• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.339-343
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• 2021

This study was conducted to compare the shoot development and fruit characteristics on fruit bearing branch (FBB) according to the fruiting level (FLs: FL-Low, -Middle, -High) of peach 'Cheonhong'. The number of shoots per FBB according to the FLs were most distributed in 1-2 (42%) of FL-Low, 1 (47%) of FL-Middle and 1 (42%) of FL-High. And fruit weight and soulable solide content were 210-270g (50%) and 10-12Brix (44%), 180-240g (60%) and 10-12Brix (59%), 180-240g (60%) and 11-13Brix (48%), respectively. In addition, only FL-High showed a linear regression correlation between fruit weight and number of shoots. And a linear regression equation of y=0.0126x+8.1857 (R²=0.1964, P≤0.01) is shown between the souble solid content (y) and the fruit weight (x).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2017

The study was performed on the effects of crop load of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) trees on shoot growth, reserved nutrients, and fruit production for two years, as well as regrowth of cuttings treated with various cold temperatures in 2012 and 2013. Crop load adjustments included three levels of fruiting; 54 (60%), 90 (100%), and 126 fruits per tree (140%). As increasing crop load from 60% to 140%, water sprout growth decreased, and one-year old shoot resulted in declined concentrations of total carbon, macro-nutrients, and free sugar. The 140% of crop load greatly increased fruit yield of approximately 35 tons per ha in both 2011 and 2012 but slightly reduced weight, size, and soluble solid contents in fruit. However, 140% of crop load increased annual production income to approximately over 10 million won compared to the 60% and 100% of crop load. Germination rates in the cuttings did not rapidly decrease up to $-20^{\circ}C$ in a growth chamber condition. The 140% of crop load decreased germination rates less than 70% of cuttings grown under $-30^{\circ}C$. Amounts of electrolyte leakage in the cuttings under various cold temperatures were not significantly different among the adjustment of crop load.

• Procedding of Korea Feed Ingredients Association Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.37-60
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• 2000

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2014

We analyzed drainage water from coir substrate in which cucumber plants were grown in winter and elucidated changes in pH, EC, and major nutrients according to the growth stages to recommend nutrient solution management appropriate to each growth stage. From the analysis of drainage solution the growth stages of cucumber were desirable to be divided into two, planting to fruit setting and fruit setting to harvest in case of nutrient solution management. The time required was about 3 weeks from planting to the first fruit setting and thereafter 7~10 days more until the first harvest. Approximately every 3~4 days were needed until the upper flowers bloomed. The time required from fruit setting to harvest was not different much among flowers as cucumber plants grew. From the experimental results, EC of supplied solution was recommended to maintain a little high to $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ until before fruit setting and lower a little to $2.0{\sim}2.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ after that. Of course, the amount of solution supply should be increased as plants grew. In case of each nutrients, the recommendation of concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium were 700, 60, and $110mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ each until before fruit setting, and then 660, 50, and $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ each after fruit setting. The concentrations of potassium and magnesium are recommended to start from 400 and $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ until fruit setting and lower a little after that.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between cone abundance and cone/seed characteristics to improve seed quality and seed orchard management of Pinus koraiensis. The data was collected from P. koraiensis seed orchards at Chungju in 2007. That year was a rich year of cone harvest and the average number of cone per tree was 2.5 times much than that of normal year. We collected the cones from all trees in the sample plot of the seed orchard and investigated morphological characters such as cone length, cone width and cone weight. According to cone abundance per tree, the samples were divided into eight classes and analysed by cone analysis method. There is a decreasing tendency of number of fertile scale, seed potential, percent of filled seeds, seed weight per cone and seed efficiency, when the cone number per tree is increased. Additionally, the implications of the results to seed orchards management of P. koraiensis were discussed.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

This study was conducted in three years (7-9 years after planting) to investigate vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, and return bloom for optimum crop load based on different planting densities of adult 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. As plant materials, 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees planted at $3.5{\times}1.5m$ (190 trees per 10 a), $3.5{\times}1.2m$ (238 trees per 10 a), and $3.2{\times}1.2m$ (260 trees per 10 a) spacing and trained as slender spindles were used. The crop load was assigned to five different object ranges as follows: 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, 85-94, and 95-104 fruit per tree. TCA increment, total shoot growth, return bloom, yield per tree, and yield efficiency tended to increase as planting density decreased, and fruit weight and soluble solid content tended to increase as the object range of crop load decreased. Fruit red color tended to increase as shoot growth decreased. For apple trees planted with 238 trees and 260 trees per 10a, biennial bearing occurred when the crop load was over 85-94 and 75-84 fruits, respectively. However, biennial bearing did not occur when the crop load was 95-104 fruits in apple trees planted with 190 trees per 10a. Accumulated yield tended to increase as planting density and crop load increased, but that of biennial bearing did not show such a difference. Based on our results, optimum crop load recommendations are to set 95-104 fruits per tree in 'Fuji'/M.9 mature apple trees planted at 190 trees per 10a, 75-84 fruits per tree at 238 trees per 10a, and 65-74 fruits per tree at 260 trees per 10a.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the usage and management of flavorings inside or outside (Europe, Japan, JECFA and USA) for that establish a legislation about the flavoring management in Korea. Also, this study contributed to prevent confusion when manufacturers produce flavorings used in food industry. 6,434 among 8,386 flavorings authorized by Korea Food and Drug administration are compound flavorings, and 618 among 6,434 compound flavorings are synthetic flavorings. Many other substances except for flavorings are using as solvent in flavoring manufacture. Flavorings used in food industries of Korea are listed at least one among FEMA, JECFA, CoE and JFFMA except for isooctyl acetate and tricyclene. 493 items out of total 618 synthetic flavorings have completed safety evaluation by JECFA. 106 synthetic flavorings out of the rest listed FEMA as GRAS and 20 synthetic flavorings used in Japan. The replier answered that the most frequently used flavorings are strawberry, grape, orange, plum, lemon and vanilla flavor and that the usage of flavoring added to foodstuffs is less than 0.5%.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.164-169
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• 2006

This study was conducted for 10 days from 17 July to 26 July in 2005 to measure the amount of xylem sap flow under short-term variation of soil moisture regimes at -20 kPa, -50 kPa and -80 kPa in eight-year-old 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees with different fruit loads. Fruit load was adjusted as three different treatments with standard (100%), 1/2 times (50%) and 2 times (200%) on the basis of optimum fruiting number per tree as the standard fruit load of Fuji cultivar. Trees with standard fruit load during the experimental period showed higher xylem sap flow at -50 kPa of soil moisture regimes than those of trees with 1/2 times and 2 times fruit load. Trees with 1/2 times and 2 times fruit load had similar patterns of the diurnal changes of xylem sap flow, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and maximum evapotranspiration (ETm). However, trees with 2 times fruit load at -50 kPa and -80 kPa of soil moisture regimes produced lower amount of xylem sap flow than ETm. Trees with standard fruit load produced $1.06{\sim}3.93$ L/tree more amount of xylem sap flow than ETm at all soil moisture regimes. But xylem sap flow of tees with 2 times fruit load had 21% lower at -50 kPa and $31{\sim}36%$ lower at -20 kPa and -80 kPa of soil moisture regimes, respectively than that of trees with standard fruit load. Shoot growth and leaf area were significantly the highest in trees with standard fruit load while those of trees with 2 times fruit load recorded significantly lowest. Leaf water potential of trees with standard fruit load was lower than that of trees with 1/2 times and 2 times fruit load. It indicated that tees with standard fruit load had higher water use for transpiration than other treatments and tees with 2 times fruit load received more stress for the transpiration process under low soil moisture regimes. Consequently, 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees, the fruit load and soil moisture should be maintained optimum to increase xylem sap flow and transpiration during higher growth period.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 NaOH로 첨착시킨 활성탄의 표면특성변화와 H$_2$S 흡착능을 고찰하였다. 첨착시약으로 사용된 NaOH 용액의 농도는 1~8N이며, 활성탄의 입자크기는 8$\times$30mesh가 적용되었다. 실험결과는 첨착율이 0.87~5.8% 범위 내에서 증가할수록 BET 표면적은 1050$m^2$/g에서 783$m^2$/g로 감소하며, 표면산도는 0.541meq/g-AC에서 0meq/g-AC으로 감소하고, pH는 9.56에서 10.86으로 증가하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 NaOH로 첨착시킨 활성탄의 H$_2$S 평형흡착능을 보임으로써 비첨착활성탄에 비해 2~3배 높은 수준을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.446-455
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• 2017

We investigated the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.) to provide a consumer-oriented quality index. Oriental melon fruits were harvested at 20, 25, or 30 days after fruit set (DAFS), and each group was sorted by size (small, medium, and large). Fruits harvested at 25 and 30 DAFS had higher CIE $a^*$ and $b^*$ values, higher soluble solids content (SSC), and lower CIE $L^*$, firmness, and titratable acidity (TA) values than fruits harvested at 20 DAFS. Fruits harvested at 25 and 30 DAFS scored more highly for overall acceptance. A significant correlation was found between physicochemical characteristics and overall acceptance. In the delayed-harvest sample, increased sweetness and yellowness, and decreased sensorial texture were associated with an increase in overall acceptance. In principal component analysis, F1 and F2 explained 62.16% and 17.91% of the total variance (80.07%), respectively. Regression analysis of overall acceptance and F1 gave a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.87. Our results show that consideration of the physicochemical characteristics (CIE value, SSC, pH, SSC/TA ratio, and firmness) and sensory characteristics (yellowness, placenta area condition, oriental melon odor, sweetness, oriental melon flavor, texture, and off odor) of oriental melon in this way can be used as quality indices to predict consumer acceptance.