• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2008

To evaluate biochemical safety of gejang distributed in Korea, 33 samples were collected and analyzed for indicator microorganisms, pathogen, parasite, pH, volatile basic nitrogen(VBN), salinity, 3-MCPD, histamine, and synthetic food colors. Total plate counts of gejang were the range of 3 to 7 log cfu/g and coliform were the range of ND to 4 log cfu/g. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected from 4 samples, and Escherichia coli(1 log cfu/g) and copepoda were detected from 1 sample among those. pH and VBN value of samples were the range of 6.69 to 8.10 and 21.99 to 94.55 mg%, respectively. The ranges of salinity concentration for ganjang chamgejang, ganjang ggokgejang, and ganjang dolgejang were $11.6{\sim}32.6%,\;2.8{\sim}20.5%$, and $11.6{\sim}13.3%$, respectively. But, the range of salinity concentration of yangnum gejang was $2.6{\sim}9.4%$, which was lower than ganjang gejang. Besides, 3-MCPD, histamine and synthetic food colors were not detected. From the results, most of gejang was appropriate for Korea national standard for food regulation, but still biological hygiene control for raw materials, processing, and distribution should be improved.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.265-281
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• 1992

The materials of this study consist of both specimens and survey records of the mollusks and crustaceans which were obtained from 30 collection sites in the Naktong Estuary during Aug.-Nov., 1991. The mollusks and crustaceans collected and identified in this study are 31 and 50 species, respectively. Of these two species of mollusks and six species of crustaceans were newly recored in this area. Including the previous records, the occurrence and distribution of 63 molluscan species and 138 crustacean species were compared in eight zones, before and after the construction of the Naktong Estuary Barrage. During this investigation, only a few species of mollusks occurred in the northern freshwaters off the Barrage. The habitats for the intertidal species were greatly destructed along the eastern part of the UIsuk Is. and the riverside of Tadaep'o where the bank was recently constructed. The commercial bivalves including Corbicula fluminea and Ruditapes Philkippinarum were greatly decreased in number in all the eatuarine waters. A freshwater crab, Eriocheir japonicus, seems to be extinguished in the Naktong River and its neighbouring streams.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.166-175
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• 2010

Seasonal variation in species composition of estuarine fauna in the Han River estuary was determined by analyzing monthly samples collected on the intertidal flat of Ganghwa Island by a fence net from April to December 2009. Total number of species was 57: 34 species of fishes, 20 species of crustacean, 2 species of cephalopods and 1 species of jellyfish. Of a total of 57 species, Portunus trituberculatus (57.2%), Palaemon gravieri (7.1%), Collichthys lucidus (7.0%), Hemigrapsus sanguineus (6.2%) and Exopalaemon carinicauda (4.7%) were predominated in abundance. Diverse species were occurred in spring and autumn, and abundance was high in autumn. Chelon haematocheilus, Synechogobius hasta, Co ilia nasus, P. gravieri and E. carinicauda were classified as the brackish residence species. P. trituberculatus, C. lucidus, Mugil cephalus and Cynoglossus joyneri were coastal migratory species which use the estuary as nursing and feeding grounds. Diadromous species (such as Takifogu obscurus, Anguilajaponica and Eriocheir sinensis) and freshwater fish (Carassius auratus) were also collected.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2012

Temporomandibular disorder(TMD) is relatively prevalent disease, and quality of life may be impaired in TMD patients. Like general population, dental hospital workers are also exposed to the risk of TMD. But, many of them tend to overlook or tolerate their symptoms for lack of time and interest. Therefore, problems may become more serious, causing interference of performing task and decrease of quality of life. The aim of this study were to obtain data for TMD prevalence in dental hospital workers and to evaluate quality of life according to TMD symptoms. Subjects were recruited from Wonkwang University Dental Hospital. After consent, subjects completed quality of life questionnaire and were evaluated for subjective and objective signs and symptoms of TMD. Subjects were classified into 4 groups : (1) normal group (2) joint disorder group, (3) local myalgia group, and (4) myofascial pain group. The result of the study indicated that TMD negatively influences the quality of life in dental hospital worker. TMD symptoms can deteriorate quality of life in dental hospital worker. Future effort to make protocol for proper management is needed.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-39
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• 1994

