversity indices decreased as the species loss increased, they all behaved differently. Fisher's alpha diversity decreased as the number of species proportionally decreased. There was almost no change in Shannon-Wiener H' index in Scenarios 1 and 2. The naturalness index showed increased sensitivity in Scenarios 1 and 4. Our future aims are to obtain the DSS for all forest-dwelling bird species, and to adopt the naturalness index to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in biodiversity.
Keywords
forest dwelling bird; naturalness; disturbance susceptibility; biodiversity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 CBD. 2003. Monitoring and Indicators: Designing NationalLevel Monitoring Programmes and Indicators, Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal.
2 Collen, B. and E. Nicholson. 2014. Taking the measure of change. Science 346: 166-167.   DOI
3 Failing, L. and R. Gregory. 2003. Ten common mistakes in designing biodiversity indicators for forest policy. Journal of Environmental Management 68: 121-132.   DOI
4 Gibbons, D.W., J.B. Reid and R.A. Chapman. 1993. The New Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland: 1988-1991. T & AD Poyser, London.
5 Gregory, R.D., D. Noble, R. Field, J. Marchant, M. Raven and D.W. Gibbons. 2003. Using birds as indicators of biodiversity. Ornis Hungarica 12-13: 11-24.
6 Lee, D.K., C. Park and K. Oh. 2010. Forest Patch Characteristics and Their Contribution to Forest-Bird Diversity - Focus on Chungcheong Province Area. Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 13: 146-153.
7 Morrison, M.L., C.J. Ralph, J. Verner and J.R. Jehl Jr. 1990. Avian foraging: theory, methodology and applications. Cooper Ornithological Society, Los Angeles.
8 Magurran, A.E. 2013. Measuring biological diversity. John Wiley & Sons.
9 Park, I.H., Y.H. Kim and K.J. Cho. 2012. Bird Species Diversity Analysis According to the Type of Forest Vegetation. Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 15: 43-52.   DOI
10 Purvis, A. and A. Hector. 2000. Getting the measure of biodiversity. Nature 405: 212-219.   DOI
11 Rice, J.C. and M. Rochet. 2005. A framework for selecting a suite of indicators for fisheries management. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 516-527.   DOI
12 Scholes, R.J. and R. Biggs. 2005. A biodiversity intactness index. Nature 434: 45-49.   DOI
13 Temple, S.A. and J.A. Wiens. 1989. Bird populations and environmental changes: can birds be bio-indicators. American Birds 43: 260-270.
14 Segan, D.B., K.A. Murray and J.E. Watson. 2016. A global assessment of current and future biodiversity vulnerability to habitat loss-climate change interactions. Global Ecology and Conservation 5: 12-21.   DOI
15 National Park Service. 2020. Statistics of the National Park, Korea. National Park Service.
16 An, J.S. and S.W. Choi. 2021. Butterflies as an indicator group of riparian ecosystem assessment. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 24: 195-200.   DOI
17 Bibby, C.J. 1999. Making the most of birds as environmental indicators. Ostrich 70: 81-88.   DOI
18 Singer, M.S., T.E. Farkas, C.M. Skorik and K.A. Mooney. 2012. Tritrophic interactions at a community level: effects of host plant species quality on bird predation of caterpillars. The American Naturalist 179: 363-374.   DOI
19 van Strien, A.J., L.L. Soldaat and R.D. Gregory. 2012. Desirable mathematical properties of indicators for biodiversity change. Ecological Indicators 14: 202-208.   DOI
20 Watermeyer, K.E., G. Guillera-Arroita, P. Bal, M.J. Burgass, L.M. Bland, B. Collen, C. Hallam, L.T. Kelly, M.A. McCarthy, T.J. Regan, S. Stevenson, B. Wintle and E. Nicholson. 2021. Using decision science to evaluate global biodiversity indices. Conservation Biology 35: 492-501.   DOI
21 Canterbury, G.E., T.E. Martin, D.R. Petit, L.J. Petit and D.F. Bradford. 2000. Bird communities and habitat as ecological indicators of forest condition in regional monitoring. Conservation Biology 14: 544-558.   DOI
22 Lawton, J.H., D.E. Bignell, B. Bolton, G.F. Bloemers, P. Eggleton, P.M. Hammond, M. Hodda, R.D. Holt, T.B. Larsen, N.A. Mawdsley, N.E. Stork, T.B. Srivastava and A.D. Watt. 1998. Biodiversity inventories, indicator taxa and effects of habitat modification in tropical forest. Nature 391: 72-75.   DOI
23 Nelson, S.M. and D.C. Andersen. 1994. An assessment of riparian environmental quality by using butterflies and disturbance susceptibility scores. The Southwestern Naturalist 39: 137-142.   DOI
24 Boulinier, T., J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, J.R. Sauer, C.H. Flather and K.H. Pollock. 2001. Forest fragmentation and bird community dynamics: inference at regional scales. Ecology 82: 1159-1169.   DOI