In order to study the optimum environmental condition for larvae culture of the freshwater crab, Eriocheir japonicus, larvae from different growth stages and young crab were cultured under the 16 different conditions of $4\times4$ temperature-salinity combinations (4 different temperatures at 22, 24, 26, $28^{\circ}C$ with 10.5, 17.5, 24.5 and $31.5\%$ of salinity). The duration of metamorphosis, metamorphosis rate, the interval of moulting period, and survival rate were measured from each experimental group of larvae and young crab under the different conditions. The results indicated that the optimum conditions may be a $24.5\%o$ of salinity at water temperature at 22, 24, and $26^{\circ}C$. At $28^{\circ}C$ with $24.5\%o$), the duration of metamorphosis reduced somewhat, nevertheless metamorphosis and survival rate decreased a lot. And the lower the salinity showed the lower the metamorphosis and survival rates at $28^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.255-271
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• 1993

For the development of seedling production techniques of the freshwater crab Eriocheir japonicus, the effects of salinity and temperature on the growth of larvae of the crab were studied. Embryos hatched out as zoea larvae were measured 0.421 mm in average carapace length. Five zoea stages needed 16-26 days for metamorphosis from zoea to megalopa at $22^{\circ}C$ and $24.5\%o$. The average carapace length of the 5th zoea was 1.16 mm and that of the megalopa larvae was 1.89 mm. Each zoea stage could be identified based on both the number of plumosed seatae on the exopodite of maxilliped, and the number of spines on the posteroinner margin of tel son and also based on the rudimentary pleopods appearence. Zoea larvae fed rotifers and Artemia nauplii were healthy and metamorphosing rate from zoea to megalopa was $80\~90\%\;at\;22\~26^{\circ}C\;and\;17.5\~31.5\%o$. The relationship between larval period (Y in days) and water temperature $(X\;in\;^{\circ}C)$ is expressed as Log Y = 3.8604-1.91735 LogX. Water temperature and salinity ranges for better survival and metamorphosis of the larvae were $ 22^{\circ}C\~26^{\circ}C\;(optimum\;at\; 26^{\circ}C)\;and\;17.5\%o\~31.5\%o\;(optimum\;at\;24.5\%)$, respectively. The duration of larval stages tend to longer as salinity levels deviated from optimum particulaly at lower end. All zoea larvae did not survive in freshwater.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.160-171
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• 2018

This study aims to find an original form of temple flower decoration patterns, considering floral lattice pattern as a view element composing temple landscape. To that end, we analyzed and interpreted the form and symbol expressed in the floral lattice pattern at Nahanjeon of Seonghyel Temple at Yeongju, Gyeongsangbukdo. The front side of Nahanjeon windows shows a sculpture with 176 pure patterns in a form where two squares are in sequence. The basic concept of main front door (the inner gate of Nahanjeon) frames is considered the design language of lotus pond that symbolizes "square land" in traditional gardens. The four leaf clover and arrowhead are water plants discovered in areas nearby ponds, which are a realistic expression conforming to the water ecology of lotus pond. The lotus, which is the most important plant at the main front door, indicates purity, a non-stained state, and the world of the lotus sanctuary, which is the land of blissful happiness in Buddhism. The lotus expressed in the floral lattice pattern is spread in a diverse form, containing the features of creation and destruction, showing the landscape character of the "One Body of Buddha and Lotus". The expression of flying birds such as kingfishers and egrets is an ecologically aesthetic idea to infuse dynamism and vitality into a seemingly static aquatic ecosystem. The floral lattice pattern contains lotus pond scenery showing symbiosis of animals(i.e., dragons, frogs, crabs, fishes, egrets, wild geese, and kingfishers) and plants(i.e., four leaf clovers and arrowheads), which are symbols of relief faith for longevity, wealth, preciousness, and many sons. The pattern is not just an ecological aesthetic expression but a holistic harmony of ecological components such as growth and disappearance of lotus and its leaves, fitting habitats, symbiosis, and food chain